- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/727/114
- Title:
- BLAST 2005: a 10deg^2^ survey in Cygnus X
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/727/114
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Cygnus X in a new multi-wavelength perspective based on an unbiased BLAST survey at 250, 350, and 500um, combined with rich data sets for this well-studied region. Our primary goal is to investigate the early stages of high-mass star formation. We have detected 184 compact sources in various stages of evolution across all three BLAST bands. From their well-constrained spectral energy distributions, we obtain the physical properties mass, surface density, bolometric luminosity, and dust temperature. Some of the bright sources reaching 40K contain well-known compact HII regions. We relate these to other sources at earlier stages of evolution via the energetics as deduced from their position in the luminosity-mass (L-M) diagram. The BLAST spectral coverage, near the peak of the spectral energy distribution of the dust, reveals fainter sources too cool (~10K) to be seen by earlier shorter-wavelength surveys like IRAS. We detect thermal emission from infrared dark clouds and investigate the phenomenon of cold "starless cores" more generally. Spitzer images of these cold sources often show stellar nurseries, but these potential sites for massive star formation are "starless" in the sense that to date there is no massive protostar in a vigorous accretion phase.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/681/428
- Title:
- BLAST sources in Galactic plane survey
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/681/428
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first results from a new 250, 350, and 500um Galactic plane survey taken with the Balloon-borne Large-Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) in 2005. This survey's primary goal is to identify and characterize high-mass protostellar objects (HMPOs). The region studied here covers 4{deg}^2^ near the open cluster NGC 6823 in the constellation Vulpecula (l=59{deg}). We find 60 compact sources (<60" diameter) detected simultaneously in all three bands. Their SEDs are constrained through BLAST, IRAS, Spitzer MIPS, and MSX photometry, with inferred dust temperatures spanning ~12-40K assuming a dust emissivity index {beta}=1.5. The luminosity-to-mass ratio, a distance-independ ent quantity, spans ~0.2-130L_{sun}_/M_{sun}_. Distances are estimated from coincident ^13^CO(1-0) velocities combined with a variety of other velocity and morphological data in the literature. In total, 49 sources are associated with a molecular cloud complex encompassing NGC 6823 (distance ~2.3kpc), 10 objects with the Perseus arm (~8.5kpc), and one object is probably in the outer Galaxy (~14kpc). Near NGC 6823, the inferred luminosities and masses of BLAST sources span ~40-10^4^L_{sun}_ and ~15-700M_{sun}_, respectively. The mass spectrum is compatible with molecular gas masses in other high-mass star-forming regions. Several luminous sources appear to be ultracompact H II regions powered by early B stars. However, many of the objects are cool, massive gravitationally bound clumps with no obvious internal radiation from a protostar, and hence excellent HMPO candidates.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/723/915
- Title:
- BLAST view of Aquila star-forming region
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/723/915
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have carried out the first general submillimeter analysis of the field toward GRSMC 45.46+0.05, a massive star-forming region in Aquila. The deconvolved 6{deg}^2^ (3{deg}x2{deg}) maps provided by BLAST in 2005 at 250, 350, and 500um were used to perform a preliminary characterization of the clump population previously investigated in the infrared, radio, and molecular maps. Interferometric CORNISH data at 4.8GHz have also been used to characterize the Ultracompact HII regions (UCHIIRs) within the main clumps. By means of the BLAST maps, we have produced an initial census of the submillimeter structures that will be observed by Herschel, several of which are known Infrared Dark Clouds.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/149/365
- Title:
- Bright filamentary structures in the ISM
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/149/365
