- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/191/232
- Title:
- CO survey of W51 molecular cloud
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/191/232
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present 38" resolution maps of the CO and ^13^COJ=2-1 lines in the molecular clouds toward the HII region complex W51. The maps cover a 1.25x1{deg} section of the galactic plane and span +30 to +85km/s (LSR) in velocity. The spectral resolution is ~1.3km/s. The velocity range of the images includes all the gas in the Sagittarius spiral arm. Color figures display the peak line brightness temperature, the velocity-integrated intensity, and 2km/s channel-averaged maps for both isotopologs, and also the CO/^13^COJ=2-1 line intensity ratio as a function of velocity. The CO and ^13^CO line intensity image cubes are made available in standard FITS format as electronically readable tables. We compare our molecular line maps with the 1.1mm continuum image from the BOLOCAM Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS; Aguirre et al. 2011ApJS..192....4A; Rosolowsky et al. 2010, Cat. J/ApJS/188/123). From our ^13^CO image cube, we derive kinematic information for the 99 BGPS sources in the mapped field in the form of Gaussian component fits. The integrated ^13^CO line intensity and the 1.1mm source flux density show only a modest degree of correlation for the 99 sources, likely due to a range of dust and gas physical conditions within the sources. However, the 1.1mm continuum surface brightness and the integrated ^13^CO line intensity for small regions containing single BGPS sources and molecular clouds show very good correlations in many cases.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/850/83
- Title:
- DANCING-ALMA. I. submm/mm continuum sources
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/850/83
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the large statistics of the galaxy effective radius Re in the rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) wavelength R_e(FIR)_ obtained from 1627 Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1mm band maps that become public by 2017 July. Our ALMA sample consists of 1034 sources with the star formation rate ~100-1000M_{sun}_/yr and the stellar mass ~10^10^-10^11.5^M_{sun}_ at z=0-6. We homogeneously derive R_e(FIR)_ and FIR luminosity LFIR of our ALMA sources via the uv-visibility method with the exponential disk model, carefully evaluating selection and measurement incompletenesses by realistic Monte-Carlo simulations. We find that there is a positive correlation between R_e(FIR)_ and LFIR at the >99% significance level. The best-fit power-law function, R_e(FIR)_{propto}L_FIR_^{alpha}^, provides {alpha}=0.28+/-0.07, and shows that R_e(FIR)_ at a fixed LFIR decreases toward high redshifts. The best-fit {alpha} and the redshift evolution of R_e(FIR)_ are similar to those of Re in the rest-frame UV (optical) wavelength R_e(UV)_ (R_e(Opt)_) revealed by Hubble Space Telescope (HST) studies. We identify that our ALMA sources have significant trends of R_e(FIR)_<~R_e(UV)_ and R_e(Opt)_, which suggests that the dusty starbursts take place in compact regions. Moreover, R_e(FIR)_ of our ALMA sources is comparable to R_e(Opt)_ of quiescent galaxies at z~1-3 as a function of stellar mass, supporting the evolutionary connection between these two galaxy populations. We also investigate rest- frame UV and optical morphologies of our ALMA sources with deep HST images, and find that ~30%-40% of our ALMA sources are classified as major mergers. This indicates that dusty starbursts are triggered by not only the major mergers but also the other mechanism(s).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/593/A51
- Title:
- Debris discs around nearby FGK stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/593/A51
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Debris discs are a consequence of the planet formation process and constitute the fingerprints of planetesimal systems. Their counterparts in the solar system are the asteroid and Edgeworth-Kuiper belts. The aim of this paper is to provide robust numbers for the incidence of debris discs around FGK stars in the solar neighbourhood. The full sample of 177 FGK stars with d>=20pc proposed for the DUst around NEarby Stars (DUNES) survey is presented. Herschel/PACS observations at 100 and 160{mu}m were obtained, and were complemented in some cases with data at 70{mu}m and at 250, 350, and 500{mu}m SPIRE photometry. The 123 objects observed by the DUNES collaboration were presented in a previous paper. The remaining 54 stars, shared with the Disc Emission via a Bias-free Reconnaissance in IR and Sub-mm (DEBRIS) consortium and observed by them, and the combined full sample are studied in this paper. The incidence of debris discs per spectral type is analysed and put into