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2181. Radial velocity characterization of TESS planets
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/82
Title:
Radial velocity characterization of TESS planets
Short Name:
J/AJ/156/82
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) will conduct a two-year wide-field survey searching for transiting planets around bright stars. Many TESS discoveries will be amenable to mass characterization via ground-based radial velocity measurements with any of a growing suite of existing and anticipated velocimeters in the optical and near-infrared. In this study we present an analytical formalism to compute the number of radial velocity (RV) measurements - and hence the total observing time-required to characterize RV planet masses with the inclusion of either a white or correlated noise activity model. We use our model to calculate the total observing time required to measure all TESS planet masses from the expected TESS planet yield while relying on our current understanding of the targeted stars, stellar activity, and populations of unseen planets that inform the expected RV precision. We also present specialized calculations applicable to a variety of interesting subsets of TESS planets including the characterization of 50 planets smaller than 4 Earth radii, which is expected to take as little as 60 nights of observation. However, the efficient RV characterization of such planets requires a priori knowledge of the "best" targets, which we argue can be identified prior to the conclusion of the TESS planet search based on our calculations. Our results highlight the comparable performance of optical and near-IR spectrographs for most planet populations except for Earths and temperate TESS planets, which are more efficiently characterized in the near-IR. Lastly, we present an online tool to the community to compute the total observing times required to detect any transiting planet using a user-defined spectrograph (RVFC; http://maestria.astro.umontreal.ca/rvfc).
2182. Radial velocity curve of RBS 490
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PASP/118/1238
Title:
Radial velocity curve of RBS 490
Short Name:
J/PASP/118/1238
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
RBS (ROSAT Bright Source) 0490 is a cataclysmic variable star (CV) with unusually strong emission lines. The strength of the emission lines has led to a suggestion that the object is intrinsically faint and correspondingly nearby (33pc), which, if true, would strongly affect estimates of the CV space density. Here we report astrometry, filter photometry, and time-series spectroscopy of this object. The astrometry gives an absolute parallax of 4.5+/-1.5mas and a relative proper motion of 102mas/yr. A Bayesian procedure gives a very uncertain distance estimate of d~300pc, and the small parallax alone implies d>133pc (at 2 standard deviations). The mean V magnitude is 17.4, which implies M_V_=10.9-5log[d/(200pc)], neglecting extinction. At 200pc, the space velocity would be over 90km/s with respect to the local standard of rest. The time-series spectroscopy shows a possible emission-line radial velocity period near 46 minutes. This would be unusually short for an orbital period, and it may represent some other clock in the system.
2183. Radial velocity for 19 RR Lyrae
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/162/117
Title:
Radial velocity for 19 RR Lyrae
Short Name:
J/AJ/162/117
Date:
21 Mar 2022 00:54:18
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We report 272 radial velocities for 19 RR-Lyrae variables. For most of the stars we have radial velocities for the complete pulsation cycle. These data are used to determine robust center-of-mass radial velocities that have been compared to values from the literature in a search for evidence of binary systems. Center-of-mass velocities were determined for each star using Fourier Series and template fits to the radial velocities. Our center-of-mass velocities have uncertainties from {+/-}0.16km/s to {+/-}2.5km/s, with a mean uncertainty of {+/-}0.92km/s. We combined our center-of-mass velocities with values from the literature to look for deviations from the mean center-of-mass velocity of each star. Fifteen RR-Lyrae show no evidence of binary motion (BK And, CI And, Z CVn, DM Cyg, BK Dra, RR Gem, XX Hya, SZ Leo, BX Leo, TT Lyn, CN Lyr, TU Per, U Tri, RV UMa, and AV Vir). In most cases this conclusion is reached due to the sporadic sampling of the center-of-mass velocities over time. Three RR Lyrae show suspicious variation in the center-of-mass velocities that may indicate binary motion but do not prove it (SS Leo, ST Leo, and AO Peg). TU UMa was observed by us near a predicted periastron passage (at 0.14 in orbital phase) but the absence of additional center-of-mass velocities near periastron makes the binary detection, based on radial velocities alone, uncertain. Two stars in our sample show H{gamma} emission in phases 0.9-1.0: SS Leo and TU UMa.
