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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/147/138
- Title:
- Rotational and radial velocities of red giants
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/147/138
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This study presents the rotational distribution of red giant (RG) stars in 11 old to intermediate age open clusters. The masses of these stars are all above the Kraft break, so they lose negligible amounts of their birth angular momentum (AM) during the main-sequence (MS) evolution. However, they do span a mass range with quite different AM distributions imparted during formation, with the stars less massive than ~1.6M_{sun}_ arriving on the MS with lower rotation rates than the more massive stars. The majority of RGs in this study are slow rotators across the entire red giant branch regardless of mass, supporting the picture that intermediate-mass stars rapidly spin down when they evolve off the MS and develop convection zones capable of driving a magnetic dynamo. Nevertheless, a small fraction of RGs in open clusters show some level of enhanced rotation, and faster rotators are as common in these clusters as in the field RG population. Most of these enhanced rotators appear to be red clump stars, which is also true of the underlying stellar sample, while others are clearly RGs that are above or below the clump. In addition to rotational velocities, the radial velocities (RVs) and membership probabilities of individual stars are also presented. Cluster heliocentric RVs for NGC 6005 and Pismis 18 are reported for the first time.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/648/580
- Title:
- Rotational velocities in 19 open clusters
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/648/580
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Open clusters offer us the means to study stellar properties in samples with well-defined ages and initial chemical composition. Here we present a survey of projected rotational velocities for a large sample of mainly B-type stars in young clusters to study the time evolution of the rotational properties of massive stars. The survey is based on moderate-resolution spectra made with the WIYN 3.5m and CTIO 4m telescopes and Hydra multi-object spectrographs, and the target stars are members of 19 young open clusters with an age range of approximately 673Myr. We made fits of the observed lines HeI {lambda}{lambda}4026, 4387, 4471, and MgII {lambda}4481, using model theoretical profiles to find projected rotational velocities for a total of 496 OB stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/150/41
- Title:
- Rotational velocities of 136 B stars from ALS
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/150/41
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have determined projected rotational velocities, vsini, from Magellan/MIKE echelle spectra for a sample of 136 early B-type stars having large Galactocentric distances. The target selection was done independently of their possible membership in clusters, associations or field stars. We subsequently examined the literature and assigned each star as Field, Association, or Cluster. Our vsini results are consistent with a difference in aggregate vsini with stellar density. We fit bimodal Maxwellian distributions to the Field, Association, and Cluster subsamples representing sharp-lined and broad-lined components. The first two distributions, in particular, for the Field and Association are consistent with strong bimodality in vsini. Radial velocities are also presented, which are useful for further studies of binarity in B-type stars, and we also identify a sample of possible new double-lined spectroscopic binaries. In addition, we find 18 candidate Be stars showing emission at H{alpha}.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/733/115
- Title:
- Rotation periods and membership in M34
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/733/115
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a 5 month photometric time-series survey for stellar rotation periods combined with a 4 year radial-velocity survey for membership and binarity in the 220Myr open cluster M34. We report surface rotation periods for 120 stars, 83 of which are kinematic and photometric late-type cluster members. A comparison to previous work serves to illustrate the importance of high-cadence long baseline photometric observations and membership information. The new M34 periods are less biased against slow rotation and cleaned for non-members. The rotation periods of the cluster members span over more than an order of magnitude from 0.5 days up to 11.5 days, and trace two distinct rotational sequences -fast (C) and moderate-to-slow (I)- in the color-period diagram. The sequences represent two different states (fast and slow) in the rotational evolution of the late-type cluster members. We use the color-period diagrams for M34 and for younger and older clusters to estimate the timescale for the transition from the C to the I sequence and find <~150Myr, ~150-300Myr, and ~300-600 Myr for G, early-mid K, and late K dwarfs, respectively. The small number of stars in the gap between C and I suggests a quick transition. We determine a gyrochronology age of 240Myr for M34.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/117/2941
- Title:
- Rotation periods of Orion PMS stars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/117/2941
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report rotation periods for 254 stars in an area 40'x80' centered on the Orion Nebula. We show that these stars are likely members of the young (~10^6^yr) Orion OBIc/d association. The rotation period distribution we determine, which is sensitive to periods 0.1<P<8days, shows a sharp cutoff for periods P<0.5days, corresponding to breakup velocity for these stars. Above 0.5days the distribution is consistent with a uniform distribution; we do not find evidence for a "gap" of periods at 4-5days. We find signatures of active accretion among stars at all periods; active accretion does not occur preferentially among slow rotators in our sample. We find no correlation between rotation period and near-IR signatures of circumstellar disks. In addition, we show that the distribution of vsini among stars in our sample bears striking resemblance to that of low-mass Pleiades stars. We discuss the implications of our findings for the evolution of stellar angular momentum during the pre-main-sequence phase. We argue that all stars in our sample must still deplete angular momentum by factors of roughly 5-10, if they are to preserve their vsini distribution over approximately the next 100Myr. We consider in detail whether our findings are consistent with disk-regulated stellar rotation. We do not find observational evidence that magnetic disk-locking is the dominant mechanism in angular momentum evolution during the premain-sequence phase.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/249/30
