- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/808/16
- Title:
- The Cannon: a new approach to determine abundances
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/808/16
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- New spectroscopic surveys offer the promise of stellar parameters and abundances ("stellar labels") for hundreds of thousands of stars; this poses a formidable spectral modeling challenge. In many cases, there is a subset of reference objects for which the stellar labels are known with high(er) fidelity. We take advantage of this with The Cannon, a new data-driven approach for determining stellar labels from spectroscopic data. The Cannon learns from the "known" labels of reference stars how the continuum-normalized spectra depend on these labels by fitting a flexible model at each wavelength; then, The Cannon uses this model to derive labels for the remaining survey stars. We illustrate The Cannon by training the model on only 542 stars in 19 clusters as reference objects, with Teff, logg, and [Fe/H] as the labels, and then applying it to the spectra of 55000 stars from APOGEE DR10. The Cannon is very accurate. Its stellar labels compare well to the stars for which APOGEE pipeline (ASPCAP) labels are provided in DR10, with rms differences that are basically identical to the stated ASPCAP uncertainties. Beyond the reference labels, The Cannon makes no use of stellar models nor any line-list, but needs a set of reference objects that span label-space. The Cannon performs well at lower signal-to-noise, as it delivers comparably good labels even at one-ninth the APOGEE observing time. We discuss the limitations of The Cannon and its future potential, particularly, to bring different spectroscopic surveys onto a consistent scale of stellar labels.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/823/114
- Title:
- The Cannon: a new approach to determine masses
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/823/114
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The mass of a star is arguably its most fundamental parameter. For red giant stars, tracers luminous enough to be observed across the Galaxy, mass implies a stellar evolution age. It has proven to be extremely difficult to infer ages and masses directly from red giant spectra using existing methods. From the Kepler and APOGEE surveys, samples of several thousand stars exist with high-quality spectra and asteroseismic masses. Here we show that from these data we can build a data-driven spectral model using The Cannon, which can determine stellar masses to ~0.07dex from APOGEE DR12 spectra of red giants; these imply age estimates accurate to ~0.2dex (40%). We show that The Cannon constrains these ages foremost from spectral regions with CN absorption lines, elements whose surface abundances reflect mass-dependent dredge-up. We deliver an unprecedented catalog of 70000 giants (including 20000 red clump stars) with mass and age estimates, spanning the entire disk (from the Galactic center to R~20kpc). We show that the age information in the spectra is not simply a corollary of the birth-material abundances [Fe/H] and [{alpha}/Fe], and that, even within a monoabundance population of stars, there are age variations that vary sensibly with Galactic position. Such stellar age constraints across the Milky Way open up new avenues in Galactic archeology.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/460/1912
- Title:
- The Catalog of HgMn Stars
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/460/1912
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To better understand the hot chemically peculiar group of HgMn stars, we have considered a compilation of a large number of recently published data obtained for these stars from spectroscopy. We compare these data to the previous compilation by Smith. We confirm the main trends of the abundance peculiarities, namely the increasing overabundances with increasing atomic number of heavy elements, and their large spread from star to star. For all the measured elements, we have looked for correlations between abundances and effective temperature (T_eff_). In addition to the known correlation for Mn, some other elements are found to show some connection between their abundances and T_eff_. We have also checked if multiplicity is a determinant parameter for abundance peculiarities determined for these stars. A statistical analysis using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test shows that the abundances anomalies in the atmosphere of HgMn stars do not present significant dependence on the multiplicity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/872/81
- Title:
- The COS CGM Compendium (CCC). II. Lyman limit syst.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/872/81
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results from our COS circumgalactic medium (CGM) compendium (CCC), a survey of the CGM at z<~1 using HI-selected absorbers with 15<logN_HI_<19. We focus here on 82 partial Lyman limit systems (pLLSs, 16.2<=logN_HI_<17.2) and 29 LLSs (17.2<=logN_HI_<19). Using Bayesian techniques and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling of a grid of photoionization models, we derive the posterior probability distribution functions (PDFs) for the metallicity of each absorber in CCC. We show that the combined pLLS metallicity PDF at z<~1 has two main peaks at [X/H]~-1.7 and -0.4, with a strong dip at [X/H]~-1. The metallicity PDF of the LLSs might be more complicated than a unimodal or bimodal distribution. The pLLSs and LLSs probe a similar range of metallicities -3<~[X/H]<~+0.4, but the fraction of very metal-poor absorbers with [X/H]<~-1.4 is much larger for the pLLSs than the LLSs. In contrast, absorbers with logN_HI_>=19 have mostly -1<~[X/H]<~0 at z<~1. The metal-enriched gas probed by pLLSs and LLSs confirms that galaxies that have been enriching their CGM over billions of years. Surprisingly, despite this enrichment, there is also abundant metal-poor CGM gas (41%-59% of the pLLSs have [X/H]<~-1.4), representing a reservoir of near-pristine gas around z<~1 galaxies. We compare our empirical results to recent cosmological zoom simulations, finding some discrepancies, including an overabundance of metal- enriched CGM gas in simulations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/866/33
