- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/157/167
- Title:
- Equivalent widths for RSGs in the MW & LMC/SMC
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/157/167
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Red supergiants (RSGs) are evolved massive stars that represent extremes, in both their physical sizes and their cool temperatures, of the massive star population. The effective temperature (T_eff_) is the most critical physical property needed to place an RSG on the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, due to the stars' cool temperatures and resulting large bolometric corrections. Several recent papers have examined the potential utility of atomic line equivalent widths (EWs) in cool supergiant (CSG) spectra for determining T_eff_ and other physical properties and found strong correlations between Ti I and Fe I spectral features and T_eff_ in earlier-type CSGs (G and early K) but poor correlations in M-type stars, a spectral subtype that makes up a significant fraction of RSGs. We have extended this work by measuring the EWs of Ti, Fe, and Ca lines in late K- and M-type RSGs in the Milky Way, Large Magellanic Cloud, and Small Magellanic Cloud, and compared these results to the predictions of the theoretical stellar LTE atmosphere models (MARCS) stellar atmosphere models. Our analyses show a poor correlation between T_eff_ and the Fe I and Ti I lines in our observations (at odds with strong correlations predicted by stellar atmosphere models), but do find statistically significant correlations between T_eff_ and the Ca II triplet (CaT) features of Milky Way RSGs, suggesting that this could be a potential diagnostic tool for determining T_eff_ in M-type supergiants. We also examine correlations between these spectral features and other physical properties of RSGs (including metallicity, surface gravity, and bolometric magnitude), and consider the underlying physics driving the evolution of atomic line spectra in RSGs.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/627/A117
- Title:
- Equivalent widths for six M67 stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/627/A117
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The benchmark open cluster M67 is known to have solar metallicity and similar age as the Sun. It thus provides us a great opportunity to study the properties of solar twins, as well as the evolution of Sun-like stars. Previous spectroscopic studies claimed to detect possible subtle changes in stellar surface abundances throughout the stellar evolutionary phase, namely the effect of atomic diffusion, in M67. In this study we attempt to confirm and quantify the effect of atomic diffusion, as well as to explore the level of chemical (in)homogeneity in M67. We presented a strictly line-by-line differential chemical abundance analysis of two groups of stars in M67: three turn-off stars and three sub-giants. Stellar atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances were obtained with very high precision using the Keck/HIRES spectra. The sub-giants in our sample show negligible abundance variations (<=0.02dex), which implies that M67 was born chemically homogeneous. We note there is a significant abundance difference (~0.1-0.2dex) between sub-giants and turn-off stars, which can be interpreted as the signature of atomic diffusion. Qualitatively stellar models with diffusion agree with the observed abundance results. Some turn-off stars do not follow the general pattern, which suggests that in some cases diffusion can be inhibited. Our results thus pose a challenge for chemical tagging using the turn-off stars since they are likely not chemically homogeneous. Meanwhile, our results suggest that the effect of atomic diffusion could be as large as 0.1-0.2dex, and must be taken into account when using the current surface abundances of stars for chemical tagging.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/588/A120
- Title:
- Equivalent widths in 10 open clusters
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/588/A120
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Open clusters are distributed all across the disk and are convenient tracers of its properties. In particular, outer disk clusters bear a key role for the investigation of the chemical evolution of the Galactic disk. The goal of this study is to derive homogeneous elemental abundances for a sample of ten outer disk OCs, and investigate possible links with disk structures such as the Galactic Anticenter Stellar Structure. We analyse high-resolution spectra of red giants, obtained from the HIRES@Keck and UVES@VLT archives. We derive elemental abundances and stellar atmosphere parameters by means of the classical equivalent width method. We also performed orbit integrations using proper motions. The Fe abundances we derive trace a shallow negative radial metallicity gradient of slope -0.027+/-0.007dex/kpc in the outer 12kpc of the disk. The [alpha/Fe] gradient appears flat, with a slope of 0.006+/-0.007dex/kpc. The two outermost clusters (Be 29 and Sau 1) appear to follow elliptical orbits. Be 20 also exhibits a peculiar orbit with a large excursion above the plane. The irregular orbits of the three most metal-poor clusters (two of which are located at the edge of the Galactic disk), if confirmed by more robust astrometric measurements such as those of the Gaia mission, are compatible with an inside-out formation scenario for the Milky Way, in which extragalactic material is accreted onto the outer disk. We cannot determine if Be 20, Be 29, and Sau 1 are of extragalactic origin, as they may be old genuine Galactic clusters whose orbits were perturbed by accretion events or minor mergers in the past 5Gyr, or they may be representants of the thick disk population. The nature of these objects is intriguing and deserves further investigations in the near future.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AZh/81/658
- Title:
- Equivalent widths of 9 barium stars
- Short Name:
- J/AZh/81/658
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present our analysis of elemental abundances in the atmospheres of 16 classical barium stars derived from high-resolution spectra and model atmospheres. Comparison of the results with analogous data for moderate barium stars and normal red giants shows that the abundance patterns for elements before the iron peak are the same for all three groups of red giants, testifying to a similar origin. For binary systems, we confirm the influence of the orbital period and, hence, the component separation, on the overabundance of s-process elements. The amount of enrichment in s-process elements is also in influenced by mass, metallicity, and evolutionary phase. Any of these parameters can be important in individual objects.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/377/123
- Title:
- Equivalent widths of 6 binaries
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/377/123
