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31. Rotation in RGBs from Kepler asteroseismology
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/616/A24
Title:
Rotation in RGBs from Kepler asteroseismology
Short Name:
J/A+A/616/A24
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Asteroseismology allows us to probe stellar interiors. In the case of red giant stars, conditions in the stellar interior are such as to allow for the existence of mixed modes, consisting in a coupling between gravity waves in the radiative interior and pressure waves in the convective envelope. Mixed modes can thus be used to probe the physical conditions in red giant cores. However, we still need to identify the physical mechanisms that transport angular momentum inside red giants, leading to the slow-down observed for red giant core rotation. Thus large-scale measurements of red giant core rotation are of prime importance to obtain tighter constraints on the efficiency of the internal angular momentum transport, and to study how this efficiency changes with stellar parameters. This work aims at identifying the components of the rotational multiplets for dipole mixed modes in a large number of red giant oscillation spectra observed by Kepler. Such identification provides us with a direct measurement of the red giant mean core rotation. We compute stretched spectra that mimic the regular pattern of pure dipole gravity modes. Mixed modes with the same azimuthal order are expected to be almost equally spaced in stretched period, with a spacing equal to the pure dipole gravity mode period spacing. The departure from this regular pattern allows us to disentangle the various rotational components and therefore to determine the mean core rotation rates of red giants. We automatically identify the rotational multiplet components of 1183 stars on the red giant branch with a success rate of 69 per cent with respect to our initial sample. As no information on the internal rotation can be deduced for stars seen pole-on, we obtain mean core rotation measurements for 875 red giant branch stars. This large sample includes stars with a mass as large as 2.5 solar masses, allowing us to test the dependence of the core slow-down rate on the stellar mass. Disentangling rotational splittings from mixed modes is now possible in an automated way for stars on the red giant branch, even for the most complicated cases, where the rotational splittings exceed half the mixed-mode spacing. This work on a large sample allows us to refine previous measurements of the evolution of the mean core rotation on the red giant branch. Rather than a slight slow-down, our results suggest rotation is constant along the red giant branch, with values independent of the mass.
32. Seismic global parameters of 2103 KIC
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/650/A115
Title:
Seismic global parameters of 2103 KIC
Short Name:
J/A+A/650/A115
Date:
22 Feb 2022
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The space-borne missions CoRoT and Kepler opened up a new opportunity for better understanding stellar evolution by probing stellar interiors with unrivalled high-precision photometric data. Kepler has observed stellar oscillation for four years, which gave access to excellent frequency resolution that enables deciphering the oscillation spectrum of evolved red giant branch and asymptotic giant branch stars. The internal structure of stars in the upper parts of the red and asymptotic giant branches is poorly constrained, which makes the distinction between red and asymptotic giants difficult. We perform a thorough seismic analysis to address the physical conditions inside these stars and to distinguish them. We took advantage of what we have learnt from less evolved stars. We studied the oscillation mode properties of ~2000 evolved giants in a model described by the asymptotic pressure-mode pattern of red giants, which includes the signature of the helium second-ionisation zone. Mode identification was performed with a maximum cross-correlation method. Then, the modes were fitted with Lorentzian functions following a maximum likelihood estimator technique. We derive a large set of seismic parameters of evolved red and asymptotic giants. We extracted the mode properties up to the degree l=3 and investigated their dependence on stellar mass, metallicity, and evolutionary status. We identify a clear difference in the signature of the helium second-ionisation zone between red and asymptotic giants. We also detect a clear shortage of the energy of l=1 modes after the core-He-burning phase. Furthermore, we note that the mode damping observed on the asymptotic giant branch is similar to that observed on the red giant branch. We highlight that the signature of the helium second-ionisation zone varies with stellar evolution. This provides us with a physical basis for distinguishing red giant branch stars from asymptotic giants. Here, our investigation of stellar oscillations allows us to constrain the physical processes and the key events that occur during the advanced stages of stellar evolution, with emphasis on the ascent along the asymptotic giant branch, including the asymptotic giant branch bump.
33. Spectral significance for 15 delta Scuti
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/614/A40
Title:
Spectral significance for 15 delta Scuti
Short Name:
J/A+A/614/A40
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
It is known that the observed distribution of frequencies in CoRoT and Kepler {delta} Scuti stars has no parallelism with any theoretical model. Pre-whitening is a widespread technique in the analysis of time series with gaps from pulsating stars located in the classical instability strip such as {delta} Scuti stars. However, some studies have pointed out that this technique might introduce biases in the results of the frequency analysis. This work aims at studying the biases that can result from pre-whitening in asteroseismology. The results will depend on the intrinsic range and distribution of frequencies of the stars. The periodic nature of the gaps in CoRoT observations, just in the range of the pulsational frequency content of the {delta} Scuti stars, is shown to be crucial to determine their oscillation frequencies, the first step to perform asteroseismology of these objects. Hence, here we focus on the impact of pre-whitening on the asteroseismic characterization of {delta} Scuti stars. We select a sample of 15 {delta} Scuti stars observed by the CoRoT satellite, for which ultra-high quality photometric data have been obtained by its seismic channel. In order to study the impact on the asteroseismic characterization of {delta} Scuti stars we perform the pre-whitening procedure on three datasets: gapped data, linearly interpolated data, and data with gaps interpolated using Autoregressive and Moving Average models (ARMA). The different results obtained show that at least in some cases pre-whitening is not an efficient procedure for the deconvolution of the spectral window. Therefore, in order to reduce the effect of the spectral window to the minimum it is necessary to interpolate with an algorithm that is aimed to preserve the original frequency content, and not only to perform a pre-whitening of the data.