2184. Radial Velocity jitters in ~600 planet host stars
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/159/235
Title:
Radial Velocity jitters in ~600 planet host stars
Short Name:
J/AJ/159/235
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Radial velocity (RV) detection of planets is hampered by astrophysical processes on the surfaces of stars that induce a stochastic signal, or "jitter," which can drown out or even mimic planetary signals. Here, we empirically and carefully measure the RV jitter of more than 600 stars from the California Planet Search sample on a star by star basis. As part of this process, we explore the activity-RV correlation of stellar cycles and include appendices listing every ostensibly companion-induced signal we removed and every activity cycle we noted. We then use precise stellar properties from Brewer+, 2017ApJS..230...12B to separate the sample into bins of stellar mass and examine trends with activity and with evolutionary state. We find that RV jitter tracks stellar evolution and that in general, stars evolve through different stages of RV jitter: the jitter in younger stars is driven by magnetic activity, while the jitter in older stars is convectively driven and dominated by granulation and oscillations. We identify the "jitter minimum"-where activity-driven and convectively driven jitter have similar amplitudes-for stars between 0.7 and 1.7M{sun} and find that more-massive stars reach this jitter minimum later in their lifetime, in the subgiant or even giant phases. Finally, we comment on how these results can inform future RV efforts, from prioritization of follow-up targets from transit surveys like the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) to target selection of future RV surveys.
2185. Radial velocity measurements in LAMOST-II
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/244/27
Title:
Radial velocity measurements in LAMOST-II
Short Name:
J/ApJS/244/27
Date:
09 Dec 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The radial velocity (RV) is a basic physical quantity that can be determined through the Doppler shift of the spectrum of a star. The precision of the RV measurement depends on the resolution of the spectrum we used and the accuracy of wavelength calibration. In this work, radial velocities of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope-II (LAMOST-II) medium-resolution (R~7500) spectra are measured for 1,594,956 spectra (each spectrum has two wavebands) through matching with templates. A set of RV standard stars are used to recalibrate the zero point of the measurement, and some reference sets with RVs derived from medium-/high-resolution observations are used to evaluate the accuracy of the measurement. By comparing with reference sets, the accuracy of our measurement can get 0.0277km/s with respect to radial velocities of standard stars. The intrinsic precision is estimated with the multiple observations of single stars, which can be achieved to 1.36km/s, 1.08km/s, and 0.91km/s for the spectra at signal-to-noise levels of 10, 20, and 50, respectively.
2186. Radial velocity measurements of 20 EBs in LMC
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/860/1
Title:
Radial velocity measurements of 20 EBs in LMC
Short Name:
J/ApJ/860/1
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present a determination of the precise fundamental physical parameters of 20 detached, double-lined, eclipsing binary stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) containing G- or early K-type giant stars. Eleven are new systems; the remaining nine are systems already analyzed by our team for which we present updated parameters. The catalog results from our long-term survey of eclipsing binaries in the Magellanic Clouds suitable for high-precision determination of distances (the Araucaria Project). The V-band brightnesses of the systems range from 15.4 to 17.7mag, and their orbital periods range from 49 to 773days. Six systems have favorable geometry showing total eclipses. The absolute dimensions of all eclipsing binary components are calculated with a precision of better than 3%, and all systems are suitable for a precise distance determination. The measured stellar masses are in the range 1.4 to 4.6M_{sun}_, and comparison with the MESA isochrones gives ages between 0.1 and 2.1Gyr. The systems show an age-metallicity relation with no evolution of metallicity for systems older than 0.6Gyr, followed by a rise to a metallicity maximum at age 0.5Gyr and then a slow metallicity decrease until 0.1Gyr. Two systems have components with very different masses: OGLE LMC-ECL-05430 and OGLE LMC-ECL-18365. Neither system can be fitted by a single stellar evolution isochrone, explained by a past mass transfer scenario in the case of ECL-18365 and a gravitational capture or hierarchical binary merger scenario in the case of ECL-05430. The longest-period system, OGLE LMC SC9_230659, shows a surprising apsidal motion that shifts the apparent position of the eclipses. This is a clear sign of a physical companion to the system; however, neither investigation of the spectra nor light-curve analysis indicates a third-light contribution larger than 2%-3%. In one spectrum of OGLE LMC-ECL-12669, we noted a peculiar dimming of one of the components by 65% well outside of the eclipses. We interpret this observation as arising from an extremely rare occultation event, as a foreground Galactic object covers only one component of an extragalactic eclipsing binary.
