- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/794/58
- Title:
- Metal-poor stars in the thick disk of the Galaxy
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/794/58
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A new set of very high signal-to-noise (S/N>100/1), medium-resolution (R~3000) optical spectra have been obtained for 302 of the candidate "weak-metal" stars selected by Bidelman & MacConnell (1973AJ.....78..687B, Cat. III/46). We use these data to calibrate the recently developed generalization of the Sloan Extension for Galactic Exploration and Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE) Stellar Parameter Pipeline, and obtain estimates of the atmospheric parameters (T_eff_, log g, and [Fe/H]) for these non-Sloan Digital Sky Survey/SEGUE data; we also obtain estimates of [C/Fe]. The new abundance measurements are shown to be consistent with available high-resolution spectroscopic determinations, and represent a substantial improvement over the accuracies obtained from the previous photometric estimates reported in Paper I of this series (Norris et al. 1985ApJS...58..463N). The apparent offset in the photometric abundances of the giants in this sample noted by several authors is confirmed by our new spectroscopy; no such effect is found for the dwarfs. The presence of a metal-weak thick-disk (MWTD) population is clearly supported by these new abundance data. Some 25% of the stars with metallicities -1.8<[Fe/H]<=-0.8 exhibit orbital eccentricities e<0.4, yet are clearly separated from members of the inner-halo population with similar metallicities by their location in a Lindblad energy versus angular momentum diagram. A comparison is made with recent results for a similar-size sample of Radial Velocity Experiment stars from Ruchti et al. (2010ApJ...721L..92R ; 2011ApJ...737....9R). We conclude, based on both of these samples, that the MWTD is real, and must be accounted for in discussions of the formation and evolution of the disk system of the Milky Way.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/445/939
- Title:
- Metal-poor stars uvby-beta photometry. XI.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/445/939
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- New uvby-beta data are provided for 442 high-velocity and metal-poor stars; 90 of these stars have been observed previously by us, and 352 are new. When combined with our previous two photometric catalogues, the data base is now made up of 1533 high-velocity and metal-poor stars, all with photometry and complete kinematic data. Hipparcos, plus a new photometric calibration for M_v_ also based on the Hipparcos parallaxes, provide distances for nearly all of these stars; our previous photometric calibrations give values for E(b-y) and [Fe/H]. The [Fe/H],V(rot) diagram allows us to separate these stars into different Galactic stellar population groups, such as old-thin-disk, thick-disk, and halo. The X histogram, where X is our stellar-population discriminator combining V(rot) and [Fe/H], and contour plots for the [Fe/H],V(rot) diagram both indicate two probable components to the thick disk.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/875/89
- Title:
- Metal-poor stars with APF. I. LAMOST CEMP stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/875/89
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report on the discovery of five carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars in the metallicity range of -3.3<[Fe/H]{<}-2.4. These stars were selected from the LAMOST DR3 low-resolution (R~2000) spectroscopic database as metal-poor candidates and followed up with high-resolution spectroscopy (R~110000) with the Lick/APF. Stellar parameters and individual abundances for 25 chemical elements (from Li to Eu) are presented for the first time. These stars exhibit chemical abundance patterns that are similar to those reported in other literature studies of very and extremely metal-poor stars. One of our targets, J2114-0616, shows high enhancement in carbon ([C/Fe]=1.37), nitrogen ([N/Fe]=1.88), barium ([Ba/Fe]=1.00), and europium ([Eu/Fe]=0.84). Such chemical abundance pattern suggests that J2114-0616 can be classified as CEMP-r/s star. In addition, the star J1054+0528 can be classified as a CEMP-rI star, with [Eu/Fe]=0.44 and [Ba/Fe]=-0.52. The other stars in our sample show no enhancements in neutron-capture elements and can be classified as CEMP-no stars. We also performed a kinematic and dynamical analysis of the sample stars based on Gaia DR2 data. The kinematic parameters, orbits, and binding energy of these stars show that J2114-0616 is member of the outer-halo population, while the remaining stars belong to the inner-halo population but with an accreted origin. Collectively, these results add important constraints on the origin and evolution of CEMP stars as well as on their possible formation scenarios.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/882/27
- Title:
