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Description
In order to understand the initial conditions and early evolution of star formation in a wide range of Galactic environments, we carried out an investigation of 64 Planck Galactic cold clumps (PGCCs) in the second quadrant of the Milky Way. Using the ^13^CO and C^18^O J=1-0 lines and 850{mu}m continuum observations, we investigated cloud fragmentation and evolution associated with star formation. We extracted 468 clumps and 117 cores from the ^13^CO line and 850{mu}m continuum maps, respectively. We made use of the Bayesian distance calculator and derived the distances of all 64 PGCCs. We found that in general, the mass-size plane follows a relation of m~r^1.67^. At a given scale, the masses of our objects are around 1/10 of that of typical Galactic massive star-forming regions. Analysis of the clump and core masses, virial parameters, densities, and mass-size relation suggests that the PGCCs in our sample have a low core formation efficiency (~3.0%), and most PGCCs are likely low-mass star-forming candidates. Statistical study indicates that the 850{mu}m cores are more turbulent, more optically thick, and denser than the ^13^CO clumps for star formation candidates, suggesting that the 850{mu}m cores are likely more appropriate future star formation candidates than the ^13^CO clumps.
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