- Title:
- The COS CGM compendium. I. Initial results
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/866/33
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a neutral hydrogen-selected absorption-line survey of gas with HI column densities 15<logN_HI_<19 at z<~1 using the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. Our main aim is to determine the metallicity distribution of these absorbers. Our sample consists of 224 absorbers selected on the basis of their HI absorption strength. Here we discuss the properties of our survey and the immediate empirical results. We find singly and doubly ionized metal species, and HI typically have similar velocity profiles, implying they probe gas in the same or similar environments. The ionic ratios (e.g., N_CII_/N_CIII_, N_OI_/N_CII_) indicate that the gas in these absorbers is largely ionized, and the ionization conditions are quite comparable across the sampled N_HI_ range. The Doppler parameters of the HI imply T<~5x10^4^K on average, consistent with the gas being photoionized. The MgII column densities span >2 orders of magnitude at any given N_HI_, indicating a wide range of metallicities (from solar to <1/100 solar). In the range of 16.2<~logN_HI_<~17, there is a gap in the N_MgII_ distribution corresponding to gas with ~10% solar metallicity, consistent with the gap seen in the previously identified bimodal metallicity distribution in this column density regime. Less than 3% of the absorbers in our sample show no detectable metal absorption, implying that truly pristine gas at z<~1 is uncommon. We find <[FeII/MgII]>=-0.4+/-0.3, and since {alpha}-enhancement can affect this ratio, dust depletion is extremely mild.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/574/A129
- Title:
- The First CEMP star in the Sculptor dSph
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/574/A129
- Date:
- 04 Feb 2022 11:54:02
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- he origin of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars and their possible connection with the chemical elements produced by the first stellar generation is still highly debated. In contrast to the Galactic halo, not many CEMP stars have been found in the dwarf spheroidal galaxies around the Milky Way. Here we present detailed abundances from ESO VLT/UVES high-resolution spectroscopy for ET0097, the first CEMP star found in the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal, which is one of the best studied dwarf galaxies in the Local Group. This star has [Fe/H]=-2.03+/-0.10, [C/Fe]=0.51+/-0.10 and [N/Fe]=1.18+/-0.20, which is the first nitrogen measurement in this galaxy. The traditional definition of CEMP stars is [C/Fe]>=0.70, but taking into account that this luminous red giant branch star has undergone mixing, it was intrinsically less nitrogen enhanced and more carbon-rich when it was formed, and so it falls under the definition of CEMP stars, as proposed by Aoki et al. (2007ApJ...655..492A, Cat. J/ApJ/655/492) to account for this effect.
1367. The GALAH+ Survey DR3
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/506/150
- Title:
- The GALAH+ Survey DR3
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/506/150
- Date:
- 12 Jan 2022 13:26:47
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The ensemble of chemical element abundance measurements for stars, along with precision distances and orbit properties, provides high-dimensional data to study the evolution of the MilkyWay.With this third data release of the Galactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) survey, we publish 678 423 spectra for 588 571 mostly nearby stars (81.2 per cent of stars are within <2 kpc), observed with the HERMES spectrograph at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. This release (hereafter GALAH+ DR3) includes all observations from GALAH Phase 1 (bright, main, and faint survey, 70 per cent), K2-HERMES (17 per cent), TESS-HERMES (5 per cent), and a subset of ancillary observations (8 per cent) including the bulge and >75 stellar clusters. We derive stellar parameters Teff, logg, [Fe/H], vmic, vbroad, and vrad using our modified version of the spectrum synthesis code Spectroscopy Made Easy (SME) and 1D MARCS model atmospheres. We break spectroscopic degeneracies in our spectrum analysis with astrometry from Gaia DR2 and photometry from 2MASS. We report abundance ratios [X/Fe] for 30 different elements (11 of which are based on non-LTE computations) covering five nucleosynthetic pathways. We describe validations for accuracy and precision, flagging of peculiar stars/measurements and recommendations for using our results. Our catalogue comprises 65 per cent dwarfs, 34 per cent giants, and 1 per cent other/unclassified stars. Based on unflagged chemical composition and age, we find 62 per cent young low-alpha, 9 per cent young high-alpha, 27 per cent old high-alpha, and 2 per cent stars with [Fe/H]<=-1. Based on kinematics, 4 per cent are halo stars. Several Value-Added-Catalogues, including stellar ages and dynamics, updated after Gaia eDR3, accompany this release and allow chrono-chemodynamic analyses, as we showcase.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/116
