- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/sfincspcm
- Title:
- Star Formation in Nearby Clouds (SFiNCs) Probable Cluster Members Catalog
- Short Name:
- SFINCSPCM
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The Star Formation in Nearby Clouds (SFiNCs) project is aimed at providing a detailed study of the young stellar populations and of star cluster formation in the nearby 22 star-forming regions (SFRs) for comparison with the authors' earlier MYStIX survey of richer, more distant clusters. As a foundation for the SFiNCs science studies, in the reference paper homogeneous data analyses of the Chandra X-ray and Spitzer mid-infrared (MIR) archival SFiNCs data are described, and the resulting catalogs of over 15,300 X-ray and over 1,630,000 mid-infrared point sources are presented. On the basis of their X-ray/infrared properties and spatial distributions, nearly 8500 point sources have been identified as probable young stellar members of the SFiNCs regions. Compared to the existing X-ray/mid-infrared publications, the SFiNCs member list increases the census of YSO members by 6%-200% for individual SFRs and by 40% for the merged sample of all 22 SFiNCs SFRs. Sixty-five X-ray observations of the 22 SFiNCs SFRs made with the imaging array on the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) were extracted from the Chandra archive (spanning from 2000 January to 2015 April). See Tables 1 and 2 of the reference paper for the list of SFRs and the log of Chandra ACIS observations, respectively. The final Chandra-ACIS catalog for the 22 SFiNCs SFRs comprises 15,364 X-ray sources (presented in Tables 3 and 4 and section 3.2 of the reference paper, and available as the HEASARC table, SFINCSXRAY). To obtain MIR photometry for X-ray objects and to identify and measure MIR photometry for additional non-Chandra disky stars that were missed in previous studies of the SFiNCs regions (typically faint YSOs), the authors have reduced the archived Spitzer-IRAC data by homogeneously applying the MYStIX-based Spitzer-IRAC data reduction methods of Kuhn et al. (2013, ApJS, 209, 29) to the 423 Astronomical Object Request (AORs) data sets for the 22 SFiNCs SFRs (listed in Table 5 of the reference paper). As in MYStIX, the SFiNCs IRAC source catalog retains all point sources with the photometric signal-to-noise ratio > 5 in both [3.6] and [4.5] um channels. This catalog covers the 22 SFiNCs SFRs and their vicinities on the sky and comprises 1,638,654 IRAC sources with available photometric measurements for 100%, 100%, 29%, and 23% of these sources in the 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0um bands, respectively (see table 6 and section 3.4 of the reference paper). Source position cross-correlations between the SFiNCs Chandra X-ray source catalog and an IR catalog, either the "cut-out" IRAC or 2MASS, were made using the steps described in section 3.5 of the reference paper. Using the ensemble of X-ray and infrared data that they have obtained, the authors selected probable YSOs in the 22 SFRs using selection criteria described in section 4.1 of the reference paper. Tables 7 and 8 of the reference paper provide the list of 8,492 SFiNCs probable cluster members (SPCMs: but see below for a caveat on this number) and their main IR and X-ray properties (see section 4 of the reference paper). This present HEASARC table comprises the contents of these two tables. A fuller list of the X-ray properties of the X-ray-detected SPCMs is available in the HEASARC's SFINCSXRAY table (q.v.). This table was created by the HEASARC in September 2017 based on the <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJS/229/28">CDS Catalog J/ApJS/229/28</a> files table7.dat (the IR photometry of the SFiNCs probable cluster members) and table8.dat (the main X-ray and other properties of the SFiNCs probable cluster members). This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
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- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/sfincsxray
- Title:
- Star Formation in Nearby Clouds (SFiNCs) X-Ray Source Catalog
- Short Name:
- SFINCSXRAY
