- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/753/64
- Title:
- Detailed abundances for 97 metal-poor stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/753/64
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- we present the abundance analysis of 97 nearby metal-poor (-3.3<[Fe/H]<-0.5) stars having kinematic characteristics of the Milky Way (MW) thick disk and inner and outer stellar halos. The high-resolution, high-signal-to-noise optical spectra for the sample stars have been obtained with the High Dispersion Spectrograph mounted on the Subaru Telescope. Abundances of Fe, Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti have been derived using a one-dimensional LTE abundance analysis code with Kurucz NEWODF model atmospheres. By assigning membership of the sample stars to the thick disk, inner halo, or outer halo components based on their orbital parameters, we examine abundance ratios as a function of [Fe/H] and kinematics for the three subsamples in wide metallicity and orbital parameter ranges. We show that, in the metallicity range of -1.5<[Fe/H]<=-0.5, the thick disk stars show constantly high mean [Mg/Fe] and [Si/Fe] ratios with small scatter. In contrast, the inner and the outer halo stars show lower mean values of these abundance ratios with larger scatter. The [Mg/Fe], [Si/Fe], and [Ca/Fe] for the inner and the outer halo stars also show weak decreasing trends with [Fe/H] in the range [Fe/H]>-2. These results favor the scenarios that the MW thick disk formed through rapid chemical enrichment primarily through Type II supernovae of massive stars, while the stellar halo has formed at least in part via accretion of progenitor stellar systems having been chemically enriched with different timescales.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/771/67
- Title:
- Detailed abundances for 97 metal-poor stars. II.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/771/67
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present chemical abundance analyses of sodium, iron-peak, and neutron-capture elements for 97 kinematically selected thick disk, inner halo, and outer halo stars with metallicities -3.3<[Fe/H]<-0.5. The main aim of this study is to examine chemical similarities and differences among metal-poor stars belonging to these old Galactic components as a clue to determine their early chemodynamical evolution. In our previous paper, we obtained abundances of {alpha} elements by performing a one-dimensional LTE abundance analysis based on the high-resolution (R~50000) spectra obtained with the Subaru/HDS. In this paper, a similar analysis is performed to determine abundances of an additional 17 elements. We show that, in metallicities below [Fe/H]~-2, the abundance ratios of many elements in the thick disk, inner halo, and outer halo subsamples are largely similar. In contrast, in higher metallicities ([Fe/H]>~-1.5), differences in some of the abundance ratios among the three subsamples are identified. Specifically, the [Na/Fe], [Ni/Fe], [Cu/Fe], and [Zn/Fe] ratios in the inner and outer halo subsamples are found to be lower than those in the thick disk subsample.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/711/573
- Title:
- Detailed abundances in a halo stellar stream
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/711/573
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a detailed abundance analysis of one of the confirmed building blocks of the Milky Way stellar halo, a kinematically coherent metal-poor stellar stream. We have obtained high-resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra of 12 probable stream members using the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectrograph on the Magellan-Clay Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory and the 2dCoude spectrograph on the Smith Telescope at McDonald Observatory. We have derived abundances or upper limits for 51 species of 46 elements in each of these stars. The stream members show a range of metallicity (-3.4<[Fe/H]<-1.5) but are otherwise chemically homogeneous, with the same star-to-star dispersion in [X/Fe] as the rest of the halo. This implies that, in principle, a significant fraction of the Milky Way stellar halo could have formed from accreted systems like the stream. The stream stars show minimal evolution in the {alpha} or Fe-group elements over the range of metallicity. This stream is enriched with material produced by the main and weak components of the rapid neutron-capture process and shows no evidence for enrichment by the slow neutron-capture process.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/815/5
- Title:
- Detailed abundances of KOI stars with planets. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/815/5
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present newly derived stellar parameters and the detailed abundances of 19 elements of seven stars with small planets discovered by NASA's Kepler Mission. Each star, save one, has at least one planet with a radius <=1.6R_{Earth}_, suggesting a primarily rocky composition. The stellar parameters and abundances are derived from high signal-to-noise ratio, high-resolution echelle spectroscopy obtained with the 10m Keck I telescope and High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer using standard spectroscopic techniques. The metallicities of the seven stars range from -0.32 to +0.13dex, with an average metallicity that is subsolar, supporting previous suggestions that, unlike Jupiter-type giant planets, small planets do not form preferentially around metal-rich stars. The abundances of elements other than iron