- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/833/18
- Title:
- Ultra-compact HII regions & methanol masers. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/833/18
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We conducted Very Large Array C-configuration observations to measure positions and luminosities of Galactic Class II 6.7GHz methanol masers and their associated ultra-compact HII regions. The spectral resolution was 3.90625kHz and the continuum sensitivity reached 45{mu}Jy/beam. We mapped 372 methanol masers with peak flux densities of more than 2Jy selected from the literature. Absolute positions have nominal uncertainties of 0.3". In this first paper on the data analysis, we present three catalogs; the first gives information on the strongest feature of 367 methanol maser sources, and the second provides information on all detected maser spots. The third catalog presents derived data of the 127 radio continuum counterparts associated with maser sources. Our detection rate of radio continuum counterparts toward methanol masers is approximately one-third. Our catalogs list properties including distance, flux density, luminosity, and the distribution in the Galactic plane. We found no significant relationship between luminosities of masers and their associated radio continuum counterparts, however, the detection rate of radio continuum emission toward maser sources increases statistically with the maser luminosities.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/301/640
- Title:
- Ultracompact H II regions studies. II.
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/301/640
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- High spatial resolution radio continuum and 6.67-GHz methanol spectral line data are presented for methanol masers previously detected by Walsh et al. (1997, Cat. <J/MNRAS/291/261>). Methanol maser and/or radio continuum emission is found in 364 cases towards IRAS-selected regions. For those sources with methanol maser emission, relative positions have been obtained to an accuracy of typically 0.05arcsec, with absolute positions accurate to around 1arcsec. Maps of selected sources are provided. The intensity of the maser emission does not seem to depend on the presence of a continuum source. The coincidence of water and methanol maser positions in some regions suggests there is overlap in the requirements for methanol and water maser emission to be observable. However, there is a striking difference between the general proximity of methanol and water masers to both cometary and irregularly shaped ultracompact (UC) HII regions, indicating that, in other cases, there must be differing environments conductive to stimulating their emission. We show that the methanol maser is most likely present before an observable UC HII region is formed around a massive star and is quickly destroyed as the UC HII region evolves. There are 36 out of 97 maser sites that are linearly extended. The hypothesis that the maser emission is found in a circumstellar disc is not inconsistent with these 36 maser sites, but is unlikely. It cannot, however, account for all other maser sites. An alternative model which uses shocks to create the masing spots can more readily reproduce the maser spot distributions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/160/279
- Title:
- Untangling the Galaxy. II. Structure within 3kpc
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/160/279
- Date:
- 09 Mar 2022 22:00:00
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of the hierarchical clustering analysis of the Gaia DR2 data to search for clusters, comoving groups, and other stellar structures. The current paper builds on the sample from the previous work, extending it in distance from 1 to 3kpc and increasing the number of identified structures up to 8292. To aid in the analysis of the population properties, we developed a neural network called Auriga to robustly estimate the age, extinction, and distance of a stellar group based on the input photometry and parallaxes of the individual members. We apply Auriga to derive the properties of not only the structures found in this paper, but also previously identified open clusters. Through this work, we examine the temporal structure of the spiral arms. Specifically, we find that the Sagittarius Arm has moved by >500pc in the last 100Myr and the Perseus Arm has been experiencing a relative lull in star formation activity over the last 25Myr. We confirm the findings of the previous paper on the transient nature of the spiral arms, with the timescale of transition of a few 100Myr. Finally, we find a peculiar ~1Gyr old stream of stars that appears to be heliocentric. Its origin is unclear.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/235/6
- Title:
- Updated Multiple Star Catalog (MSC): Sept 2021
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/235/6
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The catalog of hierarchical stellar systems with three or more components is an update of the original 1997 version (Tokovinin, 1997-1999, J/A+AS/124/75). For 2000 hierarchies, the new Multiple Star Catalog (MSC) provides distances, component masses and periods, and supplementary information (astrometry, photometry, identifiers, orbits, notes). The MSC content and format are explained, and its incompleteness and strong observational selection are stressed. Nevertheless, the MSC can be used for statistical studies and is a valuable source for planning observations of multiple stars. Rare classes of stellar hierarchies found in the MSC (with six or seven components, extremely eccentric orbits, planar and possibly resonant orbits, hosting planets) are briefly presented. High-order hierarchies have smaller velocity dispersion compared to triples and are often associated with moving groups. The paper concludes with an analysis of the ratio of periods and separations between inner and outer subsystems. In wide hierarchies, the ratio of semimajor axes, estimated statistically, is distributed between 3 and 300, with no evidence of dynamically unstable systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/145/101
