- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/218/25
- Title:
- Abundances in PNe. III: Se and Kr
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/218/25
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The detection of neutron(n)-capture elements in several planetary nebulae (PNe) has provided a new means of investigating s-process nucleosynthesis in low-mass stars. However, a lack of atomic data has inhibited accurate trans-iron element abundance determinations in astrophysical nebulae. Recently, photoionization (PI) and recombination data were determined for Se and Kr, the two most widely detected n-capture elements in nebular spectra. We have incorporated these new data into the photoionization code Cloudy (Ferland et al. 2013RMxAA..49..137F). To test the atomic data, numerical models were computed for 15 PNe that exhibit emission lines from multiple Kr ions. We found systematic discrepancies between the predicted and observed emission lines that are most likely caused by inaccurate PI and recombination data. These discrepancies were removed by adjusting the Kr^+^-Kr^3+^ PI cross sections within their cited uncertainties and the dielectronic recombination rate coefficients by slightly larger amounts. From grids of models spanning the physical conditions encountered in PNe, we derive new, broadly applicable ionization correction factor (ICF) formulae for calculating Se and Kr elemental abundances. The ICFs were applied to our previous survey of near-infrared [KrIII] and [SeIV] emission lines in 120 PNe. The revised Se and Kr abundances are 0.1-0.3dex lower than former estimates, with average values of [Se/(O,Ar)]=0.12+/-0.27 and [Kr/(O,Ar)]=0.82+/-0.29, but correlations previously found between their abundances and other nebular and stellar properties are unaffected. We also find a tendency for high-velocity PNe that can be associated with the Galactic thick disk to exhibit larger s-process enrichments than low-velocity PNe belonging to the thin-disk population.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/454/917
- Title:
- Abundances of 26 barium stars. II.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/454/917
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The aim of this work is to quantify the contributions of the s-, r-, and p-processes for the total abundance of heavy elements from abundances derived for a sample of 26 barium stars. The abundances of the sample stars were compared to those of normal stars, thus identifying the fraction relative to the main component of the s-process s. The fittings of the sigmaN curves (neutron-capture cross-section times abundance, plotted against atomic mass number) for the sample stars suggest that the material from the companion asymptotic giant branch star had approximately the solar isotopic composition as concerns fractions of abundances relative to the s-process main component.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/883/129
- Title:
- ALMA obs. of star-forming regions toward NGC6334I
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/883/129
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The relative column densities of the structural isomers methyl formate, glycolaldehyde, and acetic acid are derived for a dozen positions toward the massive star-forming regions MM1 and MM2 in the NGC 6334I complex, which are separated by ~4000au. Relative column densities of these molecules are also gathered from the literature for 13 other star-forming regions. In this combined data set, a clear bimodal distribution is observed in the relative column densities of glycolaldehyde and methyl formate. No such distribution is evident with acetic acid. The two trends are comprised of star-forming regions with a variety of masses, suggesting that there must be some other common parameter that is heavily impacting the formation of glycolaldehyde. This is indicative of some demonstrable differentiation in these cores; studying the abundances of these isomers may provide a clue as to the integral chemical processes ongoing in a variety of protostellar environments.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/619/A134
- Title:
- ATHOS. Flux ratio based stellar parameterization
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/619/A134
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The rapidly increasing number of stellar spectra obtained by existing and future large-scale spectroscopic surveys feeds a demand for fast and efficient tools for the spectroscopic determination of fundamental stellar parameters. Such tools should not only comprise customized solutions for one particular survey or instrument, but, in order to enable cross-survey comparability, they should also be capable of dealing with spectra from a variety of spectrographs, resolutions, and wavelength coverages. To meet these ambitious specifications, we developed ATHOS (A Tool for HOmogenizing Stellar parameters), a fundamentally new analysis tool that adopts easy-to-use, computationally inexpensive analytical relations tying flux ratios (FRs) of designated wavelength regions in optical spectra to the stellar parameters effective temperature (Teff), iron abundance ([Fe/H]), and surface gravity (logg). Our Teff estimator is based on FRs from nine pairs of wavelength ranges around the Balmer lines H{beta} and H{alpha}, while for [Fe/H] and logg we provide 31 and 11 FRs, respectively, which are spread between ~4800{AA} and ~6500{AA}; a region covered by most optical surveys. The analytical relations employing these FRs were trained on N=124 real spectra of a stellar benchmark sample that covers a large parameter space of Teff~=4000 to 6500K (spectral types F to K), [Fe/H]~=-4.5 to 0.3dex, and logg~=1 to 5dex, which at the same time reflects ATHOS' range of applicability. We find accuracies of 97K for Teff, 0.16dex for [Fe/H], and 0.26dex for logg, which are merely bounded by finite uncertainties in the training sample parameters. ATHOS' internal precisions can be better by up to 70%. We tested ATHOS on six independent large surveys spanning a wide range of resolutions (R~=2000 to 52000), amongst which are the Gaia-ESO and the SDSS/SEGUE surveys. The exceptionally low execution time (<30ms per spectrum per CPU core) together with a comparison to the literature parameters showed that ATHOS can successfully achieve its main objectives, in other words fast stellar parametrization with cross-survey validity, high accuracy, and high precision. These are key to homogenize the output from future surveys, such as 4MOST or WEAVE.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/624/A60