2187. Radial velocity of 240 YSOs with MMT/Hectochelle
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/162/56
Title:
Radial velocity of 240 YSOs with MMT/Hectochelle
Short Name:
J/AJ/162/56
Date:
14 Mar 2022 06:56:34
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Stellar kinematics is a powerful tool for understanding the formation process of stellar associations. Here, we present a kinematic study of the young stellar population in the Rosette nebula using recent Gaia data and high-resolution spectra. We first isolate member candidates using the published mid-infrared photometric data and the list of X-ray sources. A total of 403 stars with similar parallaxes and proper motions are finally selected as members. The spatial distribution of the members shows that this star-forming region is highly substructured. The young open cluster NGC2244 in the center of the nebula has a pattern of radial expansion and rotation. We discuss its implication on the cluster formation, e.g., monolithic cold collapse or hierarchical assembly. On the other hand, we also investigate three groups located around the border of the HII bubble. The western group seems to be spatially correlated with the adjacent gas structure, but their kinematics is not associated with that of the gas. The southern group does not show any systematic motion relative to NGC2244. These two groups might be spontaneously formed in filaments of a turbulent cloud. The eastern group is spatially and kinematically associated with the gas pillar receding away from NGC2244. This group might be formed by feedback from massive stars in NGC2244. Our results suggest that the stellar population in the Rosette Nebula may form through three different processes: the expansion of stellar clusters, hierarchical star formation in turbulent clouds, and feedback-driven star formation.
2188. Radial velocity variable stars from LAMOST DR4
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/249/22
Title:
Radial velocity variable stars from LAMOST DR4
Short Name:
J/ApJS/249/22
Date:
25 Oct 2021 00:46:50
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Radial velocity (RV) variable stars are important in astrophysics. The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) spectroscopic survey has provided ~6.5 million stellar spectra in its Data Release 4 (DR4). During the survey ~4.7 million unique sources were targeted and ~1 million stars observed repeatedly. The probabilities of stars being RV variables are estimated by comparing the observed RV variations with simulated ones. We build a catalog of 80702 RV variable candidates with probability greater than 0.60 by analyzing the multi-epoch sources covered by LAMOST DR4. Simulations and cross-identifications show that the purity of the catalog is higher than 80%. The catalog consists of 77% binary systems and 7% pulsating stars as well as 16% pollution by single stars. 3138 RV variables are classified through cross-identifications with published results in literatures. By using the 3138 sources common in both LAMOST and a collection of published RV variable catalogs, we are able to analyze LAMOST's RV variable detection rate. The efficiency of the method adopted in this work relies not only on the sampling frequency of observations but also periods and amplitudes of RV variables. With the progress of LAMOST, Gaia, and other surveys, more and more RV variables will be confirmed and classified.
2189. Radio and optical properties of QSOs
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/141/182
Title:
Radio and optical properties of QSOs
Short Name:
J/AJ/141/182
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Using the largest homogeneous quasar sample with high-quality optical spectra and robust radio morphology classifications assembled to date, we investigate relationships between radio and optical properties with unprecedented statistical power. The sample consists of 4714 radio quasars from FIRST with S_20_>=2mJy and with spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Radio morphology classes include core-only (core), core-lobe (lobe), core-jet (jet), lobe-core-lobe (triple), and double-lobe.
2190. Radio interferometric planet search. I.
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/701/1922
Title:
Radio interferometric planet search. I.
Short Name:
J/ApJ/701/1922
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Radio astrometry of nearby, low-mass stars has the potential to be a powerful tool for the discovery and characterization of planetary companions. We present a Very Large Array survey of 172 active M dwarfs at distances of less than 10pc. Twenty-nine stars were detected with flux densities greater than 100uJy. We observed seven of these stars with the Very Long Baseline Array at milliarcsecond resolution in three separate epochs. With a detection threshold of 500uJy in images of sensitivity 1{sigma}~100uJy, we detected three stars three times (GJ 65B, GJ 896A, GJ 4247), one star twice (GJ 285), and one star once (GJ 803). Two stars were undetected (GJ 412B and GJ 1224). For the four stars detected in multiple epochs, residuals from the optically determined apparent motions have an root-mean-square deviation of ~0.2 milliarcseconds, consistent with statistical noise limits. Combined with previous optical astrometry, these residuals provide acceleration upper limits that allow us to exclude planetary companions more massive than 3-6M_Jup_ at a distance of ~1AU with a 99% confidence level.