- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/788/81
- Title:
- BANYAN III. RVel and rotation of low-mass stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/788/81
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Based on high-resolution spectra obtained with PHOENIX at Gemini South, CRIRES at VLT-UT1, and ESPaDOnS at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, we present new measurements of the radial and projected rotational velocities of 219 low-mass stars. The target likely membership was initially established using the Bayesian analysis tool recently presented in Malo et al. (Paper I: 2013, J/ApJ/762/88), taking into account only the position, proper motion, and photometry of the stars to assess their membership probability. In the present study, we include radial velocity as an additional input to our analysis, and in doing so we confirm the high membership probability for 130 candidates: 27 in {beta} Pictoris, 22 in Tucana-Horologium, 25 in Columba, 7 in Carina, 18 in Argus and 18 in AB Doradus, and 13 with an ambiguous membership. Our analysis also confirms the membership of 57 stars proposed in the literature. A subsample of 16 candidates was observed at 3 or more epochs, allowing us to discover 6 new spectroscopic binaries. The fraction of binaries in our sample is 25%, consistent with values in the literature. Of the stars in our sample, 20% show projected rotational velocities (vsin i) higher than 30 km/s and therefore are considered as fast rotators. A parallax and other youth indicators are still needed to fully confirm the 130 highly probable candidates identified here as new bona fide members. Finally, based on the X-ray emission of bona fide and highly probable group members, we show that for low-mass stars in the 12-120Myr age range, the X-ray luminosity is an excellent indicator of youth and better than the more traditionally used R_X_parameter, the ratio of X-ray to bolometric luminosity.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/783/121
- Title:
- BANYAN II. Nearby young assoc. candidate members
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/783/121
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Bayesian Analysis for Nearby Young AssociatioNs II (BANYAN II), a modified Bayesian analysis for assessing the membership of later-than-M5 objects to any of several Nearby Young Associations (NYAs). In addition to using kinematic information (from sky position and proper motion), this analysis exploits 2MASS-WISE color-magnitude diagrams in which old and young objects follow distinct sequences. As an improvement over our earlier work (Malo+, 2013, J/ApJ/762/88), the spatial and kinematic distributions for each association are now modeled as ellipsoids whose axes need not be aligned with the Galactic coordinate axes, and we use prior probabilities matching the expected populations of the NYAs considered versus field stars. We present an extensive contamination analysis to characterize the performance of our new method. We find that Bayesian probabilities are generally representative of contamination rates, except when a parallax measurement is considered. In this case contamination rates become significantly smaller and hence Bayesian probabilities for NYA memberships are pessimistic. We apply this new algorithm to a sample of 158 objects from the literature that are either known to display spectroscopic signs of youth or have unusually red near-infrared colors for their spectral type. Based on our analysis, we identify 25 objects as new highly probable candidates to NYAs, including a new M7.5 bona fide member to Tucana-Horologium, making it the latest-type member. In addition, we reveal that a known L2{gamma} dwarf is co-moving with a bright M5 dwarf, and we show for the first time that two of the currently known ultra red L dwarfs are strong candidates to the AB Doradus moving group. Several objects identified here as highly probable members to NYAs could be free-floating planetary-mass objects if their membership is confirmed.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/862/138
- Title:
- BANYAN. XIII. Nearby young assoc. with Gaia DR2
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/862/138
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this paper, we examine the nearest 100pc entries in Data Release 2 of Gaia to identify previously unrecognized candidate members in young associations. We analyze 695952 stars with the BANYAN {Sigma} Bayesian classification software and discover 898 new high-likelihood candidate members that span a wide range of properties, from spectral types B9 to L2, including 104 comoving systems, 111 brown dwarfs, and 31 new bona fide members. Our sample is mostly composed of highly active M dwarfs and will be crucial in examining the low-mass end of the initial mass function of young associations. Our sample includes new candidate members near the Galactic plane where previous surveys suffered from a high rate of contamination. This paper represents the first step toward a full reassessment of young associations in the solar neighborhood with the second data release of the Gaia mission.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/860/43
- Title:
- BANYAN. XII. New members from Gaia-Tycho data
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/860/43