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a listing of prominent filamentary structures in the interstellar cirrus, selected with an eye toward current and planned far-infrared and submillimeter polarimetry facilities. The filaments were identified on the 100{mu}m plates of the IRAS Sky Survey Atlas (ISSA, Wheelock et al. 1994, IRAS Sky Survey Atlas: Explanatory Supplement (JPL Publ. 94-11; Pasadena: JPL)), using a computer vision algorithm that is unbiased with respect to source intensity. Our catalog is two-tiered: the selection criteria in the Galactic plane are based on the sensitivity limits of airborne polarimeters such as the proposed HALE instrument for SOFIA, and away from the plane the limits are dictated by the sensitivities of balloon-borne cosmic microwave background experiments, such as BOOMERanG and MAXIMA. Infrared detector technology is currently at the point where detecting the polarization of the interstellar cirrus is feasible, and we hope this catalog will assist any experimenter undertaking this task.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/621/A60
- Title:
- Bright nearby elliptical gal. Xshooter spectra
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/621/A60
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A new generation of spectral synthesis models has been developed in the recent years, but there is no matching -- in terms of quality and resolution -- set of template galaxy spectra for testing and refining the new models. Our main goal is to find and calibrate new near-infrared spectral indices along the Hubble sequence of galaxies which will be used to obtain additional constraints to the population analysis based on medium resolution integrated spectra of galaxies. Spectra of previously studied and well understood galaxies with relatively simple stellar populations (e.g., ellipticals or bulge dominated galaxies) are needed to provide a baseline data set for spectral synthesis models. X-Shooter spectra spanning the optical and infrared wavelength (350-2400nm) of bright nearby elliptical galaxies with resolving power R~4000-5400 were obtained. Heliocentric systemic velocity, velocity dispersion and Mg, Fe and H{beta} line-strength indices are presented. We present a library of very high quality spectra of galaxies covering a large range of age, metallicity and morphological type. Such as a dataset of spectra will be crucial to address important questions of the modern investigation concerning galaxy formation and evolution.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/127/2856
- Title:
- Brown dwarfs in the 2MASS Survey
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/127/2856
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the discovery of seven new T dwarfs identified in the Two Micron All Sky Survey (Cat. <II/246>). Low-resolution (R~150) 0.8-2.5{mu}m spectroscopy obtained with the Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) SpeX instrument reveals the characteristic H_2_O and CH_4_ bands in the spectra of these brown dwarfs. Comparison with spectral standards observed with the same instrument enables us to derive classifications of T3 to T7 for the objects in this sample. Moderate-resolution (R~1200) near-infrared spectroscopy for a subset of these discoveries reveal K I line strengths consistent with previously observed trends with spectral type. Follow-up imaging observations provide proper-motion measurements for these sources, ranging from less than 0.1" to 1.55"/yr. One object, 2MASS 0034+0523, has a spectrophotometric distance placing it within 10pc of the Sun. This source also exhibits a depressed K-band peak reminiscent of the peculiar T dwarf 2MASS 0937+2931 and may be a metal-poor or old, high-mass brown dwarf. We also present low-resolution SpeX data for a set of M- and L-type dwarf, subdwarf, and giant comparison stars used to classify 59 additional candidates identified as background stars. These are primarily M5-M8.5 dwarfs, many exhibiting H I Pa^{gamma}^, but include three candidate ultracool M subdwarfs and one possible early-type L subdwarf.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/838/73
- Title:
- Brown dwarf surface gravities with Keck/NIRSPEC
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/838/73
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We combine 131 new medium-resolution (R~2000) J-band spectra of M, L, and T dwarfs from the Keck NIRSPEC Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Survey (BDSS) with 97 previously published BDSS spectra to study surface-gravity-sensitive indices for 228 low-mass stars and brown dwarfs spanning spectral types M5-T9. Specifically, we use an established set of spectral indices to determine surface gravity classifications for all of the M6-L7 objects in our sample by measuring the equivalent widths (EW) of the K I lines at 1.1692, 1.1778, and 1.2529{mu}m, and the 1.2{mu}m FeH_J_ absorption index. Our results are consistent with previous surface gravity measurements, showing a distinct double peak-at ~L5 and T5-in K I EW as a function of spectral type. We analyze the K I EWs of 73 objects of known ages and find a linear trend between log(Age) and EW. From this relationship, we assign age ranges to the very low gravity, intermediate gravity, and field gravity designations for spectral types M6-L0. Interestingly, the ages probed by these designations remain broad, change with spectral type, and depend on the gravity-sensitive index used. Gravity designations are useful indicators of the possibility of youth, but current data sets cannot be used to provide a precise age estimate.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/606/A8
