- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/V/117A
- Title:
- Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood
- Short Name:
- V/117A
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- (from paper II, 2007) Ages, metallicities, space velocities, and Galactic orbits of stars in the Solar neighbourhood are fundamental observational constraints on models of galactic disk evolution. Understanding and minimising systematic errors and sample selection biases in the data is crucial for their interpretation. We aim to consolidate the calibrations of uvbyb photometry into T_eff_, [Fe/H], distance, and age for F and G stars and rediscuss the results of the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey (GCS, Nordstrom et al., 2004, paper I) in terms of the evolution of the disk. We use recent V-K photometry, angular diameters, high-resolution spectroscopy, Hipparcos parallaxes, and extensive numerical simulations to re-examine and verify the temperature, metallicity, distance, and reddening calibrations for the uvbyb system. We also highlight the selection effects inherent in the apparent-magnitude limited GCS sample. We substantially improve the T_eff_ and [Fe/H] calibrations for early F stars, where spectroscopic temperatures have large systematic errors. A slight offset of the GCS photometry and the non-standard helium abundance of the Hyades invalidate its use for checking metallicity or age scales; however, the distances, reddenings, metallicities, and age scale for GCS field stars require minor corrections only. Our recomputed ages are in excellent agreement with the independent determinations by Takeda et al. (2007ApJS..168..297T), indicating that isochrone ages can now be reliably determined. The revised G-dwarf metallicity distribution remains incompatible with closed-box models, and the age-metallicity relation for the thin disk remains almost flat, with large and real scatter at all ages sigma_intrinsic=0.20 dex). Dynamical heating of the thin disk continues throughout its life; specific in-plane dynamical effects dominate the evolution of the U and V velocities, while the W velocities remain random at all ages. When assigning thick and thin-disk membership for stars from kinematic criteria, parameters for the oldest stars should be used to characterise the thin disk.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/530/A138
- Title:
- Geneva-Copenhagen survey re-analysis
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/530/A138
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a re-analysis of the Geneva-Copenhagen survey, benefiting from the infrared flux method to improve upon the accuracy of the derived stellar effective temperatures and using the latter to build a consistent and improved metallicity scale. Metallicities are calibrated on high-resolution spectroscopy and checked against four open clusters and a moving group, showing excellent consistency. The new temperature and metallicity scales provide a better match to theoretical isochrones, which are used for a Bayesian analysis of stellar ages. With respect to previous analyses, our stars are on average 100K hotter and 0.1dex more metal rich, shifting the peak of the metallicity distribution function around the solar value. From Stromgren photometry we are able to derive for the first time a proxy for [Fe] abundances, which enables for a tentative dissection of the chemical thin and thick disc. We find evidence for the latter being composed of an old, mildly but systematically alpha-enhanced population extending to super solar metallicities, in agreement with spectroscopic studies. Our revision offers the largest existing kinematically unbiased sample of the solar neighbourhood that contains full information on kinematics, metallicities and ages and thus provides better constraints on the physical processes relevant in the build-up of the Milky Way disc, enabling a better understanding of the Sun in a Galactic context.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/601/A112
- Title:
- GES iDR4 Mg-Al anticorrelation in GCs
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/601/A112
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use Gaia-ESO Survey iDR4 data to explore the Mg-Al anti-correlation in globular clusters, that were observed as calibrators, as a demonstration of the quality of Gaia-ESO Survey data and analysis. The results compare well with the available literature, within 0.1~[-] or less, after a small (compared to the Minternal spreads) offset between the UVES and the GIRAFFE data of 0.10-0.15dex was taken into account. In particular, we present for the first time data for NGC 5927, one of the most metal-rich globular clusters studied in the literature so far with [Fe/H]=-0.49dex, that was included to connect with the open cluster regime in the Gaia-ESO Survey internal calibration. The extent and shape of the Mg-Al anti-correlation provide strong constraints on the multiple population phenomenon in globular clusters. In particular, we studied the dependency of the Mg-Al anti-correlation extension with metallicity, present-day mass, and age of the clusters, using GES data in combination with a large set of homogenized literature measurements. We find a dependency with both metallicity and mass, that is evident when fitting for the two parameters simultaneously, but no significant dependency with age. We confirm that the Mg-Al anti-correlation is not seen in all clusters, but disappears for the less massive or most metal-rich ones. We also use our dataset to see whether a normal anti-correlation would explain the low [Mg/{alpha}] observed in some extragalactic globular clusters, but find that none of the clusters in our sample can reproduce it, and more extreme chemical compositions (like the one of NGC 2419) would be required. We conclude that GES iDR4 data already meet the requirements set by the main survey goals, and can be used to study in detail globular clusters even if the analysis procedures were not specifically designed for them.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/618/A102
- Title:
- GES N/O abundance ratio in the Milky Way
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/618/A102