- Metal-poor stars with APF obs. II. MW halo stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/882/27
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this work, we study the chemical compositions and kinematic properties of six metal-poor stars with [Fe/H]{<}-2.5 in the Galactic halo. From high-resolution (R~110000) spectroscopic observations obtained with the Lick/Automated Planet Finder, we determined individual abundances for up to 23 elements, to quantitatively evaluate our sample. We identify two carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars (J1630+0953 and J2216+0246) without enhancement in neutron-capture elements (CEMP-no stars), while the rest of our sample stars are carbon-intermediate. By comparing the light-element abundances of the CEMP stars with predicted yields from nonrotating zero-metallicity massive-star models, we find that the possible progenitors of J1630+0953 and J2216+0246 could be in the 13-25M_{sun}_ mass range, with explosion energies (0.3-1.8)x10^51^erg. In addition, the detectable abundance ratios of light and heavy elements suggest that our sample stars are likely formed from a well-mixed gas cloud, which is consistent with previous studies. We also present a kinematic analysis, which suggests that most of our program stars likely belong to the inner-halo population, with orbits passing as close as ~2.9kpc from the Galactic center. We discuss the implications of these results on the critical constraints on the origin and evolution of CEMP stars, as well as the nature of the Population III progenitors of the lowest-metallicity stars in our Galaxy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/422/527
- Title:
- Metal-poor star uvby-beta photometry. X.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/422/527
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- (uvby) and H-beta photometry has been obtained for an additional 411 very metal-poor stars selected from the HK survey, and used to derive basic parameters such as interstellar reddenings, metallicities, photometric classifications, distances, and relative ages.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/452/4326
- Title:
- Metal-rich damped Ly{alpha} systems at z~2
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/452/4326
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using our sample of the most metal-rich damped Lyman {alpha} systems (DLAs) at z_abs_~2, and two literature compilations of chemical abundances in 341 DLAs and 2818 stars, we present an analysis of the chemical composition of DLAs in the context of the Local Group. The metal-rich sample of DLAs at z_abs~2 probes metallicities as high as the Galactic disc and the most metal-rich dwarf spheroidals (dSphs), permitting an analysis of many elements typically observed in DLAs (Fe, Zn, Cr, Mn, Si, and S) in comparison to stellar abundances observed in the Galaxy and its satellites (in particular dSphs). Our main conclusions are: (1) non-solar [Zn/Fe] abundances in metal-poor Galactic stars and in dSphs over the full metallicity range probed by DLAs, suggest that Zn is not a simple proxy for Fe in DLAs and therefore not a suitable indicator of dust depletion. After correcting for dust depletion, the majority of DLAs have subsolar [Zn/Fe] similar to dSphs; (2) at [Fe/H]~-0.5, a constant [Mn/Fe]~-0.5 and near-solar [{alpha}/Fe] (requiring an assumption about dust depletion) are in better agreement with dwarf galaxies than Galactic disc stars; (3) [{alpha}/Zn] is usually solar or subsolar in DLAs. However, although low ratios of [{alpha}/Fe] are usually considered more 'dwarf-like' than `Milky Way-like', subsolar [Zn/Fe] in Local Group dwarfs leads to supersolar [{alpha}/Zn] in the dSphs, in contrast with the DLAs. Therefore, whilst DLAs exhibit some similarities with the Local Group dwarf population, there are also notable differences.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/685/904
- Title:
- Metal-rich dwarf galaxies from SDSS-DR4
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/685/904
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have identified a sample of 41 low-mass high-oxygen abundance outliers from the mass-metallicity relation of star-forming galaxies measured by Tremonti et al. (2004ApJ...613..898T). These galaxies, which have 8.6<12+log(O/H)<9.3 over a range of -14.4>M_B_>-19.1 and 7.4<log(M_*_/M_{sun}_)<10, are surprisingly nonpathological. They have typical specific star formation rates, are fairly isolated, and, with few exceptions, have no obvious companions. Morphologically, they are similar to dwarf spheroidal or dwarf elliptical galaxies. We predict that their observed high oxygen abundances are due to relatively low gas fractions, concluding that these are transitional dwarf galaxies nearing the end of their star formation activity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/158/239
- Title:
- Metal-rich host stars abundances & equivalent widths
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/158/239