- Title:
- Atomic data for unblended lines in FGK stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/624/A60
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Fundamental atomic transition parameters, such as oscillator strengths and rest wavelengths, play a key role in modelling and understanding the chemical composition of stars in the universe. Despite the significant work under way to produce these parameters for many astrophysically important ions, uncertainties in these parameters remain large and can limit the accuracy of chemical abundance determinations. The Belgian repository of fundamental atomic data and stellar spectra (BRASS) aims to provide a large systematic and homogeneous quality assessment of the atomic data available for quantitative spectroscopy. BRASS shall compare synthetic spectra against extremely high-quality observed spectra, at a resolution of ~85000 and signal-noise ratios of ~1000, for approximately 20 bright BAFGK spectral-type stars, in order to critically evaluate the atomic data available for over a thousand potentially useful spectral lines. A large-scale homogeneous selection of atomic lines is performed by synthesising theoretical spectra of literature atomic lines for FGK-type stars including the Sun, resulting in a selection of 1091 theoretically deep and unblended lines in the wavelength range 4200-6800{AA}, which may be suitable for quality assessment. Astrophysical log(gf) values are determined for the 1091 transitions using two commonly employed methods. The agreement of these log(gf) values are used to select well-behaved lines for quality assessment. We found 845 atomic lines to be suitable for quality assessment, of which 408 were found to be robust against systematic differences between analysis methods. Around 53% of the quality-assessed lines were found to have at least one literature log(gf) value in agreement with our derived values, though the remaining values can disagree by as much as 0.5dex. Only ~38% of FeI lines were found to have sufficiently accurate log(gf) values, increasing to ~70-75% for the remaining Fe-group lines.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/526/A71
- Title:
- C abundances in G and K nearby stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/526/A71
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a determination of photospheric parameters and carbon abundances for a sample of 172 G and K dwarf, subgiant, and giant stars with and without detected planets in the solar neighbourhood. The analysis was based on high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution spectra observed with the ELODIE spectrograph (Haute Provence Observatory, France) and for which the observational data were publicly available. We intend to contribute precise and homogeneous C abundances in studies that compare the behaviour of light elements in stars with and without planets. This will bring new arguments to the discussion of possible anomalies that have been suggested and will contribute to a better understanding of different planetary formation process.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/747/102
- Title:
- ^12^C/^13^C ratio for 18 galactic R CrB stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/747/102
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Observed spectra of R Coronae Borealis (RCB) and hydrogen-deficient carbon (HdC) stars are analyzed by synthesizing the C_2_ Swan bands (1, 0), (0, 0), and (0, 1) using our detailed line list and the Uppsala model atmospheres. The (0, 1) and (0, 0) C_2_ bands are used to derive the ^12^C abundance, and the (1, 0) ^12^C^13^C band to determine the ^12^C/^13^C ratios. The carbon abundance derived from the C_2_ Swan bands is about the same for the adopted models constructed with different carbon abundances over the range 8.5 (C/He=0.1%) to 10.5 (C/He=10%). Carbon abundances derived from C I lines are about a factor of four lower than the carbon abundance of the adopted model atmosphere over the same C/He interval, as reported by Asplund et al., who dubbed the mismatch between adopted and derived C abundance as the "carbon problem." In principle, the carbon abundances obtained from C_2_ Swan bands and that assumed for the model atmosphere can be equated for a particular choice of C/He that varies from star to star. Then, the carbon problem for C_2_ bands is eliminated. However, such C/He ratios are in general less than those of the extreme helium stars, the seemingly natural relatives to the RCB and HdC stars. A more likely solution to the C_2_ carbon problem may lie in a modification of the model atmosphere's temperature structure. The derived carbon abundances and the ^12^C/^13^C ratios are discussed in light of the double degenerate and the final flash scenarios.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/503/545
- Title:
- Equivalent widths of Li, Na, Fe, Ca in NGC 6397
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/503/545