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The abundance ratio N/O is a useful tool to study the interplay of galactic processes, for example star formation efficiency, timescale of infall, and outflow loading factor. We aim to trace log(N/O) versus [Fe/H] in the Milky Way and to compare this ratio with a set of chemical evolution models to understand the role of infall, outflow, and star formation efficiency in the building up of the Galactic disc. We used the abundances from idr2-3, idr4, idr5 data releases of the Gaia-ESO Survey both for Galactic field and open cluster stars. We determined membership and average composition of open clusters and we separated thin and thick disc field stars. We considered the effect of mixing in the abundance of N in giant stars. We computed a grid of chemical evolution models, suited to reproduce the main features of our Galaxy, exploring the effects of the star formation efficiency, infall timescale, and differential outflow. With our samples, we map the metallicity range -0.6<=[Fe/H]<=0.3 with a corresponding -1.2<=log(N/O)<=-0.2, where the secondary production of N dominates. Thanks to the wide range of Galactocentric distances covered by our samples, we can distinguish the behaviour of log(N/O) in different parts of the Galaxy. Our spatially resolved results allow us to distinguish differences in the evolution of N/O with Galactocentric radius. Comparing the data with our models, we can characterise the radial regions of our Galaxy. A shorter infall timescale is needed in the inner regions, while the outer regions need a longer infall timescale, coupled with a higher star formation efficiency. We compare our results with nebular abundances obtained in MaNGA galaxies, finding in our Galaxy a much wider range of log(N/O) than in integrated observations of external galaxies of similar stellar mass, but similar to the ranges found in studies of individual HII regions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/601/A70
- Title:
- GES: pre-main-sequence clusters [Fe/H]
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/601/A70
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The radial metallicity distribution in the Galactic thin disc represents a crucial constraint for modelling disc formation and evolution. Open clusters allow us to derive both the radial metallicity distribution and its evolution over time. In this paper we perform the first investigation of the present-day radial metallicity distribution based on [Fe/H] determinations in late type members of pre-main-sequence clusters. Because of their youth, these clusters are therefore essential for tracing the current inter-stellar medium metallicity. We used the products of the Gaia-ESO Survey analysis of 12 young regions (age<100Myr), covering Galactocentric distances from 6.67 to 8.70kpc. For the first time, we derived the metal content of star forming regions farther than 500pc from the Sun. Median metallicities were determined through samples of reliable cluster members. For ten clusters the membership analysis is discussed in the present paper, while for other two clusters (Chamaeleon I and Gamma Velorum) we adopted the members identified in our previous works. All the pre-main-sequence clusters considered in this paper have close-to-solar or slightly sub-solar metallicities. The radial metallicity distribution traced by these clusters is almost flat, with the innermost star forming regions having [Fe/H] values that are 0.10-0.15dex lower than the majority of the older clusters located at similar Galactocentric radii. This homogeneous study of the present-day radial metallicity distribution in the Galactic thin disc favours models that predict a flattening of the radial gradient over time. On the other hand, the decrease of the average [Fe/H] at young ages is not easily explained by the models. Our results reveal a complex interplay of several processes (e.g. star formation activity, initial mass function, supernova yields, gas flows) that controlled the recent evolution of the Milky Way.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/444/2251
- Title:
- G0-G3 main-sequence stars with V<15
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/444/2251
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The basic stellar atmospheric parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity and global metallicity) were determined simultaneously for a sample of 233 stars, limited in magnitude (V<15), with spectral types between G0 and G3 and luminosity class V (main sequence). The analysis was based on spectroscopic observations collected at the Observatorio Astrofisico Guillermo Haro and using a set of Lick-like indices defined in the spectral range 3800-4800{AA}. An extensive set of indices computed in a grid of theoretical spectra was used as a comparison tool in order to determine the photospheric parameters. The method was validated by matching the results from spectra of the asteroids Vesta and Ceres with the Sun parameters. The main results were as follows: (i) the photospheric parameters were determined for the first time for 213 objects in our sample and (ii) a sample of 20 new super-metal-rich star candidates was found.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/460/1739
- Title:
- Giant HII regions BOND abundances
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/460/1739
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the Bayesian oxygen and nitrogen abundance determinations (bond) method. bond is a Bayesian code (available at: http://bond.ufsc.br) to simultaneously derive oxygen and nitrogen abundances in giant HII regions. It compares observed emission lines to a grid of photoionization models without assuming any relation between O/H and N/O. Our grid spans a wide range in O/H, N/O and ionization parameter U, and covers different starburst ages and nebular geometries. Varying starburst ages accounts for variations in the ionizing radiation field hardness, which arise due to the ageing of HII regions or the stochastic sampling of the initial mass function. All previous approaches assume a strict relation between the ionizing field and metallicity. The other novelty is extracting information on the nebular physics from semistrong emission lines. While strong lines ratios alone ([OIII]/H{beta}, [OII]/H{beta} and [NII]/H{beta}) lead to multiple O/H solutions, the simultaneous use of [ArIII]/[NeIII] allows one to decide whether an HII region is of high or low metallicity. Adding HeI/H{beta} pins down the hardness of the radiation field. We apply our method to HII regions and blue compact dwarf galaxies, and find that the resulting N/O versus O/H relation is as scattered as the one obtained from the temperature-based method. As in previous strong-line methods calibrated on photoionization models, the bond O/H values are generally higher than temperature-based ones, which might indicate the presence of temperature fluctuations or kappa distributions in real nebulae, or a too soft ionizing radiation field in the models.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/584/A46
