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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/822/47
- Title:
- K2 rotation periods for 65 Hyades members
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/822/47
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- As the closest open cluster to the Sun, the Hyades is an important benchmark for many stellar properties, but its members are also scattered widely over the sky. Previous studies of stellar rotation in the Hyades relied on targeted observations of single stars or data from shallower all-sky variability surveys. The re-purposed Kepler mission, K2, is the first opportunity to measure rotation periods (P_rot_) for many Hyads simultaneously while also being sensitive to fully convective M dwarf members. We analyze K2 data for 65 Hyads and present P_rot_ values for 48. Thirty-seven of these are new measurements, including the first Prot measurements for fully convective Hyads. For 9 of the 11 stars with P_rot_ in the literature and this work, the measurements are consistent; we attribute the two discrepant cases to spot evolution. Nearly all stars with masses <~0.3M_{sun}_ are rapidly rotating, indicating a change in rotation properties at the boundary to full convection. When confirmed and candidate binaries are removed from the mass-period plane, only three rapid rotators with masses >~0.3M_{sun}_ remain. This is in contrast to previous results showing that the single-valued mass-period sequence for ~600Myr old stars ends at ~0.65M_{sun}_ when binaries are included. We also find that models of rotational evolution predict faster rotation than is actually observed at ~600Myr for stars <~0.9M_{sun}. The dearth of single rapid rotators more massive than ~0.3M_{sun}_ indicates that magnetic braking is more efficient than previously thought, and that age-rotation studies must account for multiplicity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/879/100
- Title:
- K2 rotation periods for Hyades & Praesepe members
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/879/100
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyze K2 light curves for 132 low-mass (1M_{sun}_>~M*>~0.1M_{sun}_) members of the 600-800Myr old Hyades cluster and measure rotation periods (P_rot_) for 116 of these stars. These include 93 stars with no prior P_rot_ measurements; the total number of Hyads with a known P_rot_ is now 232. We then combine literature binary data with Gaia DR2 photometry and astrometry to select single-star sequences in the Hyades and its roughly coeval Praesepe open cluster and derive a new reddening value of A_V_=0.035+/-0.011 for Praesepe. Comparing the effective temperature-P_rot_ distributions for the Hyades and Praesepe, we find that solar-type Hyads rotate, on average, 0.4d slower than their Praesepe counterparts. This P_rot_ difference indicates that the Hyades is slightly older than Praesepe: we apply a new gyrochronology model tuned with Praesepe and the Sun and find an age difference between the two clusters of 57Myr. However, this P_rot_ difference decreases and eventually disappears for lower-mass stars. This provides further evidence for stalling in the rotational evolution of these stars and highlights the need for more detailed analysis of angular momentum evolution for stars of different masses and ages.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/162/102
- Title:
- LASSO; Robo-AO observation of 444 young stars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/162/102
- Date:
- 14 Mar 2022 06:43:15
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present results from the Large Adaptive optics Survey for Substellar Objects, where the goal is to directly image new substellar companions (<70M_Jup_) at wide orbital separations (>~50au) around young (<~300Myr), nearby (<100pc), low-mass (~0.1-0.8 M{odot}) stars. We report on 427 young stars imaged in the visible (i') and near-infrared (J or H ) simultaneously with Robo-AO on the Kitt Peak 2.1m telescope and later the Maunakea University of Hawaii 2.2m telescope. To undertake the observations, we commissioned a new infrared camera for Robo-AO that uses a low-noise high-speed SAPHIRA avalanche photodiode detector. We detected 121 companion candidates around 111 stars, of which 62 companions are physically associated based on Gaia DR2 parallaxes and proper motions, another 45 require follow-up observations to confirm physical association, and 14 are background objects. The companion separations range from 2 to 1101 au and reach contrast ratios of 7.7 mag in the near-infrared compared to the primary. The majority of confirmed and pending candidates are stellar companions, with ~5 being potentially substellar and requiring follow-up observations for confirmation. We also detected a 43{+/-}9 M_Jup_ and an 81{+/-}5M_Jup_ companion that were previously reported. We found 34 of our targets have acceleration measurements detected using Hipparcos-Gaia proper motions. Of those, 58_-14_^+12^% of the 12 stars with imaged companion candidates have significant accelerations ({chi}^2^>11.8), while only 23_-6_^+11^% of the remaining 22 stars with no detected companion have significant accelerations. The significance of the acceleration decreases with increasing companion separation. These young accelerating low-mass stars with companions will eventually yield dynamical masses with future orbit monitoring.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/788/40
- Title:
- Late-type targets in Taurus, Cha I, and Upper Sco
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/788/40
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have used WFPC2 on board the Hubble Space Telescope to obtain images of 47 members of the Taurus and Chamaeleon I star-forming regions that have spectral types of M6-L0 (M~0.01-0.1 M_{sun}_). An additional late-type member of Taurus, FU Tau (M7.25+M9.25), was also observed with adaptive optics at Keck Observatory. In these images, we have identified promising candidate companions to 2MASS J04414489+2301513 ({rho}=0.105"/15 AU), 2MASS J04221332+1934392 ({rho}=0.05"/7 AU), and ISO 217 ({rho}=0.03"/5 AU). We reported the first candidate in a previous study, showing that it has a similar proper motion as the primary in images from WFPC2 and Gemini adaptive optics. We have collected an additional epoch of data with Gemini that further supports that result. By combining our survey with previous high-resolution imaging in Taurus, Chamaeleon I, and Upper Sco ({tau}~10 Myr), we measure binary fractions of 14/93=0.15_-0.03_^+0.05^ for M4-M6 (M~0.1-0.3 M_{sun}_) and 4/108=0.04_-0.01_^+0.03^ for >M6 (M<~0.1 M_{sun}_) at separations of >10 AU. Given the youth and low density of these regions, the lower binary fraction at later types is probably primordial rather than due to dynamical interactions among association members. The widest low-mass binaries (>100 AU) also appear to be more common in Taurus and Chamaeleon I than in the field, which suggests that the widest low-mass binaries are disrupted by dynamical interactions at >10 Myr, or that field brown dwarfs have been born predominantly in denser clusters where wide systems are disrupted or inhibited from forming.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/I/130