context together with other parameters of the sample, like metallicity, rotation and activity, and age. The subsample of 105 stars with d>=15pc containing 23 F, 33 G, and 49 K stars is complete for F stars, almost complete for G stars, and contains a substantial number of K stars from which we draw solid conclusions on objects of this spectral type. The incidence rates of debris discs per spectral type are 0.26^+0.21^_-0.14_ (6 objects with excesses out of 23 F stars), 0.21^+0.17^_-0.11_ (7 out of 33 G stars), and 0.20^0.14^_-0.09_ (10 out of 49 K stars); the fraction for all three spectral types together is 0.22^+0.08^_-0.07_ (23 out of 105 stars). The uncertainties correspond to a 95% confidence level. The medians of the upper limits of L_dust_/L* for each spectral type are 7.8x10^-7^ (F), 1.4x10^-6^ (G), and 2.2x10^-6^ (K); the lowest values are around 4.0x10^-7^. The incidence of debris discs is similar for active (young) and inactive (old) stars. The fractional luminosity tends to drop with increasing age, as expected from collisional erosion of the debris belts.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/138/703
- Title:
- Deep MIPS observations of IC 348 nebula
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/138/703
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We describe new, deep MIPS photometry and new high signal-to-noise optical spectroscopy of the 2.5Myr old IC 348 Nebula. To probe the properties of the IC 348 disk population, we combine these data with previous optical/infrared photometry and spectroscopy to identify stars with gas accretion, to examine their mid-IR colors, and to model their spectral energy distributions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/619/A52
- Title:
- Dense cores and YSOs in Lupus complex
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/619/A52
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the catalogue of the dense cores and YSOs/protostars of the Lupus I, Lupus III, and Lupus IV molecular clouds. Sources were extracted from the far-infrared photometric maps at 70, 160, 250, 350 and 500um acquired with the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) and the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) instruments onboard the Herschel Space Observatory, within the Herschel Gould Belt Survey project. A total of 532 dense cores, out of which 103 are presumably prestellar in nature, and 38 YSOs/protostars have been detected in the three clouds. The physical properties of the objects were derived by fitting their spectral energy distributions. Almost all the prestellar cores are associated with filaments against only about one third of the unbound cores and YSOs/ protostars. Prestellar core candidates are found even in filaments that are on average thermally sub-critical and over a background column density lower than that measured in other star forming regions so far. The core mass function of the prestellar cores peaks between 0.2 and 0.3 solar masses and it is compatible with the log-normal shape found in other regions. Herschel data reveal several, previously undetected, protostars and new candidates of Class 0 and Class II with transitional disks. We estimate the evolutionary status of the YSOs/protostars using two independent indicators: the {alpha} index and the fitting of the spectral energy distribution from near- to far-infrared wavelengths. For 70% of the objects, the evolutionary stages derived with the two methods are in agreement.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/710/1247
- Title:
- Dense cores in Gould Belt clouds
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/710/1247
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using data from the SCUBA Legacy Catalogue (850um) and Spitzer Space Telescope (3.6-70um), we explore dense cores in the Ophiuchus, Taurus, Perseus, Serpens, and Orion molecular clouds. We develop a new method to discriminate submillimeter cores found by Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) as starless or protostellar, using point source photometry from Spitzer wide field surveys. First, we identify infrared sources with red colors associated with embedded young stellar objects (YSOs). Second, we compare the positions of these YSO candidates to our submillimeter cores. With these identifications, we construct new, self-consistent starless and protostellar core mass functions (CMFs) for the five clouds. We find best-fit slopes to the high-mass end of the CMFs of -1.26+/-0.20, -1.22+/-0.06, -0.95+/-0.20, and -1.67+/-0.72 for Ophiuchus, Taurus, Perseus, and Orion, respectively.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/668/1042
- Title:
- Dense cores in Perseus molecular cloud
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/668/1042
