- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/138/517
- Title:
- CaII spectroscopy of SMC red giants
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/138/517
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have obtained near-infrared spectra covering the CaII triplet lines for a large number of stars associated with 16 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) clusters using the VLT + FORS2. These data compose the largest available sample of SMC clusters with spectroscopically derived abundances and velocities. Our clusters span a wide range of ages and provide good areal coverage of the galaxy.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/149/154
- Title:
- CaII spectroscopy of SMC red giants. III.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/149/154
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We obtained spectra of red giants in 15 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) clusters in the region of the CaII lines with FORS2 on the Very Large Telescope. We determined the mean metallicity and radial velocity with mean errors of 0.05dex and 2.6km/s, respectively, from a mean of 6.5 members per cluster. One cluster (B113) was too young for a reliable metallicity determination and was excluded from the sample. We combined the sample studied here with 15 clusters previously studied by us using the same technique, and with 7 clusters whose metallicities determined by other authors are on a scale similar to ours. This compilation of 36 clusters is the largest SMC cluster sample currently available with accurate and homogeneously determined metallicities. We found a high probability that the metallicity distribution is bimodal, with potential peaks at -1.1 and -0.8dex. Our data show no strong evidence of a metallicity gradient in the SMC clusters, somewhat at odds with recent evidence from CaII triplet spectra of a large sample of field stars. This may be revealing possible differences in the chemical history of clusters and field stars. Our clusters show a significant dispersion of metallicities, whatever age is considered, which could be reflecting the lack of a unique age-metallicity relation in this galaxy. None of the chemical evolution models currently available in the literature satisfactorily represents the global chemical enrichment processes of SMC clusters.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/152/58
- Title:
- CaII spectroscopy of SMC red giants. IV.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/152/58
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This paper represents a major step forward in the systematic and homogeneous study of Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) star clusters and field stars carried out by applying the calcium triplet technique. We present in this work the radial velocity and metallicity of approximately 400 red giant stars in 15 SMC fields, with typical errors of about 7km/s and 0.16dex, respectively. We added to this information our previously determined metallicity values for 29 clusters and approximately 350 field stars using the identical techniques. Using this enlarged sample, we analyze the metallicity distribution and gradient in this galaxy. We also compare the chemical properties of the clusters and of their surrounding fields. We find a number of surprising results. While the clusters, taken as a whole, show no strong evidence for a metallicity gradient (MG), the field stars exhibit a clear negative gradient in the inner region of the SMC, consistent with the recent results of Dobbie et al. For distances to the center of the galaxy less than 4{deg}, field stars show a considerably smaller metallicity dispersion than that of the clusters. However, in the external SMC regions, clusters and field stars exhibit similar metallicity dispersions. Moreover, in the inner region of the SMC, clusters appear to be concentrated in two groups: one more metal-poor and another more metal-rich than field stars. Individually considered, neither cluster group presents an MG. Most surprisingly, the MG for both stellar populations (clusters and field stars) appears to reverse sign in the outer regions of the SMC. The difference between the cluster metallicity and the mean metallicity of the surrounding field stars turns out to be a strong function of the cluster metallicity. These results could be indicating different chemical evolution histories for these two SMC stellar populations. They could also indicate variations in the chemical behavior of the SMC in its internal and external regions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/563/A76
- Title:
- CaII triplet equivalent widths in 30 globulars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/563/A76
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- When they are established with sufficient precision, the ages, metallicities and kinematics of Galactic globular clusters (GGCs) can shed much light on the dynamical and chemical evolution of the Galactic halo and bulge. While the most fundamental way of determining GC abundances is by mean high-resolution spectroscopy, in practice this method is limited to only the brighter stars in the nearest and less reddened objects. This restriction has, over the years, led to the development of a large number of techniques that measure the overall abundance indirectly from parameters that correlate with overall metallicity. One of the most efficient methods is measuring of the equivalent width (EW) of the calcium II triplet (CaT) at {lambda}~~8500{AA} in red giants, which are corrected for the luminosity and temperature effects using the V magnitude differences from the horizontal branch (HB). We establish a similar method in the near-infrared (NIR), by combining the power of the differential magnitudes technique with the advantages of NIR photometry to minimize differential reddening effects. We used the Ks magnitude difference between the star and the reddest part of the HB (RHB) or of the red clump (RC) to generate reduced equivalent widths (rEW) from the previously presented datasets. Then we calibrated these rEW against three previously reported different metallicity scales; one of which we corrected using high-resolution spectroscopic metallicities.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/455/199