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To alleviate the discrepancy between the prediction of the primordial lithium abundance in the universe and the abundances observed in Pop II dwarfs and subgiant stars, it has been suggested that the stars observable today have undergone photospheric depletion of lithium. To identify the cause of such depletion, it is important to accurately establish the behaviour of lithium abundance with effective temperature and evolutionary phase. Stars in globular clusters are ideal objects for such abundance analysis, as relative stellar parameters can be precisely determined. We conduct a homogeneous analysis of a very large sample of stars in the metal-poor globular cluster NGC 6397, covering well all evolutionary phases from below the main sequence turn-off to high up the red giant branch. Non-LTE Li abundances or abundance upper limits are obtained for all stars, and for a size-able sub-set of the targets also Na abundances are obtained. The sodium abundances are used to distinguish stars formed out of pristine material from stars formed out of material affected by pollution from a previous generation of more massive stars. The dwarfs, turn-off, and early subgiant stars in our sample form a thin abundance plateau, disrupted in the middle of the subgiant branch by the lithium dilution caused by the first dredge-up. A second steep abundance drop is seen at the luminosity of the red giant branch bump. The turn-off stars are more lithium-poor, by up to 0.1dex, than subgiants that have not yet undergone dredge-up. In addition, hotter dwarfs are slightly more lithium-poor than cooler dwarfs, which may be a signature of the so-called Li dip in the cluster, commonly seen among PopI stars. The feature is however weak. A considerably large spread in Na abundance confirms that NGC6397 has suffered from intra-cluster pollution in its infancy and a limited number of Na-enhanced and Li-deficient stars strongly contribute to form a significant anti-correlation between the abundances of Na and Li. It is nevertheless seen that lithium abundances are unaffected by relatively high degrees of pollution. Lithium abundance trends with effective temperature and stellar luminosity are compared to predictions from stellar structure models including atomic diffusion and ad-hoc turbulence below the convection zone. We confirm previous findings that some turbulence, with strict limits to its efficiency, is necessary to explain the observations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/189/15
- Title:
- FeII emission in a sample of AGN spectra
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/189/15
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a study of optical FeII emission in 302 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We group the strongest FeII multiplets into three groups according to the lower term of the transition (b^4^F, a^6^S, and a^4^G terms). These approximately correspond to the blue, central, and red parts, respectively, of the "iron shelf" around H{beta}. We calculate an FeII template that takes into account transitions into these three terms and an additional group of lines, based on a reconstruction of the spectrum of I Zw 1. This FeII template gives a more precise fit of the FeII lines in broad-line AGNs than other templates. We extract FeII, H{alpha}, H{beta}, [OIII], and [NII] emission parameters and investigate correlations between them. We find that FeII lines probably originate in an intermediate line region. We note that the blue, red, and central parts of the iron shelf have different relative intensities in different objects. Their ratios depend on continuum luminosity, FWHM H{beta}, the velocity shift of FeII, and the H{alpha}/H{beta} flux ratio. We examine the dependence of the well-known anti-correlation between the equivalent widths of FeII and [OIII] on continuum luminosity. We find that there is a Baldwin effect for [OIII] but an inverse Baldwin effect for the FeII emission. The [OIII]/FeII ratio thus decreases with L_{lambda}5100_. Since the ratio is a major component of the Boroson & Green Eigenvector 1 (EV1), this implies a connection between the Baldwin effect and EV1 and could be connected with AGN evolution. We find that spectra are different for H{beta} FWHMs greater and less than ~3000km/s, and that there are different correlation coefficients between the parameters.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/449/2438
- Title:
- Formamide detection with ASAI-IRAM
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/449/2438
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Formamide (NH_2_CHO) has been proposed as a pre-biotic precursor with a key role in the emergence of life on Earth. While this molecule has been observed in space, most of its detections correspond to high-mass star-forming regions. Motivated by this lack of investigation in the low-mass regime, we searched for formamide, as well as isocyanic acid (HNCO), in 10 low- and intermediate-mass pre-stellar and protostellar objects. The present work is part of the IRAM Large Programme ASAI (Astrochemical Surveys At IRAM), which makes use of unbiased broad-band spectral surveys at millimetre wavelengths. We detected HNCO in all the sources and NH_2_CHO in five of them. We derived their abundances and analysed them together with those reported in the literature for high-mass sources. For those sources with formamide detection, we found a tight and almost linear correlation between HNCO and NH_2_CHO abundances, with their ratio being roughly constant - between 3 and 10 - across 6 orders of magnitude in luminosity. This suggests the two species are chemically related. The sources without formamide detection, which are also the coldest and devoid of hot corinos, fall well off the correlation, displaying a much larger amount of HNCO relative to NH_2_CHO. Our results suggest that, while HNCO can be formed in the gas-phase during the cold stages of star formation, NH_2_CHO forms most efficiently on the mantles of dust grains at these temperatures, where it remains frozen until the temperature rises enough to sublimate the icy grain mantles. We propose hydrogenation of HNCO as a likely formation route leading to NH_2_CHO.
