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81. Kepler Objects of Interest (KOI)
ID:
ivo://archive.stsci.edu/kepler_koi
Title:
Kepler Objects of Interest (KOI)
Short Name:
KOI CS
Date:
12 Feb 2020 19:51:12
Publisher:
Space Telescope Science Institute Archive
Description:
Launched in 2009, the Kepler Mission is surveying a region of our galaxy to determine what fraction of stars in our galaxy have planets and measure the size distribution of those exoplanets. Although Kepler completed its primary mission to determine the fraction of stars that have planets in 2013, it is continuing the search, using a more limited survey mode, under the new name K2. KOI is the Kepler Objects of Interest catalog listing observed Kepler targets which are flagged as potentially having exoplanets but may be false positives caused by other types of transient detection. This catalog is produced by the Kepler project and brought to MAST via NExScI.
82. Kepler pipeline transit signal recovery. III.
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/828/99
Title:
Kepler pipeline transit signal recovery. III.
Short Name:
J/ApJ/828/99
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
With each new version of the Kepler pipeline and resulting planet candidate catalog, an updated measurement of the underlying planet population can only be recovered with a corresponding measurement of the Kepler pipeline detection efficiency. Here we present measurements of the sensitivity of the pipeline (version 9.2) used to generate the Q1-Q17 DR24 planet candidate catalog. We measure this by injecting simulated transiting planets into the pixel-level data of 159013 targets across the entire Kepler focal plane, and examining the recovery rate. Unlike previous versions of the Kepler pipeline, we find a strong period dependence in the measured detection efficiency, with longer (>40 day) periods having a significantly lower detectability than shorter periods, introduced in part by an incorrectly implemented veto. Consequently, the sensitivity of the 9.2 pipeline cannot be cast as a simple one-dimensional function of the signal strength of the candidate planet signal, as was possible for previous versions of the pipeline. We report on the implications for occurrence rate calculations based on the Q1-Q17 DR24 planet candidate catalog, and offer important caveats and recommendations for performing such calculations. As before, we make available the entire table of injected planet parameters and whether they were recovered by the pipeline, enabling readers to derive the pipeline detection sensitivity in the planet and/or stellar parameter space of their choice.
83. Kepler planetary cand. VIII. DR25 reliability
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/235/38
Title:
Kepler planetary cand. VIII. DR25 reliability
Short Name:
J/ApJS/235/38
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present the Kepler Object of Interest (KOI) catalog of transiting exoplanets based on searching 4yr of Kepler time series photometry (Data Release 25, Q1-Q17: Twicken+, 2016, J/AJ/152/158). The catalog contains 8054 KOIs, of which 4034 are planet candidates with periods between 0.25 and 632 days. Of these candidates, 219 are new, including two in multiplanet systems (KOI-82.06 and KOI-2926.05) and 10 high-reliability, terrestrial-size, habitable zone candidates. This catalog was created using a tool called the Robovetter, which automatically vets the DR25 threshold crossing events (TCEs). The Robovetter also vetted simulated data sets and measured how well it was able to separate TCEs caused by noise from those caused by low signal-to-noise transits. We discuss the Robovetter and the metrics it uses to sort TCEs. For orbital periods less than 100 days the Robovetter completeness (the fraction of simulated transits that are determined to be planet candidates) across all observed stars is greater than 85%. For the same period range, the catalog reliability (the fraction of candidates that are not due to instrumental or stellar noise) is greater than 98%. However, for low signal-to-noise candidates between 200 and 500 days around FGK-dwarf stars, the Robovetter is 76.7% complete and the catalog is 50.5% reliable.
84. Kepler planet masses, radii and orbital periods
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/880/L1
Title:
Kepler planet masses, radii and orbital periods
Short Name:
J/ApJ/880/L1
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Structure in the planet distribution provides an insight into the processes that shape the formation and evolution of planets. The Kepler mission has led to an abundance of statistical discoveries in regards to planetary radius, but the number of observed planets with measured masses is much smaller. By incorporating results from recent mass determination programs, we have discovered a new gap emerging in the planet population for sub-Neptune-mass planets with orbital periods less than 20 days. The gap follows a slope of decreasing mass with increasing orbital period, has a width of a few M_{Earth}_, and is potentially completely devoid of planets. Fitting Gaussian mixture models to the planet population in this region favors a bimodel distribution over a unimodel one with a reduction in Bayesian information criterion of 19.9, highlighting the gap significance. We discuss several processes that could generate such a feature in the planet distribution, including a pileup of planets above the gap region, tidal interactions with the host star, dynamical interactions with the disk, with other planets, or with accreting material during the formation process.