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The Star Formation in Nearby Clouds (SFiNCs) project is aimed at providing a detailed study of the young stellar populations and of star cluster formation in the nearby 22 star-forming regions (SFRs) for comparison with our earlier MYStIX survey of richer, more distant clusters. As a foundation for the SFiNCs science studies, in the reference paper homogeneous data analyses of the Chandra X-ray and Spitzer mid-infrared archival SFiNCs data are described, and the resulting catalogs of over 15,300 X-ray and over 1,630,000 mid-infrared point sources are presented. On the basis of their X-ray/infrared properties and spatial distributions, nearly 8500 point sources have been identified as probable young stellar members of the SFiNCs regions. Compared to the existing X-ray/mid-infrared publications, the SFiNCs member list increases the census of YSO members by 6%-200% for individual SFRs and by 40% for the merged sample of all 22 SFiNCs SFRs. Sixty-five X-ray observations of the 22 SFiNCs SFRs made with the imaging array on the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) were extracted from the Chandra archive (spanning from 2000 January to 2015 April). See Tables 1 and 2 of the reference paper for the list of SFRs and the log of Chandra ACIS observations, respectively. The final Chandra-ACIS catalog for the 22 SFiNCs SFRs comprises 15,364 X-ray sources (presented in Tables 3 and 4 and section 3.2 of the reference paper, and the contents of this HEASARC table, SFINCSXRAY). To obtain MIR photometry for X-ray objects and to identify and measure MIR photometry for additional non-Chandra disky stars that were missed in previous studies of the SFiNCs regions (typically faint YSOs), the authors have reduced the archived Spitzer-IRAC data by homogeneously applying the MYStIX-based Spitzer-IRAC data reduction methods of Kuhn et al. (2013, ApJS, 209, 29) to the 423 Astronomical Object Request (AORs) data sets for the 22 SFiNCs SFRs (Table 5 of the reference paper). As in MYStIX, the SFiNCs IRAC source catalog retains all point sources with the photometric signal-to-noise ratio > 5 in both [3.6] and [4.5] um channels. This catalog covers the 22 SFiNCs SFRs and their vicinities on the sky and comprises 1,638,654 IRAC sources with available photometric measurements for 100%, 100%, 29%, and 23% of these sources in the 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0um bands, respectively (see table 6 and section 3.4 of the reference paper). Source position cross-correlations between the SFiNCs Chandra X-ray source catalog and an IR catalog, either the "cut-out" IRAC or 2MASS, were made using the steps described in section 3.5 of the reference paper. Tables 7 and 8 of the reference paper provide the list of 8,492 SFiNCs probable cluster members (SPCMs) and their main IR and X-ray properties (see section 4 of the reference paper): this list as available at the HEASARC as the SFINCSPCM table (q.v.). This table was created by the HEASARC in September 2017 based on the <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJS/229/28">CDS Catalog J/ApJS/229/28</a> files table3.dat (the list of SFiNCs X-ray sources and their basic properties) and table4.dat (the list of SFiNCs X-ray source fluxes). This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/sfgalhmxb
- Title:
- Star-Forming Galaxies High-Mass X-Ray Binaries Catalog
- Short Name:
- SFGALHMXB
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- Based on a homogeneous set of X-ray, infrared and ultraviolet observations from Chandra, Spitzer, GALEX and 2MASS archives, the authors studied populations of high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) in a sample of 29 nearby star-forming galaxies and their relation with the star formation rate (SFR). In agreement with previous results, the authors find that HMXBs are a good tracer of the recent star formation activity in the host galaxy and their collective luminosity and number scale with the SFR, in particular, L<sub>X</sub> ~ 2.6 x 10<sup>39</sup> x SFR. However, the scaling relations still bear a rather large dispersion of rms ~ 0.4 dex, which the authors believe is of a physical origin. This table contains the catalog of 1055 compact X-ray sources detected within the D25 ellipse for galaxies of this sample which the authors used to construct the average X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of HMXBs with substantially improved statistical accuracy and better control of systematic effects than achieved in previous studies. The XLF follows a power law with slope of 1.6 in the log(L<sub>X</sub>) ~ 35 - 40 luminosity range with a moderately significant evidence for a break or cut-off at L<sub>X</sub> ~ 10<sup>40</sup> erg/s. As before, the authors did not find any features at the Eddington limit for a neutron star or a stellar mass black hole. In their paper, the authors discuss the implications of their results for the theory of binary evolution. In particular, they estimate the fraction of compact objects that once during their lifetime experienced an X-ray active phase powered by accretion from a high mass companion and obtain a rather large number, f<sub>X</sub> ~ 0.2 x (0.1 Myr/tau<sub>x</sub>), where tau<sub>x</sub> is the life time of the X-ray active phase. This is about 4 orders of magnitude more frequent than in low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). The authors also derive constrains on the mass distribution of the secondary star in HMXBs. Note that, in their paper, the authors estimate that ~ 300 of the 1055 sources are likely to be background AGNs (cosmic X-ray background or CXB sources) and that the majority (<~ 700) of the remaining ~ 750 sources are young HMXB systems associated with star formation in their host galaxies. This table was created by the HEASARC in March 2012 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/MNRAS/419/2095">CDS Catalog J/MNRAS/419/2095</a> file hmxb.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/trifidcxo