- Title:
- The globular cluster M14.II. Variable stars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/155/116
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present time-series BVI photometry for the Galactic globular cluster NGC 6402 (M14). The data consist of ~137 images per filter, obtained using the 0.9 and 1.0 m SMARTS telescopes at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. The images were obtained during two observing runs in 2006-2007. The image-subtraction package ISIS, along with DAOPHOT II/ALLFRAME, was used to perform crowded-field photometry and search for variable stars. We identified 130 variables, eight of which are new discoveries. The variable star population is comprised of 56 ab-type RR Lyrae stars, 54 c-type RR Lyrae, 6 type II Cepheids, 1 W UMa star, 1 detached eclipsing binary, and 12 long-period variables. We provide Fourier decomposition parameters for the RR Lyrae, and discuss the physical parameters and photometric metallicity derived therefrom. The M14 distance modulus is also discussed, based on different approaches for the calibration of the absolute magnitudes of RR Lyrae stars. The possible presence of second-overtone RR Lyrae in M14 is critically addressed, with our results arguing against this possibility. By considering all of the RR Lyrae stars as members of the cluster, we derive <P_ab_>=0.589 days. This, together with the position of the RR Lyrae stars of both Bailey types in the period-amplitude diagram, suggests an Oosterhoff-intermediate classification for the cluster. Such an intermediate Oosterhoff type is much more commonly found in nearby extragalactic systems, and we critically discuss several other possible indications that may point to an extragalactic origin for this cluster.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/286
- Title:
- The LEECH exoplanet imaging survey
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/156/286
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of the largest L' (3.8 {mu}m) direct imaging survey for exoplanets to date, the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer Exozodi Exoplanet Common Hunt (LEECH). We observed 98 stars with spectral types from B to M. Cool planets emit a larger share of their flux in L' compared to shorter wavelengths, affording LEECH an advantage in detecting low-mass, old, and cold-start giant planets. We emphasize proximity over youth in our target selection, probing physical separations smaller than other direct imaging surveys. For FGK stars, LEECH outperforms many previous studies, placing tighter constraints on the hot-start planet occurrence frequency interior to ~20 au. For less luminous, cold-start planets, LEECH provides the best constraints on giant-planet frequency interior to ~20 au around FGK stars. Direct imaging survey results depend sensitively on both the choice of evolutionary model (e.g., hot- or cold-start) and assumptions (explicit or implicit) about the shape of the underlying planet distribution, in particular its radial extent. Artificially low limits on the planet occurrence frequency can be derived when the shape of the planet distribution is assumed to extend to very large separations, well beyond typical protoplanetary dust-disk radii (~<50 au), and when hot-start models are used exclusively. We place a conservative upper limit on the planet occurrence frequency using cold-start models and planetary population distributions that do not extend beyond typical protoplanetary dust-disk radii. We find that ~<90% of FGK systems can host a 7-10 M_Jup_ planet from 5 to 50 au. This limit leaves open the possibility that planets in this range are common.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/762/25
- Title:
- The most metal-poor stars in HES and SDSS. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/762/25
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the discovery of 34 stars in the Hamburg/ESO Survey (HES) for metal-poor stars and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) that have [Fe/H]<~-3.0. Their median and minimum abundances are [Fe/H]=-3.1 and -4.1, respectively, while 10 stars have [Fe/H]<-3.5. High-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectroscopic data --equivalent widths and radial velocities-- are presented for these stars, together with an additional four objects previously reported or currently being investigated elsewhere. We have determined the atmospheric parameters, effective temperature (T_eff_), and surface gravity (logg), which are critical in the determination of the chemical abundances and the evolutionary status of these stars. Three techniques were used to derive these parameters. Spectrophotometric fits to model atmosphere fluxes were used to derive T_eff_, logg, and an estimate of E(B-V); H{alpha}, H{beta}, and H{gamma} profile fitting to model atmosphere results provided the second determination of T_eff_and logg; and finally, we used an empirical T_eff_-calibrated H{delta} index, for the third, independent T_eff_determination. The three values of T_eff_ are in good agreement, although the profile fitting may yield systematically cooler T_eff_values, by ~100K. This collective data set will be analyzed in future papers in the present series to utilize the most metal-poor stars as probes of conditions in the early universe.
