- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/652/A25
- Title:
- Abundance-age relations with open clusters
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/652/A25
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Precise chemical abundances coupled with reliable ages are key ingredients to understand the chemical history of our Galaxy. Open Clusters (OCs) are useful for this purpose because they provide ages with good precision. The aim of this work is to investigate the relations of different chemical abundance ratios vs age traced by red clump (RC) stars in OCs. We analyze a large sample of "NGoodstars" reliable members in "NClusters" OCs with available high-resolution spectroscopy. We applied a differential line-by-line analysis to provide a comprehensive chemical study of "NElements" chemical species. This sample is among the largest samples of OCs homogeneously characterized in terms of atmospheric parameters, detailed chemistry, and ages. In our metallicity range (-0.2<[M/H]<+0.2) we find that while most Fe-peak and {alpha} elements have flat dependence with age, the s-process elements show decreasing trends with increasing age with a remarkable knee at 1Gyr. For Ba, Ce, Y, Mo and Zr we find a plateau at young ages (<1Gyr). We investigate the relations of all possible combinations among the computed chemical species with age. We find 19 combinations with significant slopes, including [Y/Mg] and [Y/Al]. The ratio [Ba/{alpha}] is the one with the most significant correlations found. We find that the [Y/Mg] relation found in the literature using Solar twins is compatible with the one found here in the Solar neighbourhood. The age-abundance relations show larger scatter for clusters at large distances (d>1kpc) than for the Solar neighbourhood, particularly in the outer disk. We conclude that these relations need to be understood also in terms of the complexity of the chemical space introduced by the Galactic dynamics, on top of pure nucleosynthetic arguments, especially out of the local bubble.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/619/A178
- Title:
- Abundance analysis of 4 red giants in NGC 6558
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/619/A178
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- NGC 6558 is a bulge globular cluster with a blue horizontal branch (BHB), combined with a metallicity of [Fe/H]~-1.0. It is similar to HP 1 and NGC 6522, which could be among the oldest objects in the Galaxy. Element abundances in these clusters could reveal the nature of the first supernovae. We aim to carry out detailed spectroscopic analysis for four red giants of NGC 6558, in order to derive the abundances of the light elements C, N, O, Na, Al, the {alpha}-elements Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, and the heavy elements Y, Ba, and Eu. High-resolution spectra of four stars with FLAMES-UVES@VLT UT2-Kueyen were analysed. Spectroscopic parameter-derivation was based on excitation and ionization equilibrium of FeI and FeII. This analysis results in a metallicity of [Fe/H]=-1.17+/-0.10 for NGC 6558. We find the expected {alpha}-element enhancements in O and Mg with [O/Fe]=+0.40, [Mg/Fe]=+0.33, and low enhancements in Si and Ca. Ti has a moderate enhancement of [Ti/Fe]=+0.22. The r-element Eu appears very enhanced with a mean value of [Eu/Fe]=+0.63. The first peak s-elements Y and Sr are also enhanced, these results have however to be treated with caution, given the uncertainties in the continuum definition; the use of neutral species (Sr I, YI), instead of the dominant ionized species is another source of uncertainty. Ba appears to have a solar abundance ratio relative to Fe. NGC 6558 shows an abundance pattern that could be typical of the oldest inner bulge globular clusters, together with the pattern in the similar clusters NGC 6522 and HP 1. They show low abundances of the odd-Z elements Na and Al, and of the explosive nucleosynthesis {alpha}-elements Si, Ca, and Ti. The hydrostatic burning {alpha}-elements O and Mg are normally enhanced as expected in old stars enriched with yields from core-collapse supernovae, and the iron-peak elements Mn, Cu, Zn show low abundances, which is expected forMn and Cu, but not for Zn. Finally, the cluster trio NGC 6558, NGC 6522 and HP 1 have relatively high abundances of first-peak heavy elements, variable second-peak element Ba, and the r-element Eu is enhanced. The latter is particularly high in NGC 6558.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/900/4
- Title:
- Abundances and ages of stars in the Milky Way bulge
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/900/4
- Date:
- 14 Mar 2022 07:37:10