- Title:
- Trifid Nebula (M 20) Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
- Short Name:
- TRIFIDCXO
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- This table contains a list of the Trifid Nebula (M 20) X-Ray point sources detected by the Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) in an observation carried out on 2002 June 13. The Trifid Nebula, a young star-forming H II region, was observed for 16 hr by the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer imaging array, ACIS-I, detector. 304 X-ray sources were detected, 30% of which are hard sources (defined as those sources having a 0.5-2.0 keV to 2.0-8.0 keV hardness ratio > -0.2) and 70% of which have near-infrared counterparts. This table was created by the HEASARC in January 2007 based on CDS table J/ApJ/607/904/table1.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/gc47tuccxo
- Title:
- 47 Tuc Globular Cluster Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog (2005 Version)
- Short Name:
- GC47TUCCXO
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The authors have detected 300 X-ray sources within the half-mass radius (2.79') of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae in a deep (281 ks) Chandra exposure. They perform photometry and simple spectral fitting for our detected sources and construct luminosity functions, X-ray color-magnitude, and color-color diagrams. Eighty-seven X-ray sources show variability on timescales from hours to years. Thirty-one of the new X-ray sources are identified with chromospherically active binaries from the catalogs of Albrow and coworkers (2001, <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJ/559/1060">CDS Catalog <J/ApJ/559/1060></a>). The authors estimate that the total number of neutron stars in 47 Tuc is of order 300, reducing the discrepancy between theoretical neutron star retention rates and observed neutron star populations in globular clusters. The data used in this paper are from the 2000 and 2002 Chandra observations of the globular cluster 47 Tuc. The 2000 observations, initially described in Grindlay et al. (2001, Science 292, 2290), were performed with the ACIS-I CCD array at the telescope focus, while the 2002 observations placed the back-illuminated ACIS-S aim point at the focus for maximum low-energy sensitivity. The authors combined the results from wavdetect source detection runs with a threshold probability of 1 x 10<sup>-5</sup>, in two energy bands (0.5 - 2.0 keV and 0.5 - 6.0 keV for the 2000 observations, and (0.3 - 2.0 keV and 0.3 - 6.0 keV for the 2002 observations), to make independent source lists for the 2000 and 2002 observations, given in Tables 2 and 3 of the reference paper, which have been combined in the present HEASARC table. A total of 146 sources were detected in this way in the 2000 observations (entries with dataset_year = 2000), while 300 sources were detected in the 2002 observations (dataset_year = 2002). A total of 143 of the sources were clearly detected in both observations, while only three of the sources from the 2000 observations were not detected in the 2002 observations. See also the related <a href="gc47tuccx2.html">2017 source catalog</a>. This table was created by the HEASARC in June 2007 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJ/625/796">CDS Catalog J/ApJ/625/796</a> files table2.dat, table3.dat, and (part of) table5.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/gc47tuccx2
- Title:
- 47 Tuc Globular Cluster Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog (2017 Version)
- Short Name:
- GC47TUCCX2