- Title:
- R-Process Alliance: metal-poor star spectroscopy
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/249/30
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This compilation is the fourth data release from the R-Process Alliance (RPA) search for r-process-enhanced stars and the second release based on "snapshot" high-resolution (R~30000) spectra collected with the du Pont 2.5m Telescope. In this data release, we propose a new delineation between the r-I and r-II stellar classes at [Eu/Fe]=+0.7, instead of the empirically chosen [Eu/Fe]=+1.0 level previously in use, based on statistical tests of the complete set of RPA data released to date. We also statistically justify the minimum level of [Eu/Fe] for definition of the r-I stars, [Eu/Fe]>+0.3. Redefining the separation between r-I and r-II stars will aid in the analysis of the possible progenitors of these two classes of stars and determine whether these signatures arise from separate astrophysical sources at all. Applying this redefinition to previous RPA data, the number of identified r-II and r-I stars changes to 51 and 121, respectively, from the initial set of data releases published thus far. In this data release, we identify 21 new r-II, 111 new r-I (plus 3 re-identified), and 7 new (plus 1 re-identified) limited-r stars out of a total of 232 target stars, resulting in a total sample of 72 new r-II stars, 232 new r-I stars, and 42 new limited-r stars identified by the RPA to date.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/868/110
- Title:
- R-Process Alliance: 1st release in Galactic halo
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/868/110
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This paper presents the detailed abundances and r-process classifications of 125 newly identified metal-poor stars as part of an ongoing collaboration, the R-Process Alliance. The stars were identified as metal-poor candidates from the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) and were followed up at high spectral resolution (R~31500) with the 3.5m telescope at Apache Point Observatory. The atmospheric parameters were determined spectroscopically from FeI lines, taking into account <3D> non-LTE corrections and using differential abundances with respect to a set of standards. Of the 125 new stars, 124 have [Fe/H]{<}-1.5, 105 have [Fe/H]{<}-2.0, and 4 have [Fe/H]{<}-3.0. Nine new carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars have been discovered, three of which are enhanced in r-process elements. Abundances of neutron-capture elements reveal 60 new r-I stars (with +0.3<=[Eu/Fe]<=+1.0 and [Ba/Eu]<0) and 4 new r-II stars (with [Eu/Fe]>+1.0). Nineteen stars are found to exhibit a "limited-r" signature ([Sr/Ba]>+0.5, [Ba/Eu]<0). For the r-II stars, the second- and third-peak main r-process patterns are consistent with the r-process signature in other metal-poor stars and the Sun. The abundances of the light, {alpha}, and Fe-peak elements match those of typical Milky Way (MW) halo stars, except for one r-I star that has high Na and low Mg, characteristic of globular cluster stars. Parallaxes and proper motions from the second Gaia data release yield UVW space velocities for these stars that are consistent with membership in the MW halo. Intriguingly, all r-II and the majority of r-I stars have retrograde orbits, which may indicate an accretion origin.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/776/26
- Title:
- RRab stars in the Orphan stream distances
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/776/26
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report positions, velocities, and metallicities of 50 ab-type RR Lyrae (RRab) stars observed in the vicinity of the Orphan stellar stream. Using about 30 RRab stars classified as being likely members of the Orphan stream, we study the metallicity and the spatial extent of the stream. We find that RRab stars in the Orphan stream have a wide range of metallicities, from -1.5dex to -2.7dex. The average metallicity of the stream is -2.1dex, identical to the value obtained by Newberg et al. (2010ApJ...711...32N) using blue horizontal branch stars. We find that the most distant parts of the stream (40-50kpc from the Sun) are about 0.3dex more metal-poor than the closer parts (within ~30kpc), suggesting a possible metallicity gradient along the stream's length. We have extended the previous studies and have mapped the stream up to 55kpc from the Sun. Even after a careful search, we did not identify any more distant RRab stars that could plausibly be members of the Orphan stream. If confirmed with other tracers, this result would indicate a detection of the end of the leading arm of the stream. We have compared the distances of Orphan stream RRab stars with the best-fit orbits obtained by Newberg et al. We find that model 6 of Newberg et al. cannot explain the distances of the most remote Orphan stream RRab stars, and conclude that the best fit to distances of Orphan stream RRab stars and to the local circular velocity is provided by potentials where the total mass of the Galaxy within 60kpc is M_60_~2.7x10^11^M_{sun}_, or about 60% of the mass found by previous studies. More extensive modeling that would consider non-spherical potentials and the possibility of misalignment between the stream and the orbit is highly encouraged.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/854/47
- Title:
- RRab stars of Monoceros Ring & A13 overdensities
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/854/47
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Monoceros Ring (also known as the Galactic Anticenter Stellar Structure) and A13 are stellar overdensities at estimated heliocentric distances of d~11kpc and 15kpc observed at low Galactic latitudes toward the anticenter of our Galaxy. While these overdensities were initially thought to be remnants of a tidally disrupted satellite galaxy, an alternate scenario is that they are composed of stars from the Milky Way (MW) disk kicked out to their current location due to interactions between a satellite galaxy and the disk. To test this scenario, we study the stellar populations of the Monoceros Ring and A13 by measuring the number of RR Lyrae and M giant stars associated with these overdensities. We obtain low-resolution spectroscopy for RR Lyrae stars in the two structures and measure radial velocities to compare with previously measured velocities for M giant stars in the regions of the Monoceros Ring and A13, to assess the fraction of RR Lyrae to M giant stars (f_RR:MG_) in A13 and Mon/GASS. We perform velocity modeling on 153 RR Lyrae stars (116 in the Monoceros Ring and 37 in A13) and find that both structures have very low f_RR:MG_. The results support a scenario in which stars in A13 and Mon/GASS formed in the MW disk. We discuss a possible association between Mon/GASS, A13, and the Triangulum-Andromeda overdensity based on their similar velocity distributions and f_RR:MG_.