85. Kepler Published Planets
ID:
ivo://archive.stsci.edu/kepler_published_planets
Title:
Kepler Published Planets
Short Name:
K Pub Planets
Date:
12 Feb 2020 19:41:28
Publisher:
Space Telescope Science Institute Archive
Description:
"Kepler Published Planets" is a catalog created from NExScI catalogs listing of published exoplanets found using Kepler. All included metadata is from the published paper.
86. Kepler Target Search
ID:
ivo://archive.stsci.edu/kepler_fov
Title:
Kepler Target Search
Short Name:
KIC_CT
Date:
12 Feb 2020 19:50:32
Publisher:
Space Telescope Science Institute Archive
Description:
The Kepler Target Search interface provides access to a 12.5 million row table created by MAST by joining entries from the Kepler Input catalog (KIC) with the Kepler Characteristics table (CT) and merging these with "associated" entries from the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (IRT) project, the USNOb catalog, GALEX, the Kepler Isaac Newton Telescope Survey (KIS), and the Everett KPNO (UBV) survey. The search interface allows users to find targets within the Kepler field of view (FOV) and allows searches on magnitudes, colors, and other parameters for both KIC and associated non-KIC targets. This is the recommended interface for potential guest observers to locate possible targets for observation. GO proposers however should check on the target's position by either (or both) looking to one of our posted FFI images and seeing if it is on a chip, and (2) confirming this with the GO office.
87. Kepler TTVs for 6 exomoon candidates
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/900/L44
Title:
Kepler TTVs for 6 exomoon candidates
Short Name:
J/ApJ/900/L44
Date:
15 Feb 2022 13:03:49
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
It has been recently claimed that KOIs-268.01, 303.01, 1888.01, 1925.01, 2728.01, and 3320.01 are exomoon candidates, based on an analysis of their transit timing. Here, we perform an independent investigation, which is framed in terms of three questions: (1) Are there significant transit timing variations (TTVs)? (2) Is there a significant periodic TTV? (3) Is there evidence for a nonzero moon mass? We applied rigorous statistical methods to these questions alongside a reanalysis of the Kepler photometry and find that none of the Kepler objects of interest (KOIs) satisfy our three tests. Specifically, KOIs-268.01 and 3220.01 pass none of the tests and KOIs-303.01, 1888.01, and 1925.01 pass a single test each. Only KOI-2728.01 satisfies two, but fails the cross-validation test for predictions. Further, detailed photodynamical modeling reveals that KOI-2728.01 favors a negative-radius moon (as does KOI-268.01). We also note that we find a significant photoeccentric effect for KOI-1925.01 indicating an eccentric orbit of at least e>(0.62+/-0.06). For comparison, we applied the same tests to Kepler-1625b, which reveals that (1) and (3) are passed, but (2) cannot be checked with the cross- validation method used here, due to the limited number of available epochs. In conclusion, we find no compelling evidence for exomoons among the six KOIs. Despite this, we were able to derive exomoon mass upper limits versus semimajor axis, with KOI-3220.01 leading to particularly impressive constraints of MS/MP<0.4% [2{sigma}] at a similar semimajor to that of the Earth-Moon.
88. 4 K giants velocity curves
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/644/A1
Title:
4 K giants velocity curves
Short Name:
J/A+A/644/A1
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present radial-velocity (RV) measurements for the K giant stars HD 25723, 17 Sco, 3 Cnc and 44 UMa, taken at the Lick Observatory between 2000 and 2011. The best Keplerian fits to the data yield minimum masses of 2.5MJup and 4.3M_Jup_ for the planets orbiting HD 25723 and 17 Sco, respectively. The minimum masses of an additional candidate around HD 25723, and of planet candidates around 3 Cnc and 44 UMa, would be 1.3M_Jup_, 20.7M_Jup_ and 12.1M_Jup_, respectively.
