- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/122/611
- Title:
- Caltech Faint Galaxy Redshift Survey. XV.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/122/611
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To circumvent the spatial effects of resolution on galaxy classification, the images of 233 objects of known redshift in the Hubble Deep Field (HDF) and its flanking fields that have redshifts in the range 0.20<z<1.10 were degraded to the resolution that they would have had if they were all located at a redshift of z=1.00. As in Paper XIV (Cat. <J/AJ/120/2190>) of the present series, the effects of shifts in rest wavelength were mitigated by using R-band images for the classification of galaxies with 0.2<z<0.6 and I-band images for objects with redshifts 0.6<z<1.1. A special effort was made to search for bars in distant galaxies. The present data strongly confirm the previous conclusion that the Hubble tuning fork diagram only provides a satisfactory framework for the classification of galaxies with z<0.3. More distant disk galaxies are often difficult to shoehorn into the Hubble classification scheme. The paucity of barred spirals and grand-design spirals at large redshifts is confirmed. It is concluded that the morphology of disk galaxies observed at look-back times smaller than 3-4Gyr differs systematically from that of more distant galaxies viewed at look-back times of 4-8Gyr. The disks of late-type spirals at z>0.5 are seen to be more chaotic than those of their nearer counterparts. Furthermore, the spiral structure in distant early-type spirals appears to be less well developed than it is in nearby early galaxies.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/458/963
- Title:
- CANDELS galaxy structure classification
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/458/963
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Important but rare and subtle processes driving galaxy morphology and star formation may be missed by traditional spiral, elliptical, irregular or Sersic bulge/disc classifications. To overcome this limitation, we use a principal component analysis (PCA) of non-parametric morphological indicators (concentration, asymmetry, Gini coefficient, M_20_, multimode, intensity and deviation) measured at rest-frame B band (corresponding to HST/WFC3 F125W at 1.4<z<2) to trace the natural distribution of massive (>10^10^M_{sun}_) galaxy morphologies. PCA quantifies the correlations between these morphological indicators and determines the relative importance of each. The first three principal components (PCs) capture ~75 per cent of the variance inherent to our sample. We interpret the first PC as bulge strength, the second PC as dominated by concentration and the third PC as dominated by asymmetry. Both PC1 and PC2 correlate with the visual appearance of a central bulge and predict galaxy quiescence. PC1 is a better predictor of quenching than stellar mass, as good as other structural indicators (Sersic-n or compactness). We divide the PCA results into groups using an agglomerative hierarchical clustering method. Unlike Sersic, this classification scheme separates compact galaxies from larger, smooth protoelliptical systems, and star-forming disc-dominated clumpy galaxies from star-forming bulge-dominated asymmetric galaxies. Distinguishing between these galaxy structural types in a quantitative manner is an important step towards understanding the connections between morphology, galaxy assembly and star formation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/775/106
- Title:
- CANDELS passive and massive early-type galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/775/106
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We study the evolution of the number density, as a function of the size, of passive early-type galaxies (ETGs) with a wide range of stellar masses (10^10^M_{sun}_<M_*_<~10^11.5^M_{sun}_) from z~3 to z~1, exploiting the unique data set available in the GOODS-South field, including the recently obtained WFC3 images as part of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). In particular, we select a sample of ~107 massive (M_*_>10^10^M_{sun}_), passive (SSFR<10^-2^/Gyr), and morphologically spheroidal galaxies at 1.2<z<3, taking advantage of the panchromatic data set available for GOODS, including VLT, CFHT, Spitzer, Chandra, and HST ACS+WFC3 data. We find that at 1<z<3 the passively evolving ETGs are the reddest and most massive objects in the universe, and we prove that a correlation between mass, morphology, color, and star formation activity is already in place at that epoch. We measure a significant evolution in the mass-size relation of passive ETGs from z~3 to z~1, with galaxies growing on average by a factor of two in size in a 3Gyr timescale only. We also witness an increase in the number density of passive ETGs of 50 times over the same time interval. We find that the first ETGs to form at z>~2 are all compact or ultra-compact, while normal-sized ETGs (meaning ETGs with sizes comparable to those of local counterparts of the same mass) are the most common ETGs only at z<1. The increase of the average size of ETGs at 0<z<1 is primarily driven by the appearance of new large ETGs rather than by the size increase of individual galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/221/11
