- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/448/946
- Title:
- Kepler eclipse timing variation analyses
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/448/946
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report eclipse timing variation analyses of 26 compact hierarchical triple stars comprised of an eccentric eclipsing ("inner") binary and a relatively close tertiary component found in the Kepler field. We simultaneously fit the primary and secondary O-C curves of each system for the light-traveltime effect (LTTE), as well as dynamical perturbations caused by the tertiary on different time-scales. For the first time, we include those contributions of three-body interactions which originate from the eccentric nature of the inner binary. These effects manifest themselves both on the period of the triple system, P_2_, and on the longer "apse-node" time-scale. We demonstrate that consideration of the dynamically forced rapid apsidal motion yields an efficient and independent tool for the determination of the binary orbit's eccentricity and orientation, as well as the 3D configuration of the triple. Modelling the forced apsidal motion also helps to resolve the degeneracy between the shapes of the LTTE and the dynamical delay terms on the P_2_ time-scale, due to the strong dependence of the apsidal motion period on the triple's mass ratio. This can lead to the independent determination of the binary and tertiary masses without the need for independent radial velocity measurements. Through the use of our analytic method for fitting O-C curves, we have obtained robust solutions for system parameters for the 10 most ideal triples of our sample, and only somewhat less robust, but yet acceptable, fits for the remaining systems. Finally, we study the results of our 26 system parameter fits via a set of distributions of various physically important parameters, including mutual inclination angle, and mass and period ratios.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/452/3561
- Title:
- Kepler eclipsing binary stars. K2 Campaign 0
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/452/3561
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The original Kepler mission observed and characterized over 2400 eclipsing binaries (EBs) in addition to its prolific exoplanet detections. Despite the mechanical malfunction and subsequent non-recovery of two reaction wheels used to stabilize the instrument, the Kepler satellite continues collecting data in its repurposed K2 mission surveying a series of fields along the ecliptic plane. Here, we present an analysis of the first full baseline K2 data release: the Campaign 0 data set. In the 7761 light curves we have identified a total of 207 EBs. Of these, 97 are new discoveries that were not previously identified. Our pixel-level analysis of these objects has also resulted in identification of several false positives (observed targets contaminated by neighbouring EBs), as well as the serendipitous discovery of two short-period exoplanet candidates. We provide catalogue cross-matched source identifications, orbital periods, morphologies and ephemerides for these eclipsing systems. We also describe the incorporation of the K2 sample into the Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog, present spectroscopic follow-up observations for a limited selection of nine systems and discuss prospects for upcoming K2 campaigns.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PASP/126/914
- Title:
- Kepler eclipsing binary stars. V.
- Short Name:
- J/PASP/126/914
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Over 2500 eclipsing binaries were identified and characterized from the ultraprecise photometric data provided by the Kepler space telescope. Kepler is now beginning its second mission, K2, which is proving to again provide ultraprecise photometry for a large sample of eclipsing binary stars. In the 1951 light curves covering 12 days in the K2 engineering dataset, we have identified and determined the ephemerides for 31 candidate eclipsing binaries that demonstrate the capabilities for eclipsing binary science in the upcoming campaigns in K2. Of those, 20 are new discoveries. We describe both manual and automated approaches to harvesting the complete set of eclipsing binaries in the K2 data, provide identifications and details for the full set of candidate eclipsing binaries present in the engineering dataset, and discuss the prospects for application of eclipsing binary searches in the K2 mission.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/141/83
- Title:
- Kepler Mission. I. Eclipsing binaries in DR1
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/141/83
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Kepler space mission is devoted to finding Earth-size planets orbiting other stars in their habitable zones. Its large, 105deg^2^ field of view features over 156,000 stars that are observed continuously to detect and characterize planet transits. Yet, this high-precision instrument holds great promise for other types of objects as well. Here we present a comprehensive catalog of eclipsing binary stars observed by Kepler in the first 44 days of operation, the data being publicly available through MAST as of 2010 June 15. The catalog contains 1879 unique objects.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/142/160
- Title:
