- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/612/A99
- Title:
- Gaia-ESO Survey in 7 open star cluster fields
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/612/A99
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Determination and calibration of the ages of stars, which heavily rely on stellar evolutionary models, are very challenging, while representing a crucial aspect in many astrophysical areas. We describe the methodologies that, taking advantage of Gaia-DR1 and the Gaia-ESO Survey data, enable the comparison of observed open star cluster sequences with stellar evolutionary models. The final, long-term goal is the exploitation of open clusters as age calibrators. We perform a homogeneous analysis of eight open clusters using the Gaia-DR1 TGAS catalogue for bright members and information from the Gaia-ESO Survey for fainter stars. Cluster membership probabilities for the Gaia-ESO Survey targets are derived based on several spectroscopic tracers. The Gaia-ESO Survey also provides the cluster chemical composition. We obtain cluster parallaxes using two methods. The first one relies on the astrometric selection of a sample of bona fide members, while the other one fits the parallax distribution of a larger sample of TGAS sources. Ages and reddening values are recovered through a Bayesian analysis using the 2MASS magnitudes and three sets of standard models. Lithium depletion boundary (LDB) ages are also determined using literature observations and the same models employed for the Bayesian analysis. For all but one cluster, parallaxes derived by us agree with those presented in Gaia Collaboration (2017A&A...601A..19G, Cat. J/A+A/601/A19), while a discrepancy is found for NGC 2516; we provide evidence supporting our own determination. Inferred cluster ages are robust against models and are generally consistent with literature values. The systematic parallax errors inherent in the Gaia DR1 data presently limit the precision of our results. Nevertheless, we have been able to place these eight clusters onto the same age scale for the first time, with good agreement between isochronal and LDB ages where there is overlap. Our approach appears promising and demonstrates the potential of combining Gaia and ground-based spectroscopic datasets.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/591/A37
- Title:
- Gaia-ESO Survey. Parameters for cluster members
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/591/A37
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The nature of the metallicity gradient inside the solar circle (R_GC_<8kpc) is poorly understood, but studies of Cepheids and a small sample of open clusters suggest that it steepens in the inner disk. We investigate the metallicity gradient of the inner disk using a sample of inner disk open clusters that is three times larger than has previously been studied in the literature to better characterize the gradient in this part of the disk. We used the Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) [Fe/H] values and stellar parameters for stars in 12 open clusters in the inner disk from GES-UVES data. Cluster mean [Fe/H] values were determined based on a membership analysis for each cluster. Where necessary, distances and ages to clusters were determined via comparison to theoretical isochrones. The GES open clusters exhibit a radial metallicity gradient of -0.10+/-0.02dex/kpc, consistent with the gradient measured by other literature studies of field red giant stars and open clusters in the range R_GC_~6-12kpc. We also measure a trend of increasing [Fe/H] with increasing cluster age, as has also been found in the literature. We find no evidence for a steepening of the inner disk metallicity gradient inside the solar circle as earlier studies indicated. The age-metallicity relation shown by the clusters is consistent with that predicted by chemical evolution models that include the effects of radial migration, but a more detailed comparison between cluster observations and models would be premature.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/598/A68
- Title:
- Gaia-ESO Survey. Trumpler 23
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/598/A68
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Trumpler 23 is a moderately populated, intermediate-age open cluster within the solar circle at a R_GC_~6kpc. It is in a crowded field very close to the Galactic plane and the color-magnitude diagram shows significant field contamination and possible differential reddening; it is a relatively understudied cluster for these reasons, but its location makes it a key object for determining Galactic abundance distributions. New data from the Gaia-ESO Survey enable the first ever radial velocity and spectroscopic metallicity measurements for this cluster. We aim to use velocities to isolate cluster members, providing more leverage for determining cluster parameters. Gaia-ESO Survey data for 167 potential members have yielded radial velocity measurements, which were used to determine the systemic velocity of the cluster and membership of individual stars. Atmospheric parameters were also used as a check on membership when available. Literature photometry was used to re-determine cluster parameters based on radial velocity member stars only; theoretical isochrones are fit in the V, V-I diagram. Cluster abundance measurements of ten radial-velocity member stars with high-resolution spectroscopy are presented for 24 elements. These abundances have been compared to local disk stars, and where possible placed within the context of literature gradient studies. We find Trumpler 23 to have an age of 0.80+/-0.10Gyr, significant differential reddening with an estimated mean cluster E(V-I) of 1.02^+0.14^_-0.09_, and an apparent distance modulus of 14.15+/-0.20. We find an average cluster metallicity of [Fe/H]=0.14+/-0.03dex, a solar [{alpha}/Fe] abundance, and notably subsolar [s-process/Fe] abundances.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/159/280