- Title:
- CANDELS visual classifications for GOODS-S
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/221/11
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have undertaken an ambitious program to visually classify all galaxies in the five CANDELS fields down to H<24.5 involving the dedicated efforts of over 65 individual classifiers. Once completed, we expect to have detailed morphological classifications for over 50000 galaxies spanning 0<z<4 over all the fields, with classifications from 3 to 5 independent classifiers for each galaxy. Here, we present our detailed visual classification scheme, which was designed to cover a wide range of CANDELS science goals. This scheme includes the basic Hubble sequence types, but also includes a detailed look at mergers and interactions, the clumpiness of galaxies, k-corrections, and a variety of other structural properties. In this paper, we focus on the first field to be completed --GOODS-S, which has been classified at various depths. The wide area coverage spanning the full field (wide+deep+ERS) includes 7634 galaxies that have been classified by at least three different people. In the deep area of the field, 2534 galaxies have been classified by at least five different people at three different depths. With this paper, we release to the public all of the visual classifications in GOODS-S along with the Perl/Tk GUI that we developed to classify galaxies. We present our initial results here, including an analysis of our internal consistency and comparisons among multiple classifiers as well as a comparison to the Sersic index. We find that the level of agreement among classifiers is quite good (>70% across the full magnitude range) and depends on both the galaxy magnitude and the galaxy type, with disks showing the highest level of agreement (>50%) and irregulars the lowest (<10%). A comparison of our classifications with the Sersic index and rest-frame colors shows a clear separation between disk and spheroid populations. Finally, we explore morphological k-corrections between the V-band and H-band observations and find that a small fraction (84 galaxies in total) are classified as being very different between these two bands. These galaxies typically have very clumpy and extended morphology or are very faint in the V-band.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/RAA/17.62
- Title:
- Candidate members of 4 stellar streams
- Short Name:
- J/other/RAA/17.6
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present candidate members of the Pal 5, GD-1, Cetus Polar and Orphan tidal stellar streams found in LAMOST DR3, SDSS DR9 and APOGEE catalogs. In LAMOST DR3, we find 20, 4 and 24 high confidence candidates of tidal streams GD-1, Cetus Polar and Orphan respectively. We also list 59, 118 and 10 high confidence candidates of tidal streams Cetus Polar, Orphan and Pal 5, respectively from the SDSS DR9 spectroscopic catalog. Furthermore, we find seven high confidence candidates of the Pal 5 tidal stream in the APOGEE data. Compared with SDSS, the new candidates from LAMOST DR3 are brighter, so that together, more of the color-magnitude diagram, including the giant branch, can be explored. Analysis of the SDSS data shows that there are three metallicity peaks associated with the Orphan stream which also exhibit some spatial separation. The LAMOST data confirm multiple metallicities in this stream. The metallicity, given by the higher resolution APOGEE instrument, of the Pal 5 tidal stream is [Fe/H]~-1.2, higher than that given earlier by SDSS spectra. Many previously unidentified stream members are tabulated here for the first time, along with existing members, allowing future researchers to further constrain the orbits of these objects as they move within the Galaxy's dark matter potential.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/RAA/19.127
- Title:
- C- and S-shaped radio galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/other/RAA/19.1
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We study the environment of radio galaxies with different morphological types using the Proctor sample, which was built from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters (FIRST) survey archive. Among the 15 radio galaxy types classified by Proctor, 199 C-shaped (i.e., wide- or narrow-angle tail) and 203 S-shaped (i.e., S- or Z-shaped) sources are selected in this work, which are located in the redshift range of 0.02<z<1, because these two subsamples are relatively larger than the other subsamples in the Proctor sample. By cross-matching these radio galaxies with the optical sources drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) database and counting the SDSS sources with an r-band absolute magnitude brighter than -19 located within a 0.5Mpc distance around each source (i.e., the richness), we find that the fraction of C-shaped sources with a richness above 10 is larger than that of S-shaped sources. We have also correlated the radio galaxies in our sample with the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) defined in the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), and infer that the C-shaped sources are more likely to be BCGs than the S-shaped sources. These results support the idea that C-shaped radio galaxies often reside in a richer environment than radio galaxies with other morphological types.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/862/100
