- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/769/57
- Title:
- Equivalent widths of metal-poor stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/769/57
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- It is well established that stellar effective temperatures determined from photometry and spectroscopy yield systematically different results. We describe a new, simple method to correct spectroscopically derived temperatures ("excitation temperatures") of metal-poor stars based on a literature sample with -3.3<[Fe/H]<-2.5. Excitation temperatures were determined from Fe I line abundances in high-resolution optical spectra in the wavelength range of ~3700-7000{AA}, although shorter wavelength ranges, up to 4750-6800{AA}, can also be employed, and compared with photometric literature temperatures. Our adjustment scheme increases the temperatures up to several hundred degrees for cool red giants, while leaving the near-main-sequence stars mostly unchanged. Hence, it brings the excitation temperatures in good agreement with photometrically derived values. The modified temperature also influences other stellar parameters, as the Fe I-Fe II ionization balance is simultaneously used to determine the surface gravity, while also forcing no abundance trend on the absorption line strengths to obtain the microturbulent velocity. As a result of increasing the temperature, the often too low gravities and too high microturbulent velocities in red giants become higher and lower, respectively. Our adjustment scheme thus continues to build on the advantage of deriving temperatures from spectroscopy alone, independent of reddening, while at the same time producing stellar chemical abundances that are more straightforwardly comparable to studies based on photometrically derived temperatures. Hence, our method may prove beneficial for comparing different studies in the literature as well as the many high-resolution stellar spectroscopic surveys that are or will be carried out in the next few years.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/381/500
- Title:
- Eu abundances in F and G disk stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/381/500
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Europium abundances for 74 F and G dwarf stars of the galactic disk have been determined. The stars were selected from the sample of Edvardsson et al. (1993, Cat. <J/A+A/275/101>) and [Eu/Fe] shows a smaller scatter and a slightly weaker trend with [Fe/H] than found by Woolf et al. (1995ApJ...453..660W). The data of the two analyses are homogeneized and merged.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/476/724
- Title:
- EW of 4 primary stars and the Sun
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/476/724
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Study of primary stars lying in Sirius-like systems with various masses of white dwarf (WD) companions and orbital separations is one of the key aspects to understand the origin and nature of barium (Ba) stars. In this paper, based on high-resolution and high-S/N spectra, we present systematic analysis of photospheric abundances for 18 FGK primary stars of Sirius-like systems including six giants and 12 dwarfs. Atmospheric parameters, stellar masses, and abundances of 24 elements (C, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, and Nd) are determined homogeneously. The abundance patterns in these sample stars show that most of the elements in our sample follow the behaviour of field stars with similar metallicity. As expected, s-process elements in four known Ba giants show overabundance. A weak correlation was found between anomalies of s-process elemental abundance and orbital separation, suggesting that the orbital separation of the binaries could not be the main constraint to differentiate strong Ba stars from mild Ba stars. Our study shows that the large mass (>0.51M_{sun}_) of a WD companion in a binary system is not a sufficient condition to form a Ba star, even if the separation between the two components is small. Although not sufficient, it seems to be a necessary condition since Ba stars with lower mass WDs in the observed sample were not found. Our results support that [s/Fe] and [hs/ls] ratios of Ba stars are anti-correlated with the metallicity. However, the different levels of s-process overabundance among Ba stars may not be dominated mainly by the metallicity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/449/761
- Title:
- EWs of metal-poor stars in the UMi I dSph galaxy
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/449/761