- Title:
- CaII triplet in red giant spectra
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/455/199
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Measurements are presented and analysed of the strength of the CaII triplet lines in red giants in Galactic globular and open clusters, and in a sample of red giants in the LMC disc that have significantly different [Ca/Fe] abundance ratios to the Galactic objects. The Galactic objects are used to generate a calibration between CaII triplet line strength and [Fe/H], which is then used to estimate [Fe/H]CaT for the LMC stars. The values are then compared with the [Fe/H]spec determinations from high-dispersion spectroscopy. After allowance for a small systematic offset, the two abundance determinations are in excellent agreement. Further, as found in earlier studies, the difference is only a very weak function of the [Ca/Fe] ratio. For example, changing [Ca/Fe] from +0.3 to -0.2 causes the CaII-based abundance to underestimate [Fe/H]spec by only ~0.15dex, assuming a Galactic calibration. Consequently, the CaII triplet approach to metallicity determinations can be used without significant bias to study stellar systems that have substantially different chemical evolution histories.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/411/1013
- Title:
- CaII triplet in Sextans dSph galaxy
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/411/1013
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use Very Large Telescope (VLT)/Fibre Large Array Multi Element Spectrograph (FLAMES) intermediate-resolution (R~6500) spectra of individual red giant branch stars in the near-infrared Ca ii triplet (CaT) region to investigate the wide-area metallicity properties and internal kinematics of the Sextans dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph). Our final sample consists of 174 probable members of Sextans with accurate line-of-sight velocities (+/-2km/s) and CaT [Fe/H] measurements (+/-0.2dex).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/383/183
- Title:
- CaII triplet of RGB from VLT/FLAMES obs.
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/383/183
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We demonstrate that low-resolution CaII triplet (CaT) spectroscopic estimates of the overall metallicity ([Fe/H]) of individual red giant branch (RGB) stars in two nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) agree to +/-0.1-0.2dex with detailed high-resolution spectroscopic determinations for the same stars over the range -2.5<[Fe/H]<-0.5. For this study, we used a sample of 129 stars observed in low- and high-resolution modes with VLT/FLAMES in the Sculptor and Fornax dSphs. We also present the data-reduction steps we used in our low-resolution analysis and show that the typical accuracy of our velocity and CaT [Fe/H] measurement is ~2km/s and 0.1dex, respectively. We conclude that CaT[Fe/H] relations calibrated on globular clusters can be applied with confidence to RGB stars in composite stellar populations over the range -2.5<[Fe/H]<-0.5.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/130/2666
- Title:
- Ca4227 indices in early-type galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/130/2666
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have investigated the abundance of calcium in early-type galaxies by measuring the strength of the CaI {lambda}4227 absorption line in their integrated spectra. The database used is the large sample of early-type galaxy integrated spectra in Caldwell and coworkers (2003AJ....125.2891C). We have measured Ca abundances from the CaI {lambda}4227 feature both by using the Lick Ca4227 index and by defining a new index, Ca4227_r_, that avoids the CN4216 molecular band in the continuum on the blueward side of the line.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/542/A83
- Title:
- CAIXA. II. AGNs from excess variance analysis
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/542/A83
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report on the results of the first XMM-Newton systematic "excess variance" study of all the radio quiet, X-ray unobscured AGN. The entire sample consist of 161 sources observed by XMM-Newton for more than 10ks in pointed observations, which is the largest sample used so far to study AGN X-ray variability on time scales less than a day. Recently it has been suggested that the same engine might be at work in the core of every Black Hole (BH) accreting object. In this hypothesis, the same variability should be observed in all AGN, once rescaled by the MBH (MBH) and accretion rate (dm/dt). We systematically compute the excess variance for all AGN, on different time-scales (10, 20, 40 and 80ks) and in different energy bands (0.3-0.7, 0.7-2 and 2-10keV).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/133/119
- Title:
- Calan-ESO proper-motion catalog
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/133/119
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Calan-ESO Proper-Motion Catalog (CE Catalog) contains 542 stars with proper motions >=0.2"/yr, identified in 14 ESO areas in the southern hemisphere. Proper motions were measured from red IIIa-F plates taken 6-16yr apart. Comparing the CE catalog with the Luyten and the Luyten half-second catalogs, we find that both suffer from incompleteness, which is particularly serious (<~40% complete) for m_R_>~13, where many of the astrophysically interesting object can be found. Proper motions, coordinates, estimated magnitudes, and finding charts for all objects in the catalog are provided