- Title:
- LDS Catalogue: Doubles with Common Proper Motion
- Short Name:
- I/130
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This catalogue contains all double stars with common proper motion discovered by Luyten since 1940 up to 1987 (references below). When Luyten had noticed that an entry was duplicated (ref. 8 and 9), only the former LDS number was kept in the data file but with the data given for the latter. The unique exception is LDS 6166, which is a duplicate of LDS 5662, but with an additional component. The systems classified as optical by Luyten were also rejected from the main data files. All the rejected data were put together in a separate file. All coordinates are for the equinox 1950; when the original publication gave another equinox (this is the case for ref. 1), the 1950-coordinates were calculated. The catalogue contains all the systems, sorted by increasing LDS numbers. Duplicate entries and optical systems listed by Luyten were rejected. The catalogue contains 6121 systems, including 87 triple and 1 quadruple systems. The number of records is thus 6210, since each triple system occupies 2 records and the quadruple system 3.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/403/1368
- Title:
- Li abundances & vsini for star-planet systems
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/403/1368
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We determine Li abundances and vsini values from new spectra of 53 stars with Doppler-detected planets not included in our previous papers in this series. We also examine two sets of stars without detected planets, which together serve as our comparison sample. Using the method of comparison of Li abundances and vsini values between two sets of stars we introduced in Gonzalez, we confirm that these two quantities are smaller among stars with planets (SWPs) compared to stars without detected planets near the solar temperature. The transition from low to high Li abundance among SWPs occurs near 5850K, a revision of about 50K from our previous determination. The transition from low to high vsini occurs near 6000K, but this temperature is not as well constrained.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/158/163
- Title:
- Li abundance values for stars in NGC 6819
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/158/163
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Spectroscopy of 333 NGC 6819 stars and Gaia astrometry are used to map Li evolution from the giant branch tip to 0.5 mag below the Li dip. Isochrone comparison with [Fe/H]=-0.04, based upon neural network spectroscopic analysis, produces an age of 2.25 (2.4) Gyr for E(B-V)=0.16 (0.14) and (m-M)=12.40 (12.29). Despite originating outside the Li dip, only 10% of single subgiants/giants have measurable Li. Above the Li dip, the limiting A(Li) for single stars is 3.2+/-0.1 but the lower range is comparable to that found within the dip. The F-dwarf Li dip profile agrees with the Hyades/Praesepe, evolved forward. The Li level among stars populating the plateau fainter than the Li dip is A(Li)=2.83+/-0.16; the dispersion is larger than expected from spectroscopic error alone. Comparison of Li and V_ROT_ distributions among turnoff stars in NGC 7789, NGC 2506, NGC 3680, and NGC 6819 indicates that rotational spindown from the main sequence is critical in defining the boundaries of the Li dip. For higher-mass dwarfs, spindown is likewise correlated with Li depletion, creating a second dip, but at higher mass and on a longer timescale. The Li distribution among evolved stars of NGC 6819 is more representative of the older M67, where subgiant and giant stars emerge from within the Li dip, than the younger NGC 7789, where a broad range in V_ROT_ among the turnoff stars likely produces a range in mass among the giants.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/724/154
- Title:
- Lithium abundances in stars with planets
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/724/154
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This work presents a homogeneous determination of lithium abundances in a large sample of giant-planet-hosting stars (N=117) and a control sample of disk stars without detected planets (N=145). The lithium abundances were derived using a detailed profile fitting of the LiI doublet at 6708{AA} in LTE. The planet-hosting and comparison stars were chosen to have significant overlap in their respective physical properties, including effective temperatures, luminosities, masses, metallicities, and ages. The combination of uniform data and homogeneous analysis with well-selected samples makes this study well suited to probe for possible differences in the lithium abundances found in planet-hosting stars. An overall comparison between the two samples reveals no obvious differences between stars with and without planets. A closer examination of the behavior of the Li abundances over a narrow range of effective temperature (5700K<=T_eff_<=5850K) indicates subtle differences between the two stellar samples; this temperature range is particularly sensitive to various physical processes that can deplete lithium.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/855/115
- Title:
- Lithium abundances of KOIs from CKS spectra
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/855/115
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The lithium doublet at 6708{AA} provides an age diagnostic for main sequence FGK dwarfs. We measured the abundance of lithium in 1305 stars with detected transiting planets from the Kepler mission using high-resolution spectroscopy. Our catalog of lithium measurements from this sample has a range of abundance from A(Li)=3.11+/-0.07 to an upper limit of -0.84dex. For a magnitude-limited sample that comprises 960 of the 1305 stars, our Keck-HIRES spectra have a median signal-to-noise ratio of 45 per pixel at ~6700{AA} with spectral resolution {lambda}/{Delta}{lambda}=R=55000. We identify 80 young stars that have A(Li) values greater than the Hyades at their respective effective temperatures; these stars are younger than ~650Myr, the approximate age of the Hyades. We then compare the distribution of A(Li) with planet size, multiplicity, orbital period, and insolation flux. We find larger planets preferentially in younger systems, with an A-D two-sided test p-value=0.002, a>3{sigma} confidence that the older and younger planet samples do not come from the same parent distribution. This is consistent with planet inflation/photoevaporation at early ages. The other planet parameters (Kepler planet multiplicity, orbital period, and insolation flux) are uncorrelated with age.