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a search for stellar members of young associations within 150pc of the Sun, based on TGAS and an updated version of the BANYAN {Sigma} software to determine Bayesian membership probabilities that includes Gaia-2MASS color-magnitude diagrams. We identify 32 new F0-M3-type bona fide members of the 10-200Myr old Sco-Cen, Carina, Tucana-Horologium, Columba, and Octans associations and the AB Doradus, {beta} Pictoris, and Carina-Near moving groups. These new bona fide members have measurements of their full kinematics and literature data consistent with a young age. We also confirm the membership of 66 previously known candidate members using their Gaia-Tycho trigonometric distances or new literature radial velocities, and identify 219 additional new candidate members, most of which do not yet have a radial velocity measurement. This work is the first step toward a completeness-corrected survey of young association members based on Gaia DR2 in the near future.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/856/23
- Title:
- BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN {Sigma} algorithm
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/856/23
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- BANYAN {Sigma} is a new Bayesian algorithm to identify members of young stellar associations within 150pc of the Sun. It includes 27 young associations with ages in the range ~1-800Myr, modeled with multivariate Gaussians in six-dimensional (6D) XYZUVW space. It is the first such multi-association classification tool to include the nearest sub-groups of the Sco-Cen OB star-forming region, the IC2602, IC2391, Pleiades and Platais 8 clusters, and the {rho} Ophiuchi, Corona Australis, and Taurus star formation regions. A model of field stars is built from a mixture of multivariate Gaussians based on the Besancon Galactic model. The algorithm can derive membership probabilities for objects with only sky coordinates and proper motion, but can also include parallax and radial velocity measurements, as well as spectrophotometric distance constraints from sequences in color-magnitude or spectral type-magnitude diagrams. BANYAN {Sigma} benefits from an analytical solution to the Bayesian marginalization integrals over unknown radial velocities and distances that makes it more accurate and significantly faster than its predecessor BANYAN II. A contamination versus hit rate analysis is presented and demonstrates that BANYAN {Sigma} achieves a better classification performance than other moving group tools available in the literature, especially in terms of cross-contamination between young associations. An updated list of bona fide members in the 27 young associations, augmented by the Gaia-DR1 release, as well as all parameters for the 6D multivariate Gaussian models for each association and the Galactic field neighborhood within 300 pc are presented.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/626/A127
- Title:
- Barium and related stars and WD companions
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/626/A127
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This paper provides long-period and revised orbits for barium and S stars adding to previously published ones. The sample of barium stars with strong anomalies comprise all such stars present in the Lu et al. catalogue. We find orbital motion for all barium and extrinsic S stars monitored. We obtain the longest period known so far for a spectroscopic binary involving an S star, namely 57 Peg with a period of the order of 100-500yr. We present the mass distribution for the barium stars, which ranges from 1 to 3M_{sun}_, with a tail extending up to 5M_{sun}_ in the case of mild barium stars. This high-mass tail comprises mostly high-metallicity objects ([Fe/H]>=-0.1). Mass functions are compatible with WD companions and we derive their mass distribution which ranges from 0.5 to 1 Msun. Using the initial - final mass relationship established for field WDs, we derived the distribution of the mass ratio q'=M_AGB,ini_/M_Ba_ (where M_AGB,ini_ is the WD progenitor initial mass, i.e., the mass of the system former primary component) which is a proxy for the initial mass ratio. It appears that the distribution of q' is highly non uniform, and significantly different for mild and strong barium stars, the latter being characterized by values mostly in excess of 1.4, whereas mild barium stars occupy the range 1-1.4. We investigate as well the correlation between abundances, orbital periods, metallicities, and masses (barium star and WD companion). The 105 orbits of post-mass-transfer systems presented in this paper pave the way for a comparison with binary-evolution models.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/577/L2
- Title:
- Barnard 1b-N and 1b-S nascent bipolar outflows
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/577/L2
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In the theory of star formation, the first hydrostatic core (FHSC) phase is a critical step in which a condensed object emerges from a prestellar core. This step lasts about one thousand years, a very short time compared with the lifetime of prestellar cores, and therefore is hard to detect unambiguously. We present IRAM Plateau de Bure observations of the Barnard 1b dense molecular core, combining detections of H2CO and CH3OH spectral lines and dust continuum at 2.3" resolution (~500AU). The two compact cores B1b-N and B1b-S are detected in the dust continuum at 2mm, with fluxes that agree with their spectral energy distribution. Molecular outflows associated with both cores are detected. They are inclined relative to the direction of the magnetic field, in agreement with predictions of collapse in turbulent and magnetized gas with a ratio of mass to magnetic flux somewhat higher than the critical value, {mu}~2-7. The outflow associated with B1b-S presents sharp spatial structures, with ejection velocities of up to ~7km/s from the mean velocity. Its dynamical age is estimated to be ~2000yr. The B1b-N outflow is smaller and slower, with a short dynamical age of ~1000yr. The B1b-N outflow mass, mass-loss rate, and mechanical luminosity agree well with theoretical predictions of FHSC. These observations confirm the early evolutionary stage of B1b-N and the slightly more evolved stage of B1b-S.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/220/18