89. KOINet. Study of exoplanet systems via TTVs
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/615/A79
Title:
KOINet. Study of exoplanet systems via TTVs
Short Name:
J/A+A/615/A79
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
During its four years of photometric observations, the Kepler space telescope detected thousands of exoplanets and exoplanet candidates. One of Kepler's greatest heritages has been the confirmation and characterization of hundreds of multi-planet systems via transit timing variations (TTVs). However, there are many interesting candidate systems displaying TTVs on such long timescales that the existing Kepler observations are of insufficient length to confirm and characterize them by means of this technique. To continue with Kepler's unique work, we have organized the "Kepler Object of Interest Network" (KOINet), a multi-site network formed of several telescopes located throughout America, Europe, and Asia. The goals of KOINet are to complete the TTV curves of systems where Kepler did not cover the interaction timescales well, to dynamically prove that some candidates are true planets (or not), to dynamically measure the masses and bulk densities of some planets, to find evidence for non-transiting planets in some of the systems, to extend Kepler's baseline adding new data with the main purpose of improving current models of TTVs, and to build a platform that can observe almost anywhere on the northern hemisphere, at almost any time. KOINet has been operational since March 2014. Here we show some promising first results obtained from analyzing seven primary transits of KOI-0410.01, KOI-0525.01, KOI-0760.01, and KOI-0902.01, in addition to the Kepler data acquired during the first and second observing seasons of KOINet. While carefully choosing the targets we set demanding constraints on timing precision (at least 1 min) and photometric precision (as good as one part per thousand) that were achieved by means of our observing strategies and data analysis techniques. For KOI-0410.01, new transit data revealed a turnover of its TTVs. We carried out an in-depth study of the system, which is identified in the NASA Data Validation Report as a false positive. Among others, we investigated a gravitationally bound hierarchical triple star system and a planet-star system. While the simultaneous transit fitting of ground- and space-based data allowed for a planet solution, we could not fully reject the three-star scenario. New data, already scheduled in the upcoming 2018 observing season, will set tighter constraints on the nature of the system.
90. K2 planetary systems orbiting low-mass stars
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/154/207
Title:
K2 planetary systems orbiting low-mass stars
Short Name:
J/AJ/154/207
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We recently used near-infrared spectroscopy to improve the characterization of 76 low-mass stars around which K2 had detected 79 candidate transiting planets. 29 of these worlds were new discoveries that had not previously been published. We calculate the false positive probabilities that the transit-like signals are actually caused by non-planetary astrophysical phenomena and reject five new transit-like events and three previously reported events as false positives. We also statistically validate 17 planets (7 of which were previously unpublished), confirm the earlier validation of 22 planets, and announce 17 newly discovered planet candidates. Revising the properties of the associated planet candidates based on the updated host star characteristics and refitting the transit photometry, we find that our sample contains 21 planets or planet candidates with radii smaller than 1.25 R_{Earth}_, 18 super-Earths (1.25-2 R_{Earth}_), 21 small Neptunes (2-4 R_{Earth}_), three large Neptunes (4-6 R_{Earth}_), and eight giant planets (>6 R_{Earth}_). Most of these planets are highly irradiated, but EPIC 206209135.04 (K2-72e, 1.29_-0.13_^+0.14^ R_{Earth}_), EPIC 211988320.01 (R_p_=2.86_-0.15_^+0.16^ R_{Earth}_), and EPIC 212690867.01 (2.20_-0.18_^+0.19^ R_{Earth}_) orbit within optimistic habitable zone boundaries set by the "recent Venus" inner limit and the "early Mars" outer limit. In total, our planet sample includes eight moderately irradiated 1.5-3 R_{Earth}_ planet candidates (F_p_~<20 F_{Earth}_) orbiting brighter stars (Ks<11) that are well-suited for atmospheric investigations with the Hubble, Spitzer, and/or James Webb Space Telescopes. Five validated planets orbit relatively bright stars (Kp<12.5) and are expected to yield radial velocity semi-amplitudes of at least 2 m/s. Accordingly, they are possible targets for radial velocity mass measurement with current facilities or the upcoming generation of red optical and near-infrared high-precision RV spectrographs.