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We performed a careful differential abundance analysis of individual components of six main sequence binaries with separations of a few hundreds of AU. To reduce analysis concerns, we selected systems with almost equal mass components. We were able to derive differential abundances of several elements with errors down to 0.01dex in the best cases. We found that in four systems the two components have the same chemical composition, within these very severe limits. However, clear differences were found for the two remaining systems (HD 219542 and HD 200466), in both cases the primaries being more Fe-rich than the secondaries, by 0.091+/-0.009 and 0.053+/-0.024dex respectively. Similar differences were found for most of the elements considered in our analysis; however, we found no appreciable difference for volatile elements and a trend for increasing abundance differences with increasing condensation temperature for individual elements, a result similar to that found for some single stars with planets by Smith et al. (2001AJ....121.3207S). Finally, we note that HD 219542A has a Li-abundance comparable to those of Li-rich stars in old open clusters, while no Li is detected in the slightly cooler HD 219542B. We suggest that the primaries of these two systems have accreted rocky planets or the inner dust-rich part of a protoplanetary disk, likely due to gravitational perturbation caused by the presence of the companion.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/549/A129
- Title:
- Equivalent widths of cool stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/549/A129
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range offers some unique spectral features, and it is less prone to the extinction than the optical one. Recently, the first flux calibrated NIR library of cool stars from the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) have become available, and it has not been fully exploited yet. We want to develop spectroscopic diagnostics for stellar physical parameters based on features in the wavelength range 1-5um. In this work we test the technique in the I and K bands. The study of the Y, J, H, and L bands will be presented in the following paper. An objective method for semi-empirical definition of spectral features sensitive to various physical parameters is applied to the spectra. It is based on sensitivity map - i.e., derivative of the flux in the spectra with respect to the stellar parameters at a fixed wavelength. New optimized indices are defined and their equivalent widths (EWs) are measured.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/850/194
- Title:
- Equivalent widths of 8 DIBs for 186 O & B stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/850/194
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We study the behavior of eight diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) in different interstellar environments, as characterized by the fraction of hydrogen in molecular form (f_H2_), with comparisons to the corresponding behavior of various known atomic and molecular species. The equivalent widths of the five "normal" DIBs ({lambda}{lambda}5780.5, 5797.1, 6196.0, 6283.8, and 6613.6), normalized to E_B-V_, show a "lambda-shaped" behavior: they increase at low f_H2_, peak at f_H2_~0.3, and then decrease. The similarly normalized column densities of Ca, Ca+, Ti+, and CH+ also decline for f_H2_>0.3. In contrast, the normalized column densities of Na, K, CH, CN, and CO increase monotonically with fH2, and the trends exhibited by the three C_2_ DIBs ({lambda}{lambda}4726.8, 4963.9, and 4984.8) lie between those two general behaviors. These trends with f_H2_ are accompanied by cosmic scatter, the dispersion at any given f_H2_ being significantly larger than the individual errors of measurement. The lambda-shaped trends suggest the balance between creation and destruction of the DIB carriers differs dramatically between diffuse atomic and diffuse molecular clouds; additional processes aside from ionization and shielding are needed to explain those observed trends. Except for several special cases, the highest W{lambda}(5780)/W{lambda}(5797) ratios, characterizing the so-called "sigma-zeta effect," occur only at f_H2_<0.2. We propose a sequence of DIBs based on trends in their pair-wise strength ratios with increasing f_H2_. In order of increasing environmental density, we find the {lambda}6283.8 and {lambda}5780.5 DIBs, the {lambda}6196.0 DIB, the {lambda}6613.6 DIB, the {lambda}5797.1 DIB, and the C_2_ DIBs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/130/652
- Title:
- Equivalent widths of 4 giants in Be22 and Be66
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/130/652
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report on high-resolution spectroscopy of four giant stars in the Galactic old open clusters Berkeley 22 and Berkeley 66 obtained with HIRES at the Keck telescope.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/887/91
- Title:
- Equivalent widths of giants in the GC NGC3201
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/887/91
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters (GCs) has investigated multiple stellar populations by means of the "chromosome map" (ChM) diagnostic tool that maximizes the separation between stars with different chemical compositions. One of the most challenging features revealed by ChM analysis is the apparent inhomogeneity among stars belonging to the first population, a phenomenon largely attributed to He variations. However, this explanation is not supported by uniformity in the p-capture elements of these stars. The HST survey has revealed that the GC NGC 3201 shows exceptionally wide coverage in the {Delta}_F275W,F814W_ parameter of the ChM. We present a chemical abundance analysis of 24 elements in 18 giants belonging to the first population of this GC and having a wide range in {Delta}_F275W,F814W_. As far as the p-capture elements are concerned, the chemical abundances are typical of first-generation (1G) stars, as expected from the location of our targets in the ChM. Based on radial velocities and chemical abundance arguments, we find that the three stars with the lowest {Delta}_F275W,F814W_ values are binary candidates. This suggests that at least those stars could be explained with binarity. These results are consistent with evidence inferred from multiband photometry that evolved blue stragglers (BSs) populate the bluest part of the 1G sequence in the ChM. The remaining 15 spectroscopic targets show a small range in the overall metallicity by ~0.10dex, with stars at higher {Delta}_F275W,F814W_ values having higher absolute abundances. We suggest that a small variation in metals and binarity governs the color spread of the 1G in the ChM and that evolved BSs contribute to the bluest tail of the 1G sequence.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/435/657
- Title:
- Equivalent widths of 5 giants in 47 Tuc
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/435/657
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- High resolution spectra of 5 giants, including a horizontal branch star, of the metal-rich globular cluster 47 Tucanae were obtained with the UVES spectrograph at the 8m VLT UT2-Kueyen telescope. The atmospheric parameters (Teff, logg, [Fe/H], vt) were derived from VIJK photometry and spectroscopic data based on Fe I and Fe II lines.