- Kepler Mission. II. Eclipsing binaries in DR2
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/142/160
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Kepler Mission (launched in 2009 March) provides nearly continuous monitoring of ~156000 objects with unprecedented photometric precision. Coincident with the first data release, we presented a catalog of 1879 eclipsing binary systems identified within the 115deg^2^ Kepler field of view (FOV). Here, we provide an updated catalog from paper I (Prsa et al. 2011, Cat. J/AJ/141/83) augmented with the second Kepler data release which increases the baseline nearly fourfold to 125 days. Three hundred and eighty-six new systems have been added, ephemerides and principal parameters have been recomputed. We have removed 42 previously cataloged systems that are now clearly recognized as short-period pulsating variables and another 58 blended systems where we have determined that the Kepler target object is not itself the eclipsing binary. A number of interesting objects are identified. We present several exemplary cases: four eclipsing binaries that exhibit extra (tertiary) eclipse events; and eight systems that show clear eclipse timing variations indicative of the presence of additional bodies bound in the system. We have updated the period and galactic latitude distribution diagrams. With these changes, the total number of identified eclipsing binary systems in the Kepler FOV has increased to 2165, 1.4% of the Kepler target stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/147/45
- Title:
- Kepler mission. IV. Eclipse times for close binaries
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/147/45
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalog of precise eclipse times and analysis of third-body signals among 1279 close binaries in the latest Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog. For these short-period binaries, Kepler's 30 minute exposure time causes significant smearing of light curves. In addition, common astrophysical phenomena such as chromospheric activity, as well as imperfections in the light curve detrending process, can create systematic artifacts that may produce fictitious signals in the eclipse timings. We present a method to measure precise eclipse times in the presence of distorted light curves, such as in contact and near-contact binaries which exhibit continuously changing light levels in and out of eclipse. We identify 236 systems for which we find a timing variation signal compatible with the presence of a third body. These are modeled for the light travel time effect and the basic properties of the third body are derived. This study complements J. A. Orosz et al. (in preparation), which focuses on eclipse timing variations of longer period binaries with flat out-of-eclipse regions. Together, these two papers provide comprehensive eclipse timings for all binaries in the Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog, as an ongoing resource freely accessible online to the community.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/151/68
- Title:
- Kepler Mission. VII. Eclipsing binaries in DR3
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/151/68
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The primary Kepler Mission provided nearly continuous monitoring of ~200000 objects with unprecedented photometric precision. We present the final catalog of eclipsing binary systems within the 105deg^2^ Kepler field of view. This release incorporates the full extent of the data from the primary mission (Q0-Q17 Data Release). As a result, new systems have been added, additional false positives have been removed, ephemerides and principal parameters have been recomputed, classifications have been revised to rely on analytical models, and eclipse timing variations have been computed for each system. We identify several classes of systems including those that exhibit tertiary eclipse events, systems that show clear evidence of additional bodies, heartbeat systems, systems with changing eclipse depths, and systems exhibiting only one eclipse event over the duration of the mission. We have updated the period and galactic latitude distribution diagrams and included a catalog completeness evaluation. The total number of identified eclipsing and ellipsoidal binary systems in the Kepler field of view has increased to 2878, 1.3% of all observed Kepler targets. An online version of this catalog with downloadable content and visualization tools is maintained at http://keplerEBs.villanova.edu/.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/151/101
- Title:
- Kepler Mission. VIII. 285 false positives
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/151/101