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The relationship between the compositions of giant planets and their host stars is of fundamental interest in understanding planet formation. The solar system giant planets are enhanced above solar composition in metals, both in their visible atmospheres and bulk compositions. A key question is whether the metal enrichment of giant exoplanets is correlated with that of their host stars. Thorngren et al. (2016, J/ApJ/831/64) showed that in cool (T_eq_<1000 K) giant exoplanets, the total heavy-element mass increases with total M_p_ and the heavy-element enrichment relative to the parent star decreases with total M_p_. In their work, the host star metallicity was derived from literature [Fe/H] measurements. Here we conduct a more detailed and uniform study to determine whether different host star metals (C, O, Mg, Si, Fe, and Ni) correlate with the bulk metallicity of their planets, using correlation tests and Bayesian linear fits. We present new host star abundances of 19 cool giant planet systems, and combine these with existing host star data for a total of 22 cool giant planet systems (24 planets). Surprisingly, we find no clear correlation between stellar metallicity and planetary residual metallicity (the relative amount of metal versus that expected from the planet mass alone), which is in conflict with common predictions from formation models. We also find a potential correlation between residual planet metals and stellar volatile-to-refractory element ratios. These results provide intriguing new relationships between giant planet and host star compositions for future modeling studies of planet formation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/535/A42
- Title:
- Metal rich stars in solar neighbourhood
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/535/A42
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The analysis of 71 metal-rich stars is based on optical high-resolution echelle spectra obtained with the FEROS spectrograph at the ESO 1.52-m Telescope at La Silla, Chile. The metallicities and abundances of C, O, Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti were derived based on LTE detailed analysis, employing the MARCS model atmospheres. We confirm the high metallicity of these stars reaching up to [FeI/H]=0.58, and the sample of metal-rich dwarfs can be kinematically subclassified in samples of thick disk, thin disk, and intermediate stellar populations. All sample stars show solar alpha-Fe ratios, and most of them are old and still quite metal rich. The orbits suggest that the thin disk, thick disk and intermediate populations were formed at Galactocentric distances of ~8kpc, ~6kpc, and ~7kpc, respectively. The mean maximum height of the thick disk subsample of Z_max_~380pc, is lower than for typical thick disk stars. A comparison of alpha-element abundances of the sample stars with bulge stars shows that the oxygen is compatible with a bulge or inner thick disk origin. Our results suggest that models of radial mixing and dynamical effects of the bar and bar/spiral arms might explain the presence of these old metal-rich dwarf stars in the solar neighbourhood.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/808/108
- Title:
- M2FS stellar spectroscopy of Reticulum 2
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/808/108
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present results from spectroscopic observations with the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System (M2FS) of 182 stellar targets along the line of sight (LOS) to the newly discovered "ultrafaint" object Reticulum 2 (Ret 2). For 37 of these targets, the spectra are sufficient to provide simultaneous estimates of LOS velocity ({nu}i_los_, median random error {delta}_{nu}los_=1.4km/s), effective temperature (T_eff_, {delta}_Tef_=478K), surface gravity (logg, {delta}_logg_=0.63dex), and iron abundance ([Fe/H], {delta}_[Fe/H]_=0.47dex). We use these results to confirm 17 stars as members of Ret 2. From the member sample we estimate a velocity dispersion of {sigma}_{nu}los_=3.6_-0.7_^+1.0^km/s about a mean of <{nu}_los_>=64.3_1.2_^+1.2^km/s in the solar rest frame (~-90.9km/s in the Galactic rest frame), and a metallicity dispersion of {sigma}_[Fe/H]_=0.49_-0.14_^+0.19^dex about a mean of <[Fe/H]_>=-2.58_-0.33_^+0.34^. These estimates marginalize over possible velocity and metallicity gradients, which are consistent with zero. Our results place Ret 2 on chemodynamical scaling relations followed by the Milky Way's dwarf-galactic satellites. Under assumptions of dynamic equilibrium and negligible contamination from binary stars --both of which must be checked with deeper imaging and repeat spectroscopic observations-- the estimated velocity dispersion suggests a dynamical mass of M(R_h_)~5R_h_{sigma}_{nu}los_^2^/(2G)=2.4_-0.8_^+1.4^x10^5^M_{sun}_ enclosed within projected halflight radius R_h_~32pc, with mass-to-light ratio ~2M(R_h_)/L_V_=467_-168_^+286^ in solar units.