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We survey the kinematics of over 150 candidate (and potentially star-forming) dense cores in the Perseus molecular cloud with pointed N_2_H^+^(1-0) and simultaneous C^18^O(2-1) observations. Our detection rate of N_2_H^+^ is 62%, rising to 84% for SCUBA-selected targets. In agreement with previous observations, we find that the dense N_2_H^+^ targets tend to display nearly thermal line widths, particularly those that appear to be starless (using Spitzer data), indicating that turbulent support on the small scales of molecular clouds is minimal. For those N_2_H^+^ targets that have an associated SCUBA dense core, we find that their internal motions are more than sufficient to provide support against the gravitational force on the cores.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/459/342
- Title:
- Dense cores in Taurus L1495 cloud
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/459/342
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalogue of dense cores in a ~4{deg}x2{deg} field of the Taurus star-forming region, inclusive of the L1495 cloud, derived from Herschel SPIRE and PACS observations in the 70{mu}m, 160{mu}m, 250{mu}m, 350{mu}m, and 500{mu}m continuum bands. Estimates of mean dust temperature and total mass are derived using modified blackbody fits to the spectral energy distributions. We detect 525 starless cores of which ~10-20 per cent are gravitationally bound and therefore presumably prestellar. Our census of unbound objects is ~85 per cent complete for M>0.015M_{sun}_ in low-density regions (A_V_<~5mag), while the bound (prestellar) subset is ~85 per cent complete for M>0.1M_{sun}_ overall. The prestellar core mass function (CMF) is consistent with lognormal form, resembling the stellar system initial mass function, as has been reported previously. All of the inferred prestellar cores lie on filamentary structures whose column densities exceed the expected threshold for filamentary collapse, in agreement with previous reports. Unlike the prestellar CMF, the unbound starless CMF is not lognormal, but instead is consistent with a power-law form below 0.3M_{sun}_ and shows no evidence for a low-mass turnover. It resembles previously reported mass distributions for CO clumps at low masses (M<~0.3M_{sun}_). The volume density PDF, however, is accurately lognormal except at high densities. It is consistent with the effects of self-gravity on magnetized supersonic turbulence. The only significant deviation from lognormality is a high-density tail which can be attributed unambiguously to prestellar cores.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/691/1560
- Title:
- Dense core survey in the Orion B cloud
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/691/1560
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have carried out an H^13^CO^+^(J=1-0 at 86.75433GHz) core survey in a large area of 1deg^2^, covering most of the dense region in the Orion B molecular cloud, using the Nobeyama 45m radio telescope with the 25-BEam Array Receiver System. We cataloged 151 dense cores using the clumpfind method. The cores have mean radius, velocity width, and mass of 0.10+/-0.02pc, 0.53+/-0.15km/s, and 8.1+/-6.4M_{sun}_, respectively, which are very similar to those in the Orion A cloud. We examined the spatial relation between our H^13^CO^+^ cores and the 850um cores observed by Johnstone and colleagues in 2001 (Cat. J/ApJ/559/307) and 2006 (Cat. J/ApJ/639/259), and found that there are two types of spatial relationships: H^13^CO^+^ cores with and without the 850um cores. Since the mean density of the 850um cores is higher than that of the H^13^CO^+^ cores, we can interpret the H^13^CO^+^ cores with 850um cores as being more centrally concentrated and hence more evolved, compared with those without.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/599/A109
- Title:
- Draco nebula Herschel 250um map
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/599/A109
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Draco nebula is a high Galactic latitude interstellar cloud observed at velocities corresponding to the intermediate velocity cloud regime. This nebula shows unusually strong CO emission and remarkably high-contrast small-scale structures for such a diffuse high Galactic latitude cloud. The 21cm emission of the Draco nebula reveals that it is likely to have been formed by the collision of a cloud entering the disk of the Milky Way. Such physical conditions are ideal to study the formation of cold and dense gas in colliding flows of diffuse and warm gas. The objective of this study is to better understand the process of structure formation in a colliding flow and to describe the ects of matter entering the disk on the interstellar medium. We conducted Herschel-SPIRE observations of the Draco nebula. The clumpfind algorithm was used to identify and characterize the small-scale structures of the cloud.