- Title:
- Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey VII. S0 galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/862/100
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using high-quality optical images from the Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey, we perform multicomponent decompositions of S0 galaxies (S0s) to derive accurate structural parameters to constrain their physical origin. Many S0s do not host prominent bulges. S0s have a broad distribution of bulge-to-total ratios (B/T) and Sersic indices (n), with average values of B/T=0.34+/-0.15 and n=2.62+/-1.02, qualitatively consistent with the notion that S0s define a parallel sequence with and may have evolved from spiral galaxies. This is further reinforced by the incidence of bars and lenses in S0s, which, when compared with the statistics in spirals, supports the idea that lenses are demised bars. However, despite their wide range of prominence, the bulges of S0s form a surprisingly uniform sequence on both the Kormendy and fundamental plane relations. There is no evidence for population dichotomy or other indications of differentiation into classical and pseudo bulges. Most of the S0s reside in the field and in groups; cluster environment is not a necessary condition for S0 production. The properties of S0 bulges show little correlation with environmental indicators, after the dependence of galaxy stellar mass on environment is taken into account. As the bulges of late-type spirals and S0s are intrinsically different, and environmental effects that may account for such evolution appear to be minimal, we conclude that late- type spirals are not plausible progenitors of S0s. The bulges of S0s likely formed at an early epoch, after which secular processes contributed little to their subsequent evolution.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/659/162
- Title:
- CAS parameters of 199 nearby galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/659/162
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a quantitative analysis of the morphologies for 199 nearby galaxies as parameterized with measurements of the concentration, asymmetry, and clumpiness (CAS) parameters at wavelengths from 0.15 to 0.85um. We find that these CAS parameters depend on both galaxy type and the wavelength of observation. As such, we use them to obtain a quantitative measure of the "morphological k-correction", i.e., the change in appearance of a galaxy with rest-frame wavelength.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/744/82
- Title:
- Catalog of cosmic voids from the SDSS-DR7
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/744/82
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using a large sample of galaxies from the the seventh data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-DR7), we have analyzed the alignment of disk galaxies around cosmic voids. We have constructed a complete sample of cosmic voids (devoid of galaxies brighter than M_r_-5log h=-20.17) with radii larger than 10h^-1^Mpc up to redshift 0.12. Disk galaxies in shells around these voids have been used to look for particular alignments between the angular momentum of the galaxies and the radial direction of the voids. We find that disk galaxies around voids larger than >~15h^-1^Mpc within distances not much larger than 5h^-1^Mpc from the surface of the voids present a significant tendency to have their angular momenta aligned with the void's radial direction with a significance >~98.8% against the null hypothesis. The strength of this alignment is dependent on the void's radius and for voids with a radius >~15h^-1^Mpc the distribution of the orientation of the galaxies is compatible with a random distribution. Finally, we find that this trend observed in the alignment of galaxies is similar to the one observed for the minor axis of dark matter halos around cosmic voids found in cosmological simulations, suggesting a possible link in the evolution of both components.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/128/62
- Title:
- Catalog of double nucleus disk galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/128/62
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have compiled a catalog of disk galaxies that have a double nucleus, through systematic examination of existing catalogs and publications. The Catalog of Double Nucleus Disk Galaxies includes 107 objects, together with their basic data. The aim of the catalog is to provide a more systematic and homogeneous basis for the study of the relevance of galaxy interactions and minor mergers in the formation of these double nuclei. We have also investigated possible correlations between geometric and photometric parameters of the double nuclei and their host galaxies. The preliminary results indicate the presence of several significant correlations that should be considered in any theoretical scenario describing minor mergers and disk galaxy evolution