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present detailed chemical element abundance ratios of 17 elements with eight<=Z<=60 in three metal-poor stars in the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy, which we combine with extant data from the literature to assess the predictions of a novel suite of galaxy chemical evolution models. The spectroscopic data were obtained with the Keck/High-Resolution Echelle Spectrograph instrument and revealed low metallicities of [Fe/H]=-2.12, -2.13 and -2.67 dex. While the most metal-poor star in our sample shows an overabundance of [Mn/Fe] and other Fe-peak elements, our overall findings are in agreement with previous studies of this galaxy: elevated values of the [{alpha}/Fe] ratios that are similar to, or only slightly lower than, the halo values but with SN Ia enrichment at very low metallicity, as well as an enhancement of the ratio of first to second peak neutron capture elements [Y/Ba] with decreasing metallicity. The chemical evolution models which were tailored to reproduce the metallicity distribution function of the dwarf spheroidal, indicate that Ursa Minor had an extended star formation which lasted nearly 5 Gyr with low efficiency and are able to explain the [Y/Ba] enhancement at low metallicity for the first time. In particular, we show that the present-day lack of gas is probably due to continuous loss of gas from the system, which we model as winds.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/228/19
- Title:
- Exploring the SDSS data set. I. EMP & CV stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/228/19
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a search for extremely metal-poor (EMP), carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP), and cataclysmic variable (CV) stars using a new exploration tool based on linked scatter plots (LSPs). Our approach is especially designed to work with very large spectrum data sets such as the SDSS, LAMOST, RAVE, and Gaia data sets, and it can be applied to stellar, galaxy, and quasar spectra. As a demonstration, we conduct our search using the SDSS DR10 data set. We first created a 3326-dimensional phase space containing nearly 2 billion measures of the strengths of over 1600 spectral features in 569738 SDSS stars. These measures capture essentially all the stellar atomic and molecular species visible at the resolution of SDSS spectra. We show how LSPs can be used to quickly isolate and examine interesting portions of this phase space. To illustrate, we use LSPs coupled with cuts in selected portions of phase space to extract EMP stars, CEMP stars, and CV stars. We present identifications for 59 previously unrecognized candidate EMP stars and 11 previously unrecognized candidate CEMP stars. We also call attention to 2 candidate He II emission CV stars found by the LSP approach that have not yet been discussed in the literature.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/128/2402
- Title:
- Extremely metal-poor star candidates abundances
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/128/2402
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present chemical abundances for 110 stars identified in objective-prism surveys as candidates for being very metal-poor. The abundances are derived from high-S/N, intermediate-resolution spectra obtained with the Keck Observatory Echellette Spectrograph and Imager (ESI). An additional 25 stars with well-determined abundances ranging from [Fe/H]=-1.5 to -3.2 were observed and the results used to help calibrate our analysis and determine the accuracy of our abundance determinations. Abundances for the program stars were measured for Fe, Mg, Ca, Ti, Cr, and Ba with an accuracy of approximately 0.3dex. Fifty-three of the stars in our sample have [Fe/H]<=-2, 22 have [Fe/H]<=-2.5, and 13 have [Fe/H]<=-2.9. Surprisingly, approximately one-third of the sample is relatively metal-rich, with [Fe/H]>-1.5. In addition to identifying a number of extremely metal-poor stars, this study also shows that moderate-resolution spectra obtained with the Keck ESI yield relatively accurate abundances for stars as faint as V=14 with modest exposure time (~20 minutes). This capability will prove useful if the so-far elusive stars at [Fe/H]<-4 turn out to be mostly fainter than V=15.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/501/519
- Title:
- Extremely metal-poor turnoff stars abundances
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/501/519
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The detailed chemical abundances of extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars are key guides to understanding the early chemical evolution of the Galaxy. Most existing data, however, treat giant stars that may have experienced internal mixing later. We aim to compare the results for giants with new, accurate abundances for all observable elements in 18 EMP turnoff stars. VLT/UVES spectra at ~45000 and S/N ~130 per pixel (330-1000nm) are analysed with OSMARCS model atmospheres and the TURBOSPECTRUM code to derive abundances for C, Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Sr, and Ba. For Ca, Ni, Sr, and Ba, we find excellent consistency with our earlier sample of EMP giants, at all metallicities. However, our abundances of C, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn and Co are ~0.2dex larger than in giants of similar metallicity. Mg and Si abundances are ~0.2dex lower (the giant [Mg/Fe] values are slightly revised), while Zn is again ~0.4dex higher than in giants of similar [Fe/H] (6 stars only). For C, the dwarf/giant discrepancy could possibly have an astrophysical cause, but for the other elements it must arise from shortcomings in the analysis. Approximate computations of granulation (3D) effects yield smaller corrections for giants than for dwarfs, but suggest that this is an unlikely explanation, except perhaps for C, Cr, and Mn. NLTE computations for Na and Al provide consistent abundances between dwarfs and giants, unlike the LTE results, and would be highly desirable for the other discrepant elements as well. Meanwhile, we recommend using the giant abundances as reference data for Galactic chemical evolution models.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/522/A26