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The age and chemical characteristics of the Galactic bulge link to the formation and evolutionary history of the Galaxy. Data-driven methods and large surveys enable stellar ages and precision chemical abundances to be determined for vast regions of the Milky Way, including the bulge. Here, we use the data-driven approach of The Cannon, to infer the ages and abundances for 125367 stars in the Milky Way, using spectra from Apache Point Observatory Galaxy Evolution Experiment (apogee) DR14. We examine the ages and metallicities of 1654 bulge stars within R_GAL_<3.5kpc. We focus on fields with b<12{deg}, and out to longitudes of l<15{deg}. We see that stars in the bulge are about twice as old ({tau}=8Gyr), on average, compared to those in the solar neighborhood ({tau}=4Gyr), with a larger dispersion in [Fe/H] (~0.38 compared to 0.23dex). This age gradient comes primarily from the low-{alpha} stars. Looking along the Galactic plane, the very central field in the bulge shows by far the largest dispersion in [Fe/H] ({sigma}[Fe/H]~0.4dex) and line-of- sight velocity ({sigma}vr~90km/s), and simultaneously the smallest dispersion in age. Moving out in longitude, the stars become kinematically colder and less dispersed in [Fe/H], but show a much broader range of ages. We see a signature of the X-shape within the bulge at a latitude of b=8{deg}, but not at b=12{deg}. Future apogee and other survey data, with larger sampling, affords the opportunity to extend our approach and study in more detail, to place stronger constraints on models of the Milky Way.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/152/21
- Title:
- Abundances for red giants in NGC 6342 and NGC 6366
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/152/21
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present radial velocities and chemical abundances for red giant branch stars in the Galactic bulge globular clusters NGC6342 and NGC6366. The velocities and abundances are based on measurements of high-resolution (R>~20000) spectra obtained with the MMT-Hectochelle and WIYN-Hydra spectrographs. We find that NGC6342 has a heliocentric radial velocity of +112.5km/s ({sigma}=8.6km/s), NGC6366 has a heliocentric radial velocity of -122.3km/s ({sigma}=1.5km/s), and both clusters have nearly identical metallicities ([Fe/H]~-0.55). NGC6366 shows evidence of a moderately extended O-Na anti-correlation, but more data are needed for NGC6342 to determine if this cluster also exhibits the typical O-Na relation likely found in all other Galactic globular clusters. The two clusters are distinguished from similar metallicity field stars as having larger [Na/Fe] spreads and enhanced [La/Fe] ratios, but we find that NGC6342 and NGC6366 display {alpha} and Fe-peak element abundance patterns that are typical of other metal-rich ([Fe/H]>-1) inner Galaxy clusters. However, the median [La/Fe] abundance may vary from cluster-to-cluster.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AZh/93/49
- Title:
- Abundances in Galactic open clusters
- Short Name:
- J/AZh/93/49
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A catalog compiling the parameters of 346 open clusters, including their metallicities, positions, ages, and velocities has been composed. The elements of the Galactic orbits for 272 of the clusters have been calculated. Spectroscopic determinations of the relative abundances, [el/Fe], for 14 elements synthesized in various nuclear processes averaged over data from 109 publications are presented for 90 clusters. The compiled data indicate that the relative abundances of primary {alpha} elements (oxygen and magnesium) exhibit different dependences on metallicity, age, Galactocentric distance, and the elements of the Galactic orbits in clusters with high, elongated orbits satisfying the criterion (Z_max_^2^+4e^2^)^1/2^>0.40 and in field stars of the Galactic thin disk (Zmax is the maximum distance of the orbit from the Galactic plane in kiloparsec and e is the eccentricity of the Galactic orbit). Since no systematic effects distorting the relative abundances of the studied elements in these clusters have been found, these difference suggest real differences between clusters with high, elongated orbits and field stars. In particular, this supports the earlier conclusion, based on an analysis of the elements of the Galactic orbits, that some clusters formed as a result of interactions between high-velocity,metal-poor clouds and the interstellar medium of the Galactic thin disk. On average, clusters with high, elongated orbits and metallicities [Fe/H]<-0.1 display lower relative abundances of the primary {alpha} elements than do field stars. The low [O, Mg/Fe] ratios of these clusters can be understood if the high-velocity clouds that gave rise to them were formed of interstellar material from regions where the star-formation rate and/or the masses of Type II supernovae were lower than near the Galactic plane. It is also shown that, on average, the relative abundances of the primary {alpha} elements are higher in relatively metal-rich clusters with high, elongated orbits than in field stars. This can be understood if clusters with [Fe/H]>-0.1 formed as a result of interactions between metal-rich clouds with intermediate velocities and the interstellar medium of the Galactic disk; such clouds could form from returning gas in a so-called "Galactic fountain".