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The authors combined Chandra ACIS observations of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae (47 Tuc) from 2000, 2002, and 2014-2015 to create a deeper X-ray source list and study some of the faint radio millisecond pulsars (MSPs) present in this cluster. This work combined 180 ks of new Chandra ACIS data on 47 Tuc with 370 ks of archival data and used improved algorithms to generate a new source catalog, finding 81 new sources for a total of 370 within the half-mass region (2.79 arcsec) of the cluster. The majority of the newly identified sources are in the crowded core region, indicating cluster membership. The authors associated five of the new X-ray sources with chromospherically active BY Dra or W UMa variables identified by Albrow et al. (2001, <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJ/559/1060">CDS Cat. <J/ApJ/559/1060></a>). See also the related <a href="gc47tuccxo.html">2005 source catalog</a>. This table was created by the HEASARC in September 2020 based upon the <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/MNRAS/472/3706">CDS Catalog J/MNRAS/472/3706</a> files table2.dat, table4.dat, and table5.dat. The optical names from Albrow et al. (2001) were subsequently corrected in October 2020 in order to use the recommendation from the CDS Dictionary of Nomenclature of Celestial Objects. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/ulxngcat
- Title:
- Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources in Nearby Galaxies Catalog
- Short Name:
- ULXNGCAT
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- One hundred and seven ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with 0.3-10.0 keV luminosities in excess of 10<sup>39</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup> are identified in a complete sample of 127 nearby galaxies. The sample includes all galaxies within 14.5 Mpc above the completeness limits of both the Uppsala Galaxy Catalogue and the Infrared Astronomical Satellite survey. The galaxy sample spans all Hubble types, a four-decade range in mass, 7.5 < log (M/M<sub>sun</sub>) < 11.4, and in star formation rate, 0.0002 < SFR(M<sub>sun</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup>) <= 3.6. ULXs are detected in this sample at rates of one per 3.2 x 10<sup>10</sup> M<sub>sun</sub>, one per ~0.5 M<sub>sun</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup> star formation rate, and one per 57 Mpc<sup>3</sup> corresponding to a luminosity density of ~2 x 10<sup>37</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup> Mpc<sup>-3</sup>. At these rates, the authors estimate as many as 19 additional ULXs remain undetected in fainter dwarf galaxies within the survey volume. An estimated 14 objects, or 13%, of the 107 ULX candidates are expected to be background sources. The differential ULX luminosity function shows a power-law slope alpha ~ -0.8 to -2.0 with an exponential cutoff at ~20 x 10<sup>39</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup> with precise values depending on the model and on whether the ULX luminosities are estimated from their observed numbers of counts or, for a subset of candidates, from their spectral shapes. Extrapolating the observed luminosity function predicts at most one very luminous ULX, L<sub>X</sub> ~ 10<sup>41</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup>, within a distance as small as 100 Mpc. The luminosity distribution of ULXs within the local universe cannot account for the recent claims of luminosities in excess of 2 x 10<sup>41</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup>, requiring a new population class to explain these extreme objects. This table was created by the HEASARC in November 2011 based on an electronic version of Table 1 from the reference paper that was obtained from the ApJ web site. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/wd1cxo
- Title:
- Westerlund 1 Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
- Short Name:
- WD1CXO
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The nature of the X-ray point source population within the young massive cluster Westerlund 1 (Wd 1) is investigated. Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) observations were used to determine the X-ray properties of emitters within Wd 1, while a comprehensive multi-wavelength dataset was employed to constrain their nature. Wd 1 (l=339.5, b=-0.4) was observed with the CXO Advanced CCD Spectrometer Spectroscopic array on 2005 May 22 for 18 ks (sequence 6283) and 2005 June 20 for 42 ks (sequence 5411). 241 sources were found above a sensitivity threshold that corresponded to a 10<sup>-6</sup> chance per PSF element of detecting a spurious source. X-ray emission from a multitude of different stellar sources within Wd 1, including both evolved high mass and low-mass pre-MS stars, is found. This table was created by the HEASARC in May 2008 based on CDS table J/A+A/477/147 files table1.dat and table3.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/w40sfrcxo
- Title:
- W 40 Star-Forming Region Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
- Short Name:
- W40SFRCXO