- Title:
- BDKP IV. RVs of late-M and L dwarfs with MagE
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/220/18
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Radial velocity measurements are presented for 85 late M- and L-type very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs obtained with the Magellan Echellette spectrograph. Targets primarily have distances within 20pc of the Sun, with more distant sources selected for their unusual spectral energy distributions. We achieved precisions of 2-3km/s, and combined these with astrometric and spectrophotometric data to calculate UVW velocities. Most are members of the thin disk of the Galaxy, and velocity dispersions indicate a mean age of 5.2+/-0.2Gyr for sources within 20pc. We find significantly different kinematic ages between late-M dwarfs (4.0+/-0.2Gyr) and L dwarfs (6.5+/-0.4Gyr) in our sample that are contrary to predictions from prior simulations. This difference appears to be driven by a dispersed population of unusually blue L dwarfs which may be more prevalent in our local volume-limited sample than in deeper magnitude-limited surveys. The L dwarfs exhibit an asymmetric U velocity distribution with a net inward flow, similar to gradients recently detected in local stellar samples. Simulations incorporating brown dwarf evolution and Galactic orbital dynamics are unable to reproduce the velocity asymmetry, suggesting non-axisymmetric perturbations or two distinct L dwarf populations. We also find the L dwarfs to have a kinematic age-activity correlation similar to more massive stars. We identify several sources with low surface gravities, and two new substellar candidate members of nearby young moving groups: the astrometric binary DENIS J08230313-4912012AB, a low-probability member of the {beta} Pictoris Moving Group; and 2MASS J15104786-2818174, a moderate-probability member of the 30-50Myr Argus Association.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/368/471
- Title:
- Berkeley 32 BVI photometry and spectroscopy
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/368/471
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have obtained medium- and low-resolution spectroscopy and BVI CCD imaging of Berkeley 32, an old open cluster which lies in the anticentre direction. From the radial velocities of 48 stars in the cluster direction, we found that 31 of them, in crucial evolutionary phases, are probable cluster members, with an average radial velocity of +106.7(sigma=8.5)km/s . From isochrone fitting to the colour-magnitude diagrams of Berkeley 32, we have obtained an age of 6.3Gyr, (m-M)0=12.48 and E(B-V)=0.10. The best fit is obtained with Z=0.008. A consistent distance, (m-M)_0_~=12.6+/-0.1, has been derived from the mean magnitude of red clump stars with confirmed membership; we may assume (m-M)_0_~=12.55+/-0.1. The colour-magnitude diagram of the nearby field observed to check for field stars contamination looks intriguingly similar to that of the Canis Major overdensity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/469/4175
- Title:
- Be star candidates in Magellanic Clouds
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/469/4175
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a proper motion investigation of a sample of Be star candidates towards the Magellanic Clouds, which has resulted in the identification of separate populations, in the Galactic foreground and in the Magellanic background. Be stars are broadly speaking B-type stars that have shown emission lines in their spectra. In this work, we studied a sample of 2446 and 1019 Be star candidates towards the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), respectively, taken from the literature and proposed as possible Be stars due to their variability behaviour in the OGLE-II I band. JHKs magnitudes from the InfraRed Survey Facility catalogue and proper motions from the Southern Proper Motion 4 catalogue were obtained for 1188 and 619 LMC and SMC Be stars candidates, respectively. Colour-colour and vector-point diagrams were used to identify different populations amongst the Be star candidates. In the LMC sample, two populations with distinctive infrared colours and kinematics were found, the bluer sample is consistent with being in the LMC and the redder one with belonging to the Milky Way disc. This settles the nature of the redder sample that had been described in previous publications as a possible unknown subclass of stars amongst the Be candidates in the LMC. In the SMC sample, a similar but less evident result was obtained, since this apparent unknown subclass was not seen in this galaxy. We confirm that in the selection of Be stars by their variability, although generally successful, there is a higher risk of contamination by Milky Way objects towards redder B-V and V-I colours.