- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/534/A136
- Title:
- Halo red giants from the SEGUE survey
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/534/A136
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a spectroscopic search for halo field stars that originally formed in globular clusters. Using moderate-resolution SDSS-III/SEGUE-2 spectra of 561 red giants with typical halo metallicities (-1.8<=[Fe/H]<=-1.0), we identify 16 stars, 3% of the sample, with CN and CH bandstrength behavior indicating depleted carbon and enhanced nitrogen abundances relative to the rest of the data set. Since globular clusters are the only environment known in which stars form with this pattern of atypical light-element abundances, we claim that these stars are second-generation globular cluster stars that have been lost to the halo field via normal cluster mass-loss processes.
Number of results to display per page
Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/829/116
- Title:
- H-band spectroscopic analysis of 25 bright M31 GCs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/829/116
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Chemical abundances are presented for 25 M31 globular clusters (GCs), based on moderately high resolution (R=22500) H-band integrated light (IL) spectra from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). Infrared (IR) spectra offer lines from new elements, lines of different strengths, and lines at higher excitation potentials compared to the optical. Integrated abundances of C, N, and O are derived from CO, CN, and OH molecular features, while Fe, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, and Ti abundances are derived from atomic features. These abundances are compared to previous results from the optical, demonstrating the validity and value of IR IL analyses. The CNO abundances are consistent with typical tip of the red giant branch stellar abundances but are systematically offset from optical Lick index abundances. With a few exceptions, the other abundances agree between the optical and the IR within the 1{sigma} uncertainties. The first integrated K abundances are also presented and demonstrate that K tracks the {alpha} elements. The combination of IR and optical abundances allows better determinations of GC properties and enables probes of the multiple populations in extragalactic GCs. In particular, the integrated effects of the Na/O anticorrelation can be directly examined for the first time.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/134/321
- Title:
- H{delta} line in globular clusters
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/134/321
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a cautionary study exploring the reliability of the H{delta} line in the integrated spectra of galaxies for determining galaxy ages. Our database consists of the observed integrated spectra of ~120 early-type galaxies, 7 metal-rich globular clusters in M31 and the Galactic globular cluster 47 Tuc, and the open cluster M67. We have measured H{delta} using index definitions designed to assess contamination from the CN molecule in and around H{delta} by choosing combinations of bandpasses that both avoid and include a region of CN molecular lines redward of H{delta}. We find systematic differences in the ages derived from H{delta} measurements among the various definitions when extracting ages from H{delta} in old stellar populations with enhanced CN bands due to nonsolar abundance ratios. We propose that neighboring CN lines have a strong effect on pseudocontinuum and central bandpass levels. For stellar populations that have nonsolar abundance ratios in C and/or N, population synthesis models that do not account for abundance ratio variations cannot accurately reproduce the CN 4216{AA} band, which leads to a corresponding inaccuracy in reproducing the various H{delta} indices. Hence, caution must be used when extracting galaxy ages from the H{delta} line in old stellar populations with significant nonsolar abundance ratios.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/786/14
- Title:
- He abundances in M30 and NGC 6397
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/786/14
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the helium abundance of the two metal-poor clusters M30 and NGC 6397. Helium estimates have been obtained by using the high-resolution spectrograph FLAMES at the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope and by measuring the He I line at 4471 {AA} in 24 and 35 horizontal branch (HB) stars in M30 and NGC 6397, respectively. This sample represents the largest data set of He abundances collected so far in metal-poor clusters. The He mass fraction turns out to be Y=0.252+/-0.003 ({sigma}=0.021) for M30 and Y=0.241+/-0.004 ({sigma}=0.023) for NGC 6397. These values are fully compatible with the cosmological abundance, thus suggesting that the HB stars are not strongly enriched in He. The small spread of the Y distributions are compatible with those expected from the observed main sequence splitting. Finally, we find a hint of a weak anticorrelation between Y and [O/Fe] in NGC 6397 in agreement with the prediction that O-poor stars are formed by (He-enriched) gas polluted by the products of hot proton-capture reactions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/689/1031
- Title:
- Heavy element abundances in giant stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/689/1031
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a comprehensive abundance analysis of 27 heavy elements in bright giant stars of the globular clusters M4 and M5 based on high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra obtained with the Magellan Clay Telescope. We confirm and expand on previous results for these clusters by showing that (1) all elements heavier than, and including, Si have constant abundances within each cluster, (2) the elements from Ca to Ni have indistinguishable compositions in M4 and M5, (3) Si, Cu, Zn, and all s-process elements are approximately 0.3dex overabundant in M4 relative to M5, and (4) the r-process elements Sm, Eu, Gd, and Th are slightly overabundant in M5 relative to M4. The cluster-to-cluster abundance differences for Cu and Zn are intriguing, especially in light of their uncertain nucleosynthetic origins. We confirm that stars other than Type Ia supernovae must produce significant amounts of Cu and Zn at or below the clusters' metallicities. If intermediate-mass AGB stars or massive stars are responsible for the Cu and Zn enhancements in M4, the similar [Rb/Zr] ratios and (preliminary) Mg isotope ratios in both clusters may be problematic for either scenario. For the elements from Ba to Hf, we assume that the s- and r-process contributions are scaled versions of the solar s- and r-process abundances. We quantify the relative fractions of s- and r-process material for each cluster and show that they provide an excellent fit to the observed abundances.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/142/22
- Title:
- Heavy-element dispersion in M92
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/142/22