- Title:
- GIRAFFE Inner Bulge Survey (GIBS). II.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/584/A46
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We investigate metallicity and {alpha}-element abundance gradients along a Galactic longitude strip, at latitude b~-4{deg}, with the aim of providing observational constraints for the structure and origin of the Milky Way bulge. High-resolution (R~22500) spectra for 400 Kgiants, in four fields within -4.8{deg}<~b<~-3.4{deg} and -10{deg}<~l<~+10{deg}, were obtained within the GIRAFFE Inner Bulge Survey (GIBS) project. To this sample we added another ~400 stars in Baade's Window at (l,b)=(1{deg},-4{deg}), observed with the identical instrumental configuration: FLAMES GIRAFFE in Medusa mode with HR13 setup. All target stars lie within the red clump of the bulge colour-magnitude diagram, thus minimising contamination from the disc or halo stars. The spectroscopic stellar surface parameters were derived with an automatic method based on the GALA code, while the [Ca/Fe] and [Mg/Fe] abundances as a function of [Fe/H] were derived through a comparison with the synthetic spectra using MOOG. We constructed the metallicity distributions for the entire sample, and for each field individually, in order to investigate the presence of gradients or field-to-field variations in the shape of the distributions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/901/23
- Title:
- Gjoll stream stars & detailed abund. of 4 members
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/901/23
- Date:
- 15 Feb 2022 14:07:06
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Recent analysis of the second data release of Gaia has revealed a number of new stellar streams surrounding the Milky Way. It has been suggested that one of these streams, Gjoll, is associated with the globular cluster NGC 3201, but thus far the association has only been based on kinematics of the stream stars. In this work we identify five likely stream members in the Gaia data that are bright enough for high-resolution spectroscopic follow-up with the Harlan J. Smith telescope at McDonald Observatory. One star is ruled out as a member based on its radial velocity. Abundance analysis of the remaining four kinematic members reveals a good chemical match to NGC 3201 for two of the stars, driven by their similar Al and {alpha}-element abundances. Of the remaining two, one shows no chemical similarity to NGC 3201 and is likely an unassociated Milky Way halo field star, while the other exhibits a similar Al abundance but has somewhat lower {alpha}-element abundances. The chemical tagging of stars in the Gjoll stream to NGC3201 confirms this association and provides direct proof of the hierarchical formation of the Milky Way.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/637/A98
- Title:
- Globular cluster escapees in the Galactic halo
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/637/A98
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A long-lasting open question in the field of Galactic archeology refers to the size of the contribution from former globular cluster (GC) stars to the formation of the stellar halo of the Milky Way. We contribute to answering this important question by establishing observational links between the present-day halo field star population and GCs. To this end, we combined astrometric information such as space motions and parallaxes from the second data release of the Gaia mission (Gaia DR2) with spectroscopic radial velocities and metallicities ([Fe/H]) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV, DR14) to end up with a seven-dimensional chemodynamical information space for more than 3x10^5^ stars. Moreover, from our previous study, we incorporated the sample of halo giant stars with a distinct chemical signature (strong CN bandheads) that resembles the light-elements anomaly otherwise only seen in the second generation of globular cluster stellar populations. Using three different tagging techniques -- among which is the exploration of conservative integrals of motion -- we are able to establish unique associations between 151 extratidal stars in the neighborhood of eight GCs, which coincide with earlier findings of stellar envelopes beyond the tidal radius and even beyond (out to several tens of tidal radii). In addition, we trace the possible origin of about 62% of the sample of CN-strong giants to their potential host clusters. We find a connection between several of the involved GCs and the Gaia-Enceladus and Sequoia merger events. By establishing kinematic and chemical connections between 17 CN-strong stars and their surrounding fields, we identify co- moving groups of stars at the same [Fe/H] with a possible cluster origin. Some of these associations contain RR Lyrae variables, which allows meaningful distance inferences to be made. From these, we find strong evidence that four CN-strong stars and their associates are connected to the Sagittarius stream whilst their tightly confined [Fe/H] may hint to a birth site in M 54, the massive cluster in Sagittarius' core remnant. Finally, by employing the counts of CN-strong and bona-fide CN-normal giants from our novel sample, we provide tentative estimates for the fraction of first-generation cluster stars among all stars lost to the halo. In the immediate cluster vicinity, this value amounts to 50.0+/-16.7% while the associations in the halo field rather imply 80.2-5.2+4.9%. We speculate that -- if proven real by spectroscopic follow-up -- the disparity between these numbers could indicate a major contribution of low- mass clusters to the overall number of stars escaped to the halo or could alternatively suggest strong mass loss from the first generation during early cluster dissolution.