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Kepler mission has provided unprecedented, nearly continuous photometric data of ~200000 objects in the ~105deg^2^ field of view (FOV) from the beginning of science operations in May of 2009 until the loss of the second reaction wheel in May of 2013. The Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog contains information including but not limited to ephemerides, stellar parameters, and analytical approximation fits for every known eclipsing binary system in the Kepler FOV. Using target pixel level data collected from Kepler in conjunction with the Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog, we identify false positives among eclipsing binaries, i.e., targets that are not eclipsing binaries themselves, but are instead contaminated by eclipsing binary sources nearby on the sky and show eclipsing binary signatures in their light curves. We present methods for identifying these false positives and for extracting new light curves for the true source of the observed binary signal. For each source, we extract three separate light curves for each quarter of available data by optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio, the relative percent eclipse depth, and the flux eclipse depth. We present 289 new eclipsing binaries in the Kepler FOV that were not targets for observation, and these have been added to the catalog. An online version of this catalog with downloadable content and visualization tools is maintained at http://keplerEBs.villanova.edu/.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/224/12
- Title:
- Kepler planetary candidates. VII. 48-month
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/224/12
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the seventh Kepler planet candidate (PC) catalog, which is the first catalog to be based on the entire, uniformly processed 48-month Kepler data set. This is the first fully automated catalog, employing robotic vetting procedures to uniformly evaluate every periodic signal detected by the Q1-Q17 Data Release 24 (DR24) Kepler pipeline. While we prioritize uniform vetting over the absolute correctness of individual objects, we find that our robotic vetting is overall comparable to, and in most cases superior to, the human vetting procedures employed by past catalogs. This catalog is the first to utilize artificial transit injection to evaluate the performance of our vetting procedures and to quantify potential biases, which are essential for accurate computation of planetary occurrence rates. With respect to the cumulative Kepler Object of Interest (KOI) catalog, we designate 1478 new KOIs, of which 402 are dispositioned as PCs. Also, 237 KOIs dispositioned as false positives (FPs) in previous Kepler catalogs have their disposition changed to PC and 118 PCs have their disposition changed to FPs. This brings the total number of known KOIs to 8826 and PCs to 4696. We compare the Q1-Q17 DR24 KOI catalog to previous KOI catalogs, as well as ancillary Kepler catalogs, finding good agreement between them. We highlight new PCs that are both potentially rocky and potentially in the habitable zone of their host stars, many of which orbit solar-type stars. This work represents significant progress in accurately determining the fraction of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone of Sun-like stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/648/A113
- Title:
- Kepler red giants in eclipsing binaries RVs
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/648/A113
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Eclipsing binaries (EBs) are unique targets for measuring accurate stellar properties and constraining stellar evolution models. In particular, it is possible to measure masses and radii at the few percent level for both components of a double-lined spectroscopic EB (SB2-EB). On the one hand, detached EBs hosting at least one star with detectable solar-like oscillations constitute ideal test objects to verify the ability of ensemble asteroseismology to derive stellar properties. On the other hand, the oscillations and surface activity of stars that belong to EBs offer unique information about the evolution of binary systems. This paper builds upon previous works dedicated to red giant stars (RG) in EBs; so far 20 known systems have been discovered by the NASA Kepler mission. We report the discovery of 16 RGs in EBs, which are also from the Kepler data, leading to a total of 36 confirmed RG stars in EBs from the original Kepler mission. This new sample includes three SB2-EBs with oscillations, resulting in a total of 14 known SB2-EBs with an oscillating RG component. This sample also includes six close systems in which the RG display a clear surface activity and complete oscillation suppression. Based on dedicated high-resolution spectroscopic observations (Apache Point Observatory, Observatoire de Haute Provence), we focus on three main aspects. Firstly, from the extended sample of 14 SB2-EBs, we confirm that the simple application of the asteroseismic scaling relations to RGs overestimates masses and radii of RGs by about 15% and 5 %. This bias can be reduced by employing either new asteroseismic reference values for RGs or model-based corrections of the asteroseismic parameters. Secondly, we confirm that close binarity leads to a high level of photometric modulation (up to 10%) and a suppression of solar-like oscillations. In particular, we show that it reduces the lifetime of radial modes by a factor of up to 10. Thirdly, we use our 16 new systems to complement previous observational studies that aimed to constrain tidal dissipation in interacting binaries. We confirm the important role of the equilibrium tide in binary evolution, but we also identify systems with circular orbits despite relatively young ages, which suggests the need to explore complementary tidal dissipation mechanisms in the future. Finally, as a by-product, we report the measurements of mass, radius, and age of three M-dwarf companion stars.