- Title:
- Gaia-Kepler stellar properties catalog.I. KIC stars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/159/280
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- An accurate and precise Kepler Stellar Properties Catalog is essential for the interpretation of the Kepler exoplanet survey results. Previous Kepler Stellar Properties Catalogs have focused on reporting the best-available parameters for each star, but this has required combining data from a variety of heterogeneous sources. We present the Gaia-Kepler Stellar Properties Catalog, a set of stellar properties of 186301 Kepler stars, homogeneously derived from isochrones and broadband photometry, Gaia Data Release 2 parallaxes, and spectroscopic metallicities, where available. Our photometric effective temperatures, derived from g to Ks colors, are calibrated on stars with interferometric angular diameters. Median catalog uncertainties are 112K for Teff, 0.05dex for logg, 4% for R_*_, 7% for M_*_, 13% for {rho}_*_, 10% for L_*_, and 56% for stellar age. These precise constraints on stellar properties for this sample of stars will allow unprecedented investigations into trends in stellar and exoplanet properties as a function of stellar mass and age. In addition, our homogeneous parameter determinations will permit more accurate calculations of planet occurrence and trends with stellar properties.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/534/A91
- Title:
- Galactic Bulge Valinhos Observatory Catalog
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/534/A91
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The definition, construction and realization of a reference system is one of the oldest and most fundamental tasks of astronomy. Currently, the ICRS (International Celestial Reference System), realized by the ICRF (International Celestial Reference Frame) or ICRF2, is the reference system adopted by the IAU. It is based on the very precise VLBI positions of a few hundred compact extragalactic radio sources. Despite its excellent precision, the ICRF is far from providing a reference system that is available for the entire sky and accessible to all observers. The ICRF has to be densified and extended to other wavelengths, mainly to the optical domain where the astronomical activities are more intense. For this reason, the IAU has recommended and encouraged works in this direction over the years. Many of them were developed to give sometimes good positions and proper motions, but they are very limited in magnitude, while others are extremely dense and deep in magnitude but have low accuracy, mainly for the proper motions. Nevertheless, all these contributions are very important because they are complementary. We present a homogeneous and precise optical astrometric catalog that extends the ICRF in the direction of 12 low-extinction windows of the Galactic bulge and provides at the same time a useful database for kinematic studies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/153/99
- Title:
- Galactic outer disk: a field toward Tombaugh 1
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/153/99
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We employ optical photometry and high-resolution spectroscopy to study a field toward the open cluster Tombaugh 1, where we identify a complex population mixture that we describe in terms of young and old Galactic thin disks. Of particular interest is the spatial distribution of the young population, which consists of dwarfs with spectral types as early as B6 and is distributed in a blue plume feature in the color-magnitude diagram. For the first time, we confirm spectroscopically that most of these stars are early-type stars and not blue stragglers or halo/thick-disk subdwarfs. Moreover, they are not evenly distributed along the line of sight but crowd at heliocentric distances between 6.6 and 8.2 kpc. We compare these results with present-day understanding of the spiral structure of the Galaxy and suggest that they trace the outer arm. This range of distances challenges current Galactic models adopting a disk cutoff at 14 kpc from the Galactic center. The young dwarfs overlap in space with an older component, which is identified as an old Galactic thin disk. Both young and old populations are confined in space since the disk is warped at the latitude and longitude of Tombaugh 1. The main effects of the warp are that the line of sight intersects the disk and entirely crosses it at the outer arm distance and that there are no traces of the closer Perseus arm, which would then be either unimportant in this sector or located much closer to the formal Galactic plane. Finally, we analyze a group of giant stars, which turn out to be located at very different distances and to possess very different chemical properties, with no obvious relation to the other populations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/483/3196
- Title:
- GALAH carbon-enhanced stars & CEMP candidates
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/483/3196