- Title:
- Fe Abundances in metal-poor stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/522/A26
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The determination of Lithium abundance A(Li) is extremely sensitive to the adopted temperature scale, so that a Teff bias might mimic a trend in A(Li). We present here VLT-UVES Li abundances for 28 halo dwarf stars between [Fe/H]=-2.5 and -3.5, 10 of which have [Fe/H]<-3. Four different Teff scales have been used: Direct Infrared Flux Method (IRFM) has been used on the basis of 2MASS infrared photometry; H{alpha} wings have been fitted against two synthetic grids computed by means of 1D LTE atmosphere models, and a grid of H{alpha} profiles computed by means of 3D hydrodynamical atmosphere models. As a result, we confirm previous claims that A(Li) does not exhibit a plateau below [Fe/H]=-3. A strong positive correlation with [Fe/H] appears, not influenced by the choice of the Teff estimator. From a linear fit, we obtain a strong slope of about 0.30 dex in A(Li) per dex in [Fe/H], significant to 2-3, and consistent within 1 among all the four Teff estimators. A significant slope is also detected in the A(Li)-Teff plane, driven mainly by the coolest stars in the sample (Teff<6250), which appear Li-poor. However, removing such stars does not alter significantly the behavior in the A(Li)-[Fe/H] plane. When the full sample is considered, the scatter in A(Li) increases by a factor of 2 towards lower metallicities, while the plateau appears very thin above [Fe/H]=-2.8. At this metallicity, the plateau lies at A(Li)3D,NLTE=2.199+/-0.086.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/404/661
- Title:
- Fe5270, Fe5335, Mgb and Mg_2_ synthetic indices
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/404/661
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have computed a grid of synthetic spectra in the wavelength range {lambda}{lambda}4600-5600{AA} using revised model atmospheres, for a range of atmospheric parameters and values of [alpha-elements/Fe]=0.0 and +0.4. The Lick indices Fe5270, Fe5335, Mgb and Mg_2_ are measured on the grid spectra, for FWHM=2 to 8.3{AA}. Relations between the indices Fe5270, Fe5335 and Mg_2_ and stellar parameters effective temperature T_eff_, logg, [Fe/H] and [alpha/Fe], valid in the range 4000K>=T_eff_>=7000K, are presented. These fitting functions are given for FWHM=3.5 and 8.3{AA}. The indices were also measured for a list of 97 reference stars with well-known stellar parameters observed at ESO and OHP, and these are compared to the computed indices. Finally, a comparison of the indices measured on the observed spectra and those derived from the fitting functions based on synthetic spectra is presented.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/604/A129
- Title:
- Formation of MW halo and its dwarf satellites
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/604/A129
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a homogeneous set of accurate atmospheric parameters for a complete sample of very and extremely metal-poor stars in the dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) Sculptor, Ursa Minor, Sextans, Fornax, Bootes I, Ursa Major II, and Leo IV. We also deliver a Milky Way (MW) comparison sample of giant stars covering the -4<[Fe/H]<-1.7 metallicity range. We show that, in the [Fe/H]=>-3.7 regime, the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) calculations with non-spectroscopic effective temperature (Teff) and surface gravity (log g) based on the photometric methods and known distance provide consistent abundances of the FeI and FeII lines. This justifies the FeI/FeII ionisation equilibrium method to determine log g for the MW halo giants with unknown distance. The atmospheric parameters of the dSphs and MW stars were checked with independent methods. In the [Fe/H]>-3.5 regime, the TiI/TiII ionisation equilibrium is fulfilled in the NLTE calculations. In the logg-Teff plane, all the stars sit on the giant branch of the evolutionary tracks corresponding to [Fe/H]=-2 to -4, in line with their metallicities. For some of the most metal-poor stars of our sample, we hardly achieve consistent NLTE abundances from the two ionisation stages for both iron and titanium. We suggest that this is a consequence of the uncertainty in the Teff-colour relation at those metallicities. The results of these work provide the base for a detailed abundance analysis presented in a companion paper.