34. Stellar pulsators in the eclipsing binaries
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/630/A106
Title:
Stellar pulsators in the eclipsing binaries
Short Name:
J/A+A/630/A106
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Eclipsing binaries (EBs) are unique targets for measuring precise stellar properties and can be used to constrain stellar evolution models. In particular, it is possible to measure masses and radii of both components of a double-lined spectroscopic EB at the percent level. Since the advent of high-precision photometric space missions (MOST, CoRoT, Kepler, BRITE, TESS), the use of stellar pulsation properties to infer stellar interiors and dynamics constitutes a revolution for studies of low-mass stars. The Kepler mission has led to the discovery of thousands of classical pulsators such as {delta} Scuti and solar-like oscillators (main sequence and evolved), but also almost 3000 EBs with orbital periods shorter than 1100 days. We report the first systematic search for stellar pulsators in the entire Kepler EB catalog. The focus is mainly aimed at discovering {delta} Scuti, {gamma} Doradus, red giant, and tidally excited pulsators. We developed a data inspection tool (DIT) that automatically produces a series of plots from the Kepler light curves that allows us to visually identify whether stellar oscillations are present in a given time series. We applied the DIT to the whole Kepler EB database and identified 303 systems whose light curves display oscillations, including 163 new discoveries. A total of 149 stars are flagged as {delta} Scuti (100 from this paper), 115 as {gamma} Doradus (69 new), 85 as red giants (27 new), and 59 as tidally excited oscillators (29 new). There is some overlap among these groups, as some display several types of oscillations. Despite the likelihood that many of these systems are false positives, for example, when an EB light curve is blended with a pulsator, this catalog gathers a vast sample of systems that are valuable for a better understanding of stellar evolution.
35. Temporal frequency shifts in 87 Kepler stars
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/237/17
Title:
Temporal frequency shifts in 87 Kepler stars
Short Name:
J/ApJS/237/17
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
In the Sun, the frequencies of the acoustic modes are observed to vary in phase with the magnetic activity level. These frequency variations are expected to be common in solar-type stars and contain information about the activity-related changes that take place in their interiors. The unprecedented duration of Kepler photometric time-series provides a unique opportunity to detect and characterize stellar magnetic cycles through asteroseismology. In this work, we analyze a sample of 87 solar-type stars, measuring their temporal frequency shifts over segments of 90 days. For each segment, the individual frequencies are obtained through a Bayesian peak-bagging tool. The mean frequency shifts are then computed and compared with: (1) those obtained from a cross-correlation method; (2) the variation in the mode heights; (3) a photometric activity proxy; and (4) the characteristic timescale of the granulation. For each star and 90-day sub-series, we provide mean frequency shifts, mode heights, and characteristic timescales of the granulation. Interestingly, more than 60% of the stars show evidence for (quasi-)periodic variations in the frequency shifts. In the majority of the cases, these variations are accompanied by variations in other activity proxies. About 20% of the stars show mode frequencies and heights varying approximately in phase, in opposition to what is observed for the Sun.
36. The Asteroseismic Target List (ATL) for TESS
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/241/12
Title:
The Asteroseismic Target List (ATL) for TESS
Short Name:
J/ApJS/241/12
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present the target list of solar-type stars to be observed in short-cadence (2 minute) for asteroseismology by the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) during its 2 year nominal survey mission. The solar-like Asteroseismic Target List (ATL) is comprised of bright, cool main-sequence and subgiant stars and forms part of the larger target list of the TESS Asteroseismic Science Consortium. The ATL uses the Gaia Data Release 2 and the Extended Hipparcos Compilation (XHIP) to derive fundamental stellar properties, to calculate detection probabilities, and to produce a rank- ordered target list. We provide a detailed description of how the ATL was produced and calculate expected yields for solar-like oscillators based on the nominal photometric performance by TESS. We also provide a publicly available source code that can be used to reproduce the ATL, thereby enabling comparisons of asteroseismic results from TESS with predictions from synthetic stellar populations.
37. Variability of OB stars
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/639/A81
Title:
Variability of OB stars
Short Name:
J/A+A/639/A81
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The lack of high-precision long-term continuous photometric data for large samples of stars has impeded the large-scale exploration of pulsational variability in the OB star regime. As a result, the candidates for in-depth asteroseismic modelling have remained limited to a few dozen dwarfs. The TESS nominal space mission has surveyed the southern sky, including parts of the galactic plane, yielding continuous data across at least 27d for hundreds of OB stars. We aim to couple TESS data in the southern sky with ground-based spectroscopy to study the variability in two dimensions, mass and evolution. We focus mainly on the presence of coherent pulsation modes that may or may not be present in the predicted theoretical instability domains and unravel all frequency behaviour in the amplitude spectra of the TESS data. We compose a sample of 98 OB-type stars observed by TESS in Sectors 1-13 and with available multi-epoch, high-resolution spectroscopy gathered by the IACOB and OWN surveys. We present the short-cadence 2 min light curves of dozens of OB-type stars, which have one or more spectra in the IACOB or OWN database. Based on these light curves and their Lomb-Scargle periodograms, we performed variability classification and frequency analysis. We placed the stars in the spectroscopic Hertzsprung-Russell diagram to interpret the variability in an evolutionary context. We deduce the diverse origins of the mmag-level variability found in all of the 98 OB stars in the TESS data. We find among the sample several new variable stars, including three hybrid pulsators, three eclipsing binaries, high frequency modes in a Be star, and potential heat-driven pulsations in two Oe stars. We identify stars for which future asteroseismic modelling is possible, provided mode identification is achieved. By comparing the position of the variables to theoretical instability strips, we discuss the current shortcomings in non-adiabatic pulsation theory and the distribution of pulsators in the upper Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

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