- Title:
- Bubble HII region Sh2-39 (N5)
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/606/A8
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Aiming at studying the physical properties of Galactic IR bubbles and to explore their impact in triggering massive star formation, we perform a multiwavelength analysis of the bubble HII region Sh2-39 (N5) and its environs. To analyze the molecular gas we use CO(3-2) and HCO^+^(4-3) line data obtained with the on-the-fly technique from the ASTE telescope. To study the distribution and physical characteristics of the dust, we make use of archival data from ATLASGAL, Herschel, and MSX, while the ionized gas was studied making use of an NVSS image. We use public WISE, Spitzer, and MSX point source catalogs to search for infrared candidate YSOs in the region. To investigate the stellar cluster [BDS2003] 6 we use IR spectroscopic data obtained with the ARCoIRIS spectrograph, mounted on Blanco 4-m Telescope at CTIO, and new available IR Ks band observations from the VVVeXtended ESO Public Survey (VVVX). The new ASTE observations allowed the molecular gas component in the velocity range from 30km/s to 46km/s, associated with Sh2-39, to be studied in detail. The morphology of the molecular gas suggests that the ionized gas is expanding against its parental cloud. We have identified four molecular clumps, that were likely formed by the expansion of the ionization front, and determined some of their physical and dynamical properties. Clumps having HCO^+^ and 870um counterparts show evidence of gravitational collapse. We identified several candidate YSOs across the molecular component. Their spatial distribution, as well as the fragmentation time derived for the collected layers of the molecular gas, suggest that massive star formation might have been triggered by the expansion of the nebula via the collect and collapse mechanism. The spectroscopical distance obtained for the stellar cluster [BDS2003] 6, placed over one of the collapsing clumps in the border of the HII region, reveals that this cluster is physically associated with the nebula and gives more support to the triggered massive star formation scenario. A radio continuum data analysis indicates that the nebula is older and expands at lower velocity than typical IR Galactic bubbles.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/385/884
- Title:
- BVRIJHK photometry of 27 post-AGB candidates
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/385/884
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- BVRIJHK photometric observations are presented for 27 post-AGB candidates. Almost all objects show a double peaked spatial energy distribution (SED) curve in the optical to far-infrared wavelengths. Seventeen objects were classified as post-AGB stars on the basis of their spectral type, location in the IRAS color-color diagram and SED. The physical parameters of the observed post-AGB stars, the inner radius of the detached shell, the mass of the shell and the distance were derived using the simple dust shell model. We compared our observational sequence of post-AGB objects to the theoretical evolutionary sequence (Schoenberner, 1983ApJ...272..708S; Bloecker, 1995, Cat. <J/A+A/299/755>) in the stellar temperatures versus age diagram. We found that two post-AGB stars, IRAS 05040+4820 and 08187-1905, have low stellar temperature with a large dynamical age of the dust shell. They appear to provide the first observational evidence that some low-mass stars bypass the planetary nebulae stage because of their slow increase in stellar temperature.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/382/60
- Title:
- BVR photometry in Abell 1689
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/382/60
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- At a redshift of 0.18, Abell 1689 is so far the most distant cluster of galaxies for which substantial mid-infrared (MIR) data have been published. Its mapping with the ISOCAM camera onboard the ISO satellite allowed the detection of 30 cluster members at 6.75{mu}m (LW2 filter) and 16 cluster members at 15{mu}m (LW3 filter) within a clustercentric radius of 0.5Mpc (Fadda et al., 2000A&A...361..827F, Paper I). We present here the follow-up optical photometric and spectroscopic observations which were used to study the individual properties of the galaxy members of A1689. We confirm the high fraction of blue galaxies initially reported in this rich cluster by Butcher & Oemler (1984ApJ...285..426B), that was challenged by some subsequent studies. We discuss the spectral and morphological properties of all cluster members in our spectroscopic sample, and of the MIR-detected galaxies in particular.