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/191/352
- Title:
- Abundances in stars of Milky Way dwarf satellites
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/191/352
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalog of Fe, Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti abundances for 2961 stars in eight dwarf satellite galaxies of the Milky Way (MW): Sculptor, Fornax, Leo I, Sextans, Leo II, Canes Venatici I, Ursa Minor, and Draco. For the purposes of validating our measurements, we also observed 445 red giants in MW globular clusters and 21 field red giants in the MW halo. The measurements are based on Keck/DEIMOS medium-resolution spectroscopy (MRS) combined with spectral synthesis. We estimate uncertainties in [Fe/H] by quantifying the dispersion of [Fe/H] measurements in a sample of stars in monometallic globular clusters (GCs). We estimate uncertainties in Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti abundances by comparing to high-resolution spectroscopic abundances of the same stars. For this purpose, a sample of 132 stars with published high-resolution spectroscopy in GCs, the MW halo field, and dwarf galaxies has been observed with MRS. The standard deviations of the differences in [Fe/H] and <[{alpha}/Fe]> (the average of [Mg/Fe], [Si/Fe], [Ca/Fe], and [Ti/Fe]) between the two samples is 0.15 and 0.16, respectively.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/797/13
- Title:
- Abundances of bright metal-poor stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/797/13
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The chemical abundances of large samples of extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars can be used to investigate metal-free stellar populations, supernovae, and nucleosynthesis as well as the formation and galactic chemical evolution of the Milky Way and its progenitor halos. However, current progress on the study of EMP stars is being limited by their faint apparent magnitudes. The acquisition of high signal-to-noise spectra for faint EMP stars requires a major telescope time commitment, making the construction of large samples of EMP star abundances prohibitively expensive. We have developed a new, efficient selection that uses only public, all-sky APASS optical, 2MASS near-infrared, and WISE mid-infrared photometry to identify bright metal-poor star candidates through their lack of molecular absorption near 4.6 microns.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/148/67
- Title:
- Abundances of 156 bulge red giants
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/148/67
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present radial velocities and chemical abundances of O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu for a sample of 156 red giant branch stars in two Galactic bulge fields centered near (l,b)=(+5.25,-3.02) and (0,-12). The (+5.25,-3.02) field also includes observations of the bulge globular cluster NGC 6553. The results are based on high-resolution (R~20000), high signal-to-noise ration (S/N>~70) FLAMES-GIRAFFE spectra obtained through the European Southern Observatory archive. However, we only selected a subset of the original observations that included spectra with both high S/N and that did not show strong TiO absorption bands. This work extends previous analyses of this data set beyond Fe and the {alpha}-elements Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti. While we find reasonable agreement with past work, the data presented here indicate that the bulge may exhibit a different chemical composition than the local thick disk, especially at [Fe/H]>~-0.5. In particular, the bulge [{alpha}/Fe] ratios may remain enhanced to a slightly higher [Fe/H] than the thick disk, and the Fe-peak elements Co, Ni, and Cu appear enhanced compared to the disk. There is also some evidence that the [Na/Fe] (but not [Al/Fe]) trends between the bulge and local disk may be different at low and high metallicity. We also find that the velocity dispersion decreases as a function of increasing [Fe/H] for both fields, and do not detect any significant cold, high-velocity populations. A comparison with chemical enrichment models indicates that a significant fraction of hypernovae may be required to explain the bulge abundance trends, and that initial mass functions that are steep, top-heavy (and do not include strong outflow), or truncated to avoid including contributions from stars >40M_{sun}_ are ruled out, in particular because of disagreement with the Fe-peak abundance data. For most elements, the NGC 6553 stars exhibit abundance trends nearly identical to comparable metallicity bulge field stars. However, the star-to-star scatter and mean [Na/Fe] ratios appear higher in the cluster, perhaps indicating additional self-enrichment.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/732/108