are in line with a population of Galactic disk stars, and despite our modest sample size, we find hints that the compositions of stars with small planets are similar to stars without known planets and with Neptune-size planets, but not to those of stars with giant planets. This suggests that the formation of small planets does not require exceptional host-star compositions and that small planets may be ubiquitous in the Galaxy. We compare our derived abundances (which have typical uncertainties of <~0.04dex) to the condensation temperature of the elements; a correlation between the two has been suggested as a possible signature of rocky planet formation. None of the stars demonstrate the putative rocky planet signature, despite at least three of the stars having rocky planets estimated to contain enough refractory material to produce the signature, if real. More detailed abundance analyses of stars known to host small planets are needed to verify our results and place ever more stringent constraints on planet formation models.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/557/A138
- Title:
- Detailed chemical abundances in the GlC NGC 362
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/557/A138
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We obtained FLAMES GIRAFFE+UVES spectra for both first and second-generation red giant branch (RGB) stars in the globular cluster (GC) NGC 362 and used them to derive abundances of 21 atomic species for a sample of 92 stars. The surveyed elements include proton-capture (O, Na, Mg, Al, Si), alpha-capture (Ca, Ti), Fe-peak (Sc, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu), and neutron-capture elements (Y, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Eu, Dy). The analysis is fully consistent with that presented for twenty GCs in previous papers of this series. Stars in NGC 362 seem to be clustered into two discrete groups along the Na-O anti-correlation, with a gap at [O/Na]~0dex. Na-rich, second generation stars show a trend to be more centrally concentrated, although the level of confidence is not very high. When compared to the classical second-parameter twin NGC 288, with similar metallicity, but different horizontal branch type and much lower total mass, the proton-capture processing in stars of NGC 362 seems to be more extreme, confirming previous analysis. We discovered the presence of a secondary RGB sequence, redder than the bulk of the RGB: a preliminary estimate shows that this sequence comprises about 6% of RGB stars. Our spectroscopic data and literature photometry indicate that this sequence is populated almost exclusively by giants rich in Ba, and probably rich in all s-process elements, as found in other clusters. In this regards, NGC 362 joins previously studied GCs like NGC 1851, NGC 6656 (M 22), and NGC 7089 (M 2).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/635/A8
- Title:
- Differential abundances of open clusters
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/635/A8
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Well studied Open Clusters (OCs) of the Solar neighbourhood are frequently used as reference objects to test galactic and stellar theories. For that purpose their chemical composition needs to be known with a high level of confidence. It is also important to clarify if each OC is chemically homogeneous and if it has a unique chemical signature. The aims of this work are (1) to determine accurate and precise abundances of 22 chemical species (from Na to Eu) in the Hyades, Praesepe and Rupecht 147 using a large number of stars at different evolutionary states, (2) to evaluate the level of chemical homogeneity of these OCs, (3) to compare their chemical signatures. We gathered ~800 high resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra of ~100 members in the three clusters, obtained with the latest memberships based on Gaia DR2 data. We build a pipeline which computes atmospheric parameters and strictly line-by-line differential abundances among twin stars in our sample. With this method we are able to reach a very high precision in the abundances (0.01-0.02dex in most of the elements). We find large differences in the absolute abundances in some elements, which can be attributed to diffusion, NLTE effects or systematics in the analysis. For the three OCs, we find strong correlations in the differential abundances between different pairs of elements. According to our experiment with synthetic data, this can be explained by some level of chemical inhomogeneity. We compare differential abundances of several stars from the Hyades and Praesepe tails: the stars that differ more in chemical abundances also have distinct kinematics, even though they have been identified as members of the tail. It is possible to obtain high precision abundances using a differential analysis even when mixing spectra from different instruments. With this technique we find that the Hyades and Preasepe have the same chemical signature when G dwarfs and K giants are considered. Despite a certain level of inhomogeneity in each cluster, it is still possible to clearly distinguish the chemical signature of the older cluster Ruprecht 147 when compared to the Hyades and Praesepe.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/630/A104
- Title:
- Disk and halo stars C, O and Fe abundances
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/630/A104