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Swan bands - characteristic molecular absorption features of the C2 molecule - are a spectroscopic signature of carbon-enhanced stars. They can also be used to identify carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars. The GALAH (GALactic Archaeology with Hermes) is a magnitude-limited survey of stars producing high-resolution, high-signal-to-noise spectra. We used 627708 GALAH spectra to search for carbon-enhanced stars with a supervised and unsupervised classification algorithm, relying on the imprint of the Swan bands. We identified 918 carbon-enhanced stars, including 12 already described in the literature. An unbiased selection function of the GALAH survey allows us to perform a population study of carbon-enhanced stars. Most of them are giants, out of which we find 28 CEMP candidates. A large fraction of our carbon-enhanced stars with repeated observations show variation in radial velocity, hinting that there is a large fraction of variables among them. 32 of the detected stars also show strong Lithium enhancement in their spectra.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/465/3203
- Title:
- GALAH observational overview
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/465/3203
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Galactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) Survey is a massive observational project to trace the Milky Way's history of star formation, chemical enrichment, stellar migration and minor mergers. Using high-resolution (R~28,000) spectra taken with the High Efficiency and Resolution Multi-Element Spectrograph (HERMES) instrument at the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT), GALAH will determine stellar parameters and abundances of up to 29 elements for up to one million stars. Selecting targets from a colour-unbiased catalogue built from 2MASS, APASS and UCAC4 data, we expect to observe dwarfs at 0.3 to 3kpc and giants at 1 to 10kpc. This enables a thorough local chemical inventory of the Galactic thin and thick disks, and also captures smaller samples of the bulge and halo. In this paper we present the plan, process and progress as of early 2016 for GALAH survey observations. In our first two years of survey observing we have accumulated the largest high-quality spectroscopic data set at this resolution, over 200,000 stars. We also present the first public GALAH data catalogue: stellar parameters (Teff, log(g), [Fe/H], [alpha/Fe]), radial velocity, distance modulus and reddening for 10680 observations of 9860 Tycho-2 stars that may be included in the first Gaia data release.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/638/A145
- Title:
- GALAH survey. FGK binary stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/638/A145
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Binary stellar systems form a large fraction of the Galaxy's stars. They are useful as laboratories for studying the physical processes taking place within stars, and must be correctly taken into account when observations of stars are used to study the structure and evolution of the Galaxy. We present a sample of 12760 well-characterised double-lined spectroscopic binaries that are appropriate for statistical studies of the binary populations. They were detected as SB2s using a t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE) classification and a cross-correlation analysis of GALAH spectra. This sample consists mostly of dwarfs, with a significant fraction of evolved stars and several dozen members of the giant branch. To compute parameters of the primary and secondary star (Teff[1,2], logg[1,2], [Fe/H], Vr[1,2], vmic[1,2], vbroad[1,2], R[1,2], and E(B-V)), we used a Bayesian approach that includes a parallax prior from Gaia DR2, spectra from GALAH, and apparent magnitudes from APASS, Gaia DR2, 2MASS, and WISE. The derived stellar properties and their distributions show trends that are expected for a population of close binaries (a<10AU) with mass ratios 0.5<=q<=1. The derived metallicity of these binary stars is statistically lower than that of single dwarf stars from the same magnitude-limited sample.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/491/3586
- Title:
- 611 {gamma} Doradus stars Kepler data
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/491/3586
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report our survey of {gamma} Dor stars from the 4-yr Kepler mission. These stars pulsate mainly in g modes and r modes, showing period-spacing patterns in the amplitude spectra. The period-spacing patterns are sensitive to the chemical composition gradients and the near-core rotation, hence they are essential for understanding the stellar interior. We identified period-spacing patterns in 611 {gamma} Dor stars. Almost every star pulsates in dipole g modes, while about 30 per cent of stars also show clear patterns for quadrupole g modes and 16 per cent of stars present r-mode patterns. We measure periods, period spacings, and the gradient of the period spacings. These three observables guide the mode identifications and can be used to estimate the near-core rotation rate. We find many stars are hotter and show longer period-spacing patterns than theory. Using the traditional approximation of rotation (TAR), we inferred the asymptotic spacings, the near-core rotation rates, and the radial orders of the g and r modes. Most stars have a near-core rotation rate around 1d^-1^ and an asymptotic spacing around 4000s. We also find that many stars rotate more slowly than predicted by theory for unclear reasons. 11 stars show rotational splittings with fast rotation rates. We compared the observed slope-rotation relation with the theory and find a large spread. We detected rotational modulations in 58 stars and used them to derive the core-to-surface rotation ratios. The interiors rotate faster than the cores in most stars, but by no more than 5 per cent.