- Title:
- Abundances of 92 giants in Plaut's window
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/732/108
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Fe, Si, and Ca abundances for 61 giants in Plaut's window (l=-1{deg}, b=-8.5{deg}) and Fe abundances for an additional 31 giants in a second, nearby field (l=0{deg}, b=-8{deg}) derived from high-resolution (R~25000) spectra obtained with the Blanco 4m telescope and Hydra multifiber spectrograph. The median metallicity of red giant branch (RGB) stars in the Plaut's field is ~0.4dex lower than those in Baade's window, and confirms the presence of an iron abundance gradient along the bulge minor axis. The full metallicity range of our (biased) RGB sample spans -1.5<[Fe/H]<+0.3, which is similar to that found in other bulge fields. We also derive a photometric metallicity distribution function for RGB stars in the (l=-1{deg}, b=-8.5{deg}) field and find very good agreement with the spectroscopic metallicity distribution. The radial velocity (RV) and dispersion data for the bulge RGB stars are in agreement with previous results of the Bulge Radial Velocity Assay survey, and we find evidence for a decreasing velocity dispersion with increasing [Fe/H]. The [{alpha}/Fe] enhancement in Plaut field stars is nearly identical to that observed in Baade's window, and suggests that an [{alpha}/Fe] gradient does not exist between b=-4{deg} and -8{deg}. Additionally, a subset of our sample (23 stars) appears to be foreground red clump stars that are very metal rich, exhibit small metallicity and RV dispersions, and are enhanced in {alpha} elements. While these stars likely belong to the Galactic inner disk population, they exhibit [{alpha}/Fe] ratios that are enhanced above the thin and thick disk.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/160/173
- Title:
- Abundances of metal-poor stars in the Inner Bulge
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/160/173
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The bulge is the oldest component of the Milky Way. Since numerous simulations of Milky Way formation have predicted that the oldest stars at a given metallicity are found on tightly bound orbits, the Galaxy's oldest stars are likely metal-poor stars in the inner bulge with small apocenters (i.e., Rapo <~4kpc). In the past, stars with these properties have been impossible to find due to extreme reddening and extinction along the line of sight to the inner bulge. We have used the mid-infrared metal-poor star selection of Schlaufman & Casey (2014) on Spitzer/Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire data to overcome these problems and target candidate inner bulge metal-poor giants for moderate-resolution spectroscopy with Anglo-Australian Telescope/AAOmega. We used those data to select three confirmed metal-poor giants ([Fe/H]=-3.15, -2.56, -2.03) for follow-up high-resolution Magellan/Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectroscopy. A comprehensive orbit analysis using Gaia DR2 astrometry and our measured radial velocities confirms that these stars are tightly bound inner bulge stars. We determine the elemental abundances of each star and find high titanium and iron-peak abundances relative to iron in our most metal-poor star. We propose that the distinct abundance signature we detect is a product of nucleosynthesis in the Chandrasekhar-mass thermonuclear supernova of a CO white dwarf accreting from a helium star with a delay time of about 10Myr. Even though chemical evolution is expected to occur quickly in the bulge, the intense star formation in the core of the nascent Milky Way was apparently able to produce at least one Chandrasekhar-mass thermonuclear supernova progenitor before chemical evolution advanced beyond [Fe/H]~-3.