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The abundances of carbon, oxygen, and iron in late-type stars are important parameters in exoplanetary and stellar physics, as well as key tracers of stellar populations and Galactic chemical evolution. However, standard spectroscopic abundance analyses can be prone to severe systematic errors, by the assumption that the stellar atmosphere is one-dimensional (1D) and hydrostatic, and by ignoring departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). To address this, we carry out 3D non-LTE radiative transfer calculations for CI and OI, and 3D LTE radiative transfer calculations for FeII, across the stagger-grid of 3D hydrodynamic model atmospheres. The absolute 3D non-LTE versus 1D LTE abundance corrections can be as severe as ~0.3dex for CI lines in low-metallicity F dwarfs, and ~0.6dex for OI lines in high-metallicity F dwarfs. The 3D LTE versus 1D LTE abundance corrections for FeII lines are less severe, typically less than +0.15dex. We use the corrections in a re-analysis of carbon, oxygen, and iron in 187 F and G dwarfs in the Galactic disk and halo. Applying the differential 3D non-LTE corrections to 1D LTE abundances visibly reduces the scatter in the abundance plots. The thick disk and high- halo population rise in carbon and oxygen with decreasing metallicity, reaching a maximum of [C/Fe]~=0.2 and a plateau of [O/Fe]~=0.6 at [Fe/H]~=~1.0. The low- halo population is qualitatively similar, albeit offset towards lower metallicities and with larger scatter. Nevertheless, these populations overlap in the [C/O] versus [O/H] plane, decreasing to a plateau of [C/O]~=0.6 below [O/H]~=1.0. In the thin-disk, stars having confirmed planet detections tend to have higher values of C/O at given [O/H]; this potential signature of planet formation is only apparent after applying the abundance corrections to the 1D LTE results. Our grids of line-by-line abundance corrections are publicly available and can readily be used to improve the accuracy of spectroscopic analyses of late-type stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/452/637
- Title:
- Distance-limited sample of MYSOs
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/452/637
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyse C^18^O (J=3-2) data from a sample of 99 infrared (IR)-bright massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) and compact HII regions that were identified as potential molecular-outflow sources in the Red MSX Source survey. We extract a distance-limited (D<6kpc) sample shown to be representative of star formation covering the transition between the source types. At the spatial resolution probed, Larson-like relationships are found for these cores, though the alternative explanation, that Larson's relations arise where surface-density-limited samples are considered, is also consistent with our data. There are no significant differences found between source properties for the MYSOs and HII regions, suggesting that the core properties are established prior to the formation of massive stars, which subsequently have little impact at the later evolutionary stages investigated. There is a strong correlation between dust-continuum and C^18^O-gas masses, supporting the interpretation that both trace the same material in these IR-bright sources. A clear linear relationship is seen between the independently established core masses and luminosities. The position of MYSOs and compact HII regions in the mass-luminosity plane is consistent with the luminosity expected from the most massive protostar in the cluster when using an ~40 percent star formation efficiency and indicates that they are at a similar evolutionary stage, near the end of the accretion phase.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/136/463
- Title:
- Distances and metallicities of HVCs and IVCs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/136/463
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A table is presented that summarizes published absorption line measurements for the high- and intermediate-velocity clouds (HVCs and IVCs). New values are derived for N(HI) in the direction of observed probes, in order to arrive at reliable abundances and abundance limits (the HI data are described in Paper II, Wakker et al., 2001ApJS..136..537W). Distances to stellar probes are revisited and calculated consistently, in order to derive distance brackets or limits for many of the clouds, taking care to properly interpret nondetections.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/94/127
- Title:
- Distribution of H I in the ISM. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/94/127
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We compile, from the existing literature, the largest sample to date (842 data points) of hydrogen column density measurements, N(HI), of the gas in the interstellar medium. We include only results obtained from absorption measurements toward individual stars (594 in our sample) in an effort to construct a three-dimensional picture of the interstellar gas. We derive hydrogen column densities toward a fraction of the stars in the sample from published column density measurements of metal ions. A three-dimensional physical model derived from this data set will be presented in a companion paper. The observed stars span distances from a few parsecs to a few thousand parsecs, and more than half of the sample serves to describe the local interstellar medium within a few hundred parsecs of the Sun. Hydrogen column densities range from 10^17^ to 10^22^cm^-2^. We describe here the various observational methods used to estimate the hydrogen column densities and present the table with the stellar and hydrogen column density data. The provided table is intended as a global reference work, not to introduce new results.