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The young stellar cluster illuminating the W40 H II region, one of the nearest massive star-forming regions (SFRs), has been observed with the ACIS detector on board the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Due to its high obscuration, this is a poorly studied stellar cluster with only a handful of bright stars visible in the optical band, including three OB stars identified as primary excitation sources. The authors detect 225 X-ray sources, of which 85% are confidently identified as young stellar members of the region. Two potential distances of the cluster, 260 pc and 600 pc, are used in the paper. Supposing the X-ray luminosity function of SFRs to be universal, it supports a 600 pc distance as a lower limit for W40 and a total population of at least 600 stars down to 0.1 M<sub>sun</sub> under the assumption of a coeval population with a uniform obscuration. In fact, there is strong spatial variation in K<sub>s</sub>-band-excess disk fraction and non-uniform obscuration due to a dust lane that is identified in absorption in optical, infrared, and X-ray. The dust lane is likely part of a ring of material which includes the molecular core within W40. In contrast to the likely ongoing star formation in the dust lane, the molecular core is inactive. The star cluster has a spherical morphology, an isothermal sphere density profile, and mass segregation down to 1.5 M<sub>sun</sub>. However, other cluster properties, including a <= 1 Myr age estimate and ongoing star formation, indicate that the cluster is not dynamically relaxed. X-ray diffuse emission and a powerful flare from a young stellar object are also reported in the reference paper. This table was created by the HEASARC in March 2011 based on electronic versions of Tables, 1, 2 and 4 of the reference paper which were obtained from the ApJ web site. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/xbootesoid
- Title:
- XBOOTES:NDWFSBootesFieldOptical&NearIRCounterparts
- Short Name:
- XBOOTESOID
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The XBootes Survey is a 5 ks Chandra survey of the Bootes Field of the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey (NDWFS). This survey is unique in that it is the largest (9.3 square degrees) contiguous region imaged in X-ray with complementary deep optical and near-infrared (near-IR) observations. The authors present a catalog of the optical counterparts to the 3213 X-ray point sources detected in the XBootes survey. Using a Bayesian identification scheme, they successfully identified optical counterparts for 98% of the X-ray point sources. The optical colors suggest that the optically detected galaxies are a combination of z < 1 massive early-type galaxies and bluer star-forming galaxies whose optical AGN emission is faint or obscured, whereas the majority of the optically detected point sources are likely quasars over a large redshift range. This large-area, X-ray-bright, optically deep survey enables the authors to select a large subsample of sources (773) with high X-ray to optical flux ratios (f<sub>X</sub>/f<sub>o</sub> > 10). These objects are likely high-redshift and/or dust-obscured AGNs. These sources have generally harder X-ray spectra than sources with 0.1 < f<sub>X</sub>/f<sub>o</sub> < 10. Of the 73 X-ray sources with no optical counterpart in the NDWFS catalog, 47 are truly optically blank down to R ~ 25.5 (the average 50% completeness limit of the NDWFS R-band catalogs). These sources are also likely to be high-redshift and/or dust-obscured AGNs. The 9.3 square degrees region of sky chosen to match the area covered with the NDWFS was observed by ACIS-I on the Chandra X-Ray Observatory over a 2 week time interval in 2003 March and April. The data were taken in 126 separate pointings, each observed for ~ 5 ks. The CIAO 3.0.2 wavelet detection algorithm (wavdetect; Freeman et al. 2002) was used to detect X-ray sources in the total (0.5 - 7.0 keV) band data. A probability threshold of 5 x 10-5 was chosen as the best compromise between maximizing the completeness while minimizing the number of spurious detections. The X-ray catalog comprises 3293 unique X-ray sources with >= 4 counts in the total-band images (Paper II). The authors expect only ~ 35 of these sources to be spurious in the full survey (Paper II). For the matching with cataloged optical counterparts, the authors only considered the 3213 X-ray sources that overlap with the NDWFS area. The authors include all multiply matched sources with >1% probability of being the correct optical counterpart. This table contains the X-ray and optical characteristics of the matched optical/X-ray catalog for the Chandra sources in the XBootes and NDWFS survey, and is Version 1.0, dated 21st June 2005. This table was created in November 2006 by the HEASARC based on the file xbootes_cat_xray_opt_IR_21jun_v1.0.txt obtained from the NOAO ftp area <a href="https://www.noao.edu/noao/noaodeep/XBootesPublic/">https://www.noao.edu/noao/noaodeep/XBootesPublic/</a>. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .