- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/587/A124
- Title:
- Metal-poor stars towards the Galactic bulge
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/587/A124
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a comprehensive chemical abundance analysis of five red giants and two horizontal branch (HB) stars towards the south- ern edge of the Galactic bulge, at (l, b)~(0{deg}, -11{deg}). Based on high-resolution spectroscopy obtained with the Magellan/MIKE spectrograph, we derived up to 23 chemical element abundances and identify a mixed bag of stars, representing various populations in the central regions of the Galaxy. Although cosmological simulations predict that the inner Galaxy was host to the first stars in the Universe, we see no chemical evidence of the ensuing massive supernova explosions: all of our targets exhibit halo-like, solar [Sc/Fe] ratios, which is in contrast to the low values predicted from Population III nucleosynthesis. One of the targets is a CEMP-s star at [Fe/H]=-2.52dex, and another target is a moderately metal-poor ([Fe/H]=-1.53dex) CH star with strong enrichment in s-process elements (e.g., [Ba/Fe]=1.35). These individuals provide the first contenders of these classes of stars towards the bulge. Four of the carbon-normal stars exhibit abundance patterns reminiscent of halo star across a metallicity range spanning -2.0 to -2.6dex, i.e., enhanced {alpha}-elements and solar Fe-peak and neutron-capture elements, and the remaining one is a regular metal-rich bulge giant. The position, distance, and radial velocity of one of the metal-poor HB stars coincides with simulations of the old trailing arm of the disrupted Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. While their highly uncertain proper motions prohibit a clear kinematic separation, the stars' chemical abundances and distances suggest that these metal-poor candidates, albeit located towards the bulge, are not of the bulge, but rather inner halo stars on orbits that make them pass through the central regions. Thus, we caution similar claims of detections of metal-poor stars as true habitants of the bulge.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/131/2949
- Title:
- Mn abundances in cluster and field stars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/131/2949
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have derived Mn abundances for more than 200 stars in 19 globular clusters. In addition, Mn abundance determinations have been made for a comparable number of halo field and disk stars possessing an overlapping range of metallicities and stellar parameters. Our primary data set was comprised of high-resolution spectra previously acquired at the McDonald, Lick, and Keck Observatories. To enlarge our data pool, we acquired globular and open cluster spectra from several other investigators. Data were analyzed using synthetic spectra of the 6000{AA} Mn I triplet. Hyperfine structure parameters were included in the synthetic spectra computations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/564/A60
- Title:
- NGC 4833 Na-O measured with FLAMES
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/564/A60
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Our FLAMES survey of Na-O anticorrelation in globular clusters (GCs) is extended to NGC 4833, a metal-poor GC with a long blue tail on the horizontal branch (HB). We present the abundance analysis (Na, O, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Ba, La, Nd)for 78 red giants based on UVES and GIRAFFE spectra acquired at the ESO-VLT. NGC 4833 has [Fe/H]=-2.015+/-0.004+/-0.084dex (rms=0.014dex) from 12 stars observed with UVES; the iron abundance is homogeneous at better than 6%. The Na-O anticorrelation in NGC 4833 is quite extended, as expected from the high temperatures reached by stars on the HB, and NGC 4833 contains a conspicuous fraction of stars with extreme [O/Na] ratios. Large star-to-star variations are seen also for Mg, which spans a range of more than 0.5dex in this GC. Depletions in Mg are correlated to the abundances of O and anti-correlated with Na, Al, and Si abundances. This pattern suggests the action of nuclear processing at unusually high temperatures, producing the extreme chemistry observed in the stellar generations of NGC 4833. This extreme changes are also seen in giants of the much more massive GCs M 54 and omega Cen, and our conclusion is that NGC 4833 has probably lost a conpicuous fraction of its original mass due to bulge shocking, as also indicated by its orbit.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/618/A134
- Title:
- Omega Cen lower red giant stars abundances
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/618/A134
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Li, Na, Al and Fe abundances of 199 lower red giant branch stars members of the stellar system Omega Centauri, using high-resolution spectra acquired with FLAMES at the Very Large Telescope. The A(Li) distribution is peaked at A(Li)~1dex with a prominent tail toward lower values. The peak of the distribution well agrees with the lithium abundances measured in lower red giant branch stars in globular clusters and Galactic field stars. Stars with A(Li)~1dex are found at metallicities lower than [Fe/H]~-1.3dex but they disappear at higher metallicities. On the other hand, Li-poor stars are found at all the metallicities. The most metal-poor stars exhibit a clear Li-Na anticorrelation, with about 30% of the sample with A(Li) lower than ~0.8dex, while in normal globular clusters these stars represent a small fraction. Most of the stars with [Fe/H]>-1.6dex are Li-poor and Na-rich. The Li depletion measured in these stars is not observed in globular clusters with similar metallicities and we demonstrate that it is not caused by the proposed helium enhancements and/or young ages. Hence, these stars formed from a gas already depleted in lithium. Finally, we note that Omega Centauri includes all the populations (Li-normal/Na-normal, Li-normal/Na-rich and Li-poor/Na-rich stars) observed, to a lesser extent, in mono-metallic GCs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/602/L117
- Title:
- Oxygen in Pleiades and M34 dwarfs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/602/L117
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyze the high-excitation O I {lambda}7774 triplet in high-resolution, moderate signal-to-noise ratio spectra of 15 Pleiades and eight M34 open cluster dwarfs over the effective temperature range of 5048-6172K. Relative O abundances have been derived using model atmospheres interpolated from four different sets of ATLAS9 grids. In contrast to existing non-LTE (NLTE) predictions, a dramatic increase in the O I triplet abundance with decreasing temperature is seen for both clusters, regardless of the atmospheric model. S I abundances of three Pleiades stars derived from the high-excitation {lambda}6053 feature mimic the O I abundance behavior. O abundances have also been derived from the [O I] {lambda}6300 feature in three Pleiades stars; the abundances exhibit a much lower mean value than do the cool dwarf triplet results. Inasmuch as the [O I] abundances are presumed to be free from NLTE effects, their mean values ([O/H]_6300_=+0.14) provide the current best estimate of the Pleiades O abundance. Spreads in [O/H]_Trip_ at a given temperature are also seen in both clusters; no correlation is found between the spreads and the chromospheric emission measures.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/600/A104
- Title:
- Potassium abundance in 3 globular clusters
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/600/A104
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We derived Potassium abundances in red giant branch stars in the Galactic globular clusters NGC 104 (144 stars), NGC 6752 (134 stars) and NGC 6809 (151 stars) using high-resolution spectra collected with FLAMES at the ESO - Very Large Telescope. In the considered samples we do not find significant intrinsic spreads in [K/Fe] (confirming the previous findings by Carretta et al.), at variance with the cases of the massive clusters NGC 2419 and NGC 2808. Additionally, marginally significant [K/Fe]-[O/Fe] anti-correlations are found in NGC 104 and NGC 6809, and [K/Fe]-[Na/Fe] correlations are found in NGC 104 and NGC 6752. No evidence of [K/Fe]-[Mg/Fe] anti-correlation are found. The results of our analysis are consistent with a scenario in which the process leading to the multi-populations in globular clusters implies also enrichment in the K abundance, the amplitude of the associated [K/Fe] enhancement becoming measurable only in stars showing the most extreme effects of O and Mg depletion. Stars enhanced in [K/Fe] have been found so far only in clusters harbouring some Mg-poor stars, while the other globulars, without a Mg-poor sub-population, show small or null [K/Fe] spreads.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/852/49
- Title:
- Properties of metal-poor stars in APOGEE DR13
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/852/49
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We find two chemically distinct populations separated relatively cleanly in the [Fe/H]-[Mg/Fe] plane, but also distinguished in other chemical planes, among metal-poor stars (primarily with metallicities [Fe/H]<-0.9) observed by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) and analyzed for Data Release 13 (DR13) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. These two stellar populations show the most significant differences in their [X/Fe] ratios for the {alpha}-elements, C+N, Al, and Ni. In addition to these populations having differing chemistry, the low metallicity high-Mg population (which we denote "the HMg population") exhibits a significant net Galactic rotation, whereas the low-Mg population (or "the LMg population") has halo-like kinematics with little to no net rotation. Based on its properties, the origin of the LMg population is likely an accreted population of stars. The HMg population shows chemistry (and to an extent kinematics) similar to the thick disk, and is likely associated with in situ formation. The distinction between the LMg and HMg populations mimics the differences between the populations of low- and high-{alpha} halo stars found in previous studies, suggesting that these are samples of the same two populations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/889/63
- Title:
- Properties of Sgr Stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/889/63
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using 3D positions and kinematics of stars relative to the Sagittarius (Sgr) orbital plane and angular momentum, we identify 166 Sgr stream members observed by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) that also have Gaia DR2 astrometry. This sample of 63/103 stars in the Sgr trailing/leading arm is combined with an APOGEE sample of 710 members of the Sgr dwarf spheroidal core (385 of them newly presented here) to establish differences of 0.6dex in median metallicity and 0.1dex in [{alpha}/Fe] between our Sgr core and dynamically older stream samples. Mild chemical gradients are found internally along each arm, but these steepen when anchored by core stars. With a model of Sgr tidal disruption providing estimated dynamical ages (i.e., stripping times) for each stream star, we find a mean metallicity gradient of 0.12+/-0.03dex/Gyr for stars stripped from Sgr over time. For the first time, an [{alpha}/Fe] gradient is also measured within the stream, at 0.02_/-0.01dex/Gyr using magnesium abundances and at 0.04+/-0.01dex/Gyr^ using silicon, which imply that the Sgr progenitor had significant radial abundance gradients. We discuss the magnitude of those inferred gradients and their implication for the nature of the Sgr progenitor within the context of the current family of Milky Way satellite galaxies, and we suggest that more sophisticated Sgr models are needed to properly interpret the growing chemodynamical detail we have on the Sgr system.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/859/L8
- Title:
- Properties of TriAnd stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/859/L8
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The nature of the Triangulum-Andromeda (TriAnd) system has been debated since the discovery of this distant, low-latitude Milky Way (MW) overdensity more than a decade ago. Explanations for its origin are either as a halo substructure from the disruption of a dwarf galaxy, or a distant extension of the Galactic disk. We test these hypotheses using the chemical abundances of a dozen TriAnd members from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV's (SDSS-IV's) 14th Data Release (DR14) of Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) data to compare to APOGEE abundances of stars with similar metallicity from both the Sagittarius (Sgr) dSph and the outer MW disk. We find that TriAnd stars are chemically distinct from Sgr across a variety of elements, (C+N), Mg, K, Ca, Mn, and Ni, with a separation in [X/Fe] of about 0.1 to 0.4dex depending on the element. Instead, the TriAnd stars, with a median metallicity of about -0.8, exhibit chemical abundance ratios similar to those of the lowest metallicity ([Fe/H]~-0.7) stars in the outer Galactic disk, and are consistent with expectations of extrapolated chemical gradients in the outer disk of the MW. These results suggest that TriAnd is associated with the MW disk, and, therefore, that the disk extends to this overdensity-i.e., past a Galactocentric radius of 24kpc-albeit vertically perturbed about 7kpc below the nominal disk midplane in this region of the Galaxy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/III/134
- Title:
- Radial Velocities of Bright Population II F Stars
- Short Name:
- III/134
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This catalog presents new radial velocity determinations, based on 2nm/mm Coude plates, for 146 southern stars brighter than m(v)=8.3. Drawn from the catalog of uvby-{beta} photometry of southern A5-G0 stars by Olsen (1983, Cat. II/90), the program stars are certain or suspected Population II stars. One triple-lined and 10 double-lined binaries have been detected, including HD 210737, for which a preliminary orbit has been derived. Notes on spectral peculiarities are given. The catalog is in two files. The first file lists HD number, heliocentric Julian date of observation, radial velocity with error and number of lines observed for both the primary and secondary stars, rotation class, and remarks for each observation. The second file contains additional remarks to the data of the first file, sorted by HD number.