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Dispersion among the light elements is common in globular clusters (GCs), while dispersion among heavier elements is less common. We present detection of r-process dispersion relative to Fe in 19 red giants of the metal-poor GC M92. Using spectra obtained with the Hydra multi-object spectrograph on the WIYN Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, we derive differential abundances for 21 species of 19 elements.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/648/A108
- Title:
- Heavy-elements heritage of the falling sky
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/648/A108
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A fundamental element of galaxy formation is the accretion of mass through mergers of satellites or gas. Recent dynamical analyses based on Gaia data have revealed major accretion events in the history of the Milky Way. Nevertheless, our understanding of the primordial Galaxy is hindered because the bona fide identification of the most metal-poor and correspondingly oldest accreted stars remains challenging. Galactic archaeology needs a new accretion diagnostic to understand primordial stellar populations. Contrary to {alpha}-elements, neutron-capture elements present unexplained large abundance spreads for low-metallicity stars, which could result from a mixture of formation sites. We analysed the abundances of yttrium, europium, magnesium, and iron in MilkyWay satellite galaxies, field halo stars, and globular clusters. The chemical information was complemented by orbital parameters based on Gaia data. In particular, we considered the average inclination of the orbits. The [Y/Eu] abundance behaviour with respect to the [Mg/Fe] turnovers for satellite galaxies of various masses reveals that higher-luminosity systems, for which the [Mg/Fe] abundance declines at higher metallicities, present enhanced [Y/Eu] abundances, particularly in the [Fe/H] regime between -2.25dex and -1.25dex. In addition, the analysis has uncovered a chemo-dynamical correlation for both globular clusters and field stars of the Galactic halo, accounting for about half of the [Y/Eu] abundance spread. In particular, [Y/Eu] under-abundances typical of protracted chemical evolutions are preferentially observed in polar-like orbits, pointing to a possible anisotropy in the accretion processes. Our results strongly suggest that the observed [Y/Eu] abundance spread in the Milky Way halo could result from a mixture of systems with different masses. They also highlight that both nature and nurture are relevant to the formation of the Milky Way since its primordial epochs, thereby opening new pathways for chemical diagnostics of the build-up of our Galaxy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/IV/26
- Title:
- Hercules Messier 13 (M13) photometry
- Short Name:
- IV/26
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Ludendorff's catalog of the M13 globular cluster results from observations made with the 32.5cm refractor of Potsdam Observatory, one on 17 July 1900 (plate A), and the second on June 1902 (plate B). Each plate was measured twice, in opposite position, to remove the possible errors. The catalog contains accurate positions on both plates, photographic magnitudes, and comparison with the previous results from Scheiner (1892). Number 1119 to 1127 where seen only in one position on plate A, and in two positions on plate B. Number 1128 to 1136 where seen only on plate A, and are not in Scheiner catalog.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/834/105
- Title:
- High-resolution GC abundances. II.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/834/105
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present abundances of globular clusters (GCs) in the Milky Way and Fornax from integrated-light (IL) spectra. Our goal is to evaluate the consistency of the IL analysis relative to standard abundance analysis for individual stars in those same clusters. This sample includes an updated analysis of seven clusters from our previous publications and results for five new clusters that expand the metallicity range over which our technique has been tested. We find that the [Fe/H] measured from IL spectra agrees to ~0.1dex for GCs with metallicities as high as [Fe/H]=-0.3, but the abundances measured for more metal-rich clusters may be underestimated. In addition we systematically evaluate the accuracy of abundance ratios, [X/Fe], for Na I, Mg I, Al I, Si I, Ca I, Ti I, Ti II, Sc II, V I, Cr I, Mn I, Co I, Ni I, Cu I, Y II, Zr I, Ba II, La II, Nd II, and Eu II. The elements for which the IL analysis gives results that are most similar to analysis of individual stellar spectra are Fe I, Ca I, Si I, Ni I, and Ba II. The elements that show the greatest differences include Mg I and Zr I. Some elements show good agreement only over a limited range in metallicity. More stellar abundance data in these clusters would enable more complete evaluation of the IL results for other important elements.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/746/29
- Title:
- High-resolution GC abundances. IV. 8 LMC GCs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/746/29
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present detailed chemical abundances in eight clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We measure abundances of 22 elements for clusters spanning a range in age of 0.05-12 Gyr, providing a comprehensive picture of the chemical enrichment and star formation history of the LMC. The abundances were obtained from individual absorption lines using a new method for analysis of high-resolution (R~25000), integrated-light (IL) spectra of star clusters. This method was developed and presented in Papers I (2008ApJ...684..326M), II (2009PhDT........20C), and III (Cat. J/ApJ/735/55) of this series. In this paper, we develop an additional IL {chi}^2^-minimization spectral synthesis technique to facilitate measurement of weak (~15m{AA}) spectral lines and abundances in low signal-to-noise ratio data (S/N~30). Additionally, we supplement the IL abundance measurements with detailed abundances that we measure for individual stars in the youngest clusters (age<2Gyr) in our sample. In both the IL and stellar abundances we find evolution of [{alpha}/Fe] with [Fe/H] and age. Fe-peak abundance ratios are similar to those in the Milky Way (MW), with the exception of [Cu/Fe] and [Mn/Fe], which are sub-solar at high metallicities. The heavy elements Ba, La, Nd, Sm, and Eu are significantly enhanced in the youngest clusters. Also, the heavy to light s-process ratio is elevated relative to the MW ([Ba/Y]>+0.5) and increases with decreasing age, indicating a strong contribution of low-metallicity asymptotic giant branch star ejecta to the interstellar medium throughout the later history of the LMC. We also find a correlation of IL Na and Al abundances with cluster mass in the sense that more massive, older clusters are enriched in the light elements Na and Al with respect to Fe, which implies that these clusters harbor star-to-star abundance variations as is common in the MW. Lower mass, intermediate-age, and young clusters have Na and Al abundances that are lower and more consistent with LMC field stars. Our results can be used to constrain both future chemical evolution models for the LMC and theories of globular cluster formation.