- Title:
- Updated nearby galaxy catalog
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/145/101
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an all-sky catalog of 869 nearby galaxies having individual distance estimates within 11Mpc or corrected radial velocities V_LG_<600km/s. The catalog is a renewed and expanded version of the Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies by Karachentsev et al (2004, cat. J/AJ/127/2031). It collects data on the following galaxy observables: angular diameters, apparent magnitudes in far-UV, B, and K_s_bands, H{alpha} and HI fluxes, morphological types, HI-line widths, radial velocities, and distance estimates. In this Local Volume (LV) sample, 108 dwarf galaxies still remain without measured radial velocities. The catalog yields also calculated global galaxy parameters: linear Holmberg diameter, absolute B magnitude, surface brightness, HI mass, stellar mass estimated via K-band luminosity, HI rotational velocity corrected for galaxy inclination, indicative mass within the Holmberg radius, and three kinds of "tidal index," which quantify the local density environment. The catalog is supplemented with data based on the local galaxies, which presents their optical and available H{alpha} images, as well as other services. We briefly discuss the Hubble flow within the LV and different scaling relations that characterize galaxy structure and global star formation in them. We also trace the behavior of the mean stellar mass density, HI-mass density, and star formation rate density within the volume considered.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/504/356
- Title:
- Updated parameters of 1743 open clusters
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/504/356
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this study, we follow up our recent paper (Monteiro et al., )2020MNRAS.499.1874M and present a homogeneous sample of fundamental parameters of open clusters in our Galaxy, entirely based on Gaia DR2 data. We used published membership probability of the stars derived from Gaia DR2 data and applied our isochrone fitting code, updated as in Monteiro et al. (2020MNRAS.499.1874M), to G_BP_ and G_RP_Gaia DR2 data for member stars. In doing this, we take into account the nominal errors in the data and derive distance, age, and extinction of each cluster. This work therefore provides parameters for 1743 open clusters and, as a by-product, a list of likely not physical or dubious open clusters is provided as well for future investigations. Furthermore, it was possible to estimate the mean radial velocity of 831 clusters (198 of which are new and unpublished so far), using stellar radial velocities from Gaia DR2 catalogue. By comparing the open cluster distances obtained from isochrone fitting with those obtained from a maximum likelihood estimate of individual member parallaxes, we found a systematic offset of (-0.05 {\pm} 0.04) mas.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/745/56
- Title:
- Upper Sco members rotational velocities
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/745/56
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present projected rotational velocities for 20 early-type (B8-A9) and 74 late-type (F2-M8) members of the ~5 Myr old Upper Scorpius OB Association derived from high-dispersion optical spectra obtained with the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer on Keck I and the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle on the Magellan Clay telescope. The spectroscopic sample is composed of stars and brown dwarfs with infrared signatures of circumstellar disks, both primordial and debris, and non-excess sources of comparable spectral type. We merge projected rotational velocities, accretion diagnostics, and Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Array Camera and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer 24 {mu}m photometry to examine the relationship between rotation and circumstellar disks. The rotational velocities are strongly correlated with spectral type, a proxy for mass, such that the median vsin i for B8-A9-type stars is: 195+/-70km/s, F2-K4: 37.8+/-7.4km/s, K5-K9: 13.8^+21.3^_-8.2_km/s, M0-M5: 16.52+/-5.3km/s, and M5.5-M8: 17.72+/-8.1km/s. We find with a probability of >=0.99 that M-type stars and brown dwarfs having infrared excess suggestive of circumstellar disks rotate more slowly than their non-excess counterparts. A similar correlation is present among F2-K9-type stars, but only at the ~97% confidence level. Among the early-type (B8-A9) members, rotational velocities of the debris-disk and non-disk populations are indistinguishable. Considering the late-type (F2-M8) stars and brown dwarfs, we find a low fraction of slowly rotating, non-excess sources relative to younger star-forming regions, suggesting that most have spun up following disk dissipation. The few late-type (F2-M5) debris disk sources, which may be representative of stars that have recently dispersed their inner disks, are evenly divided between slow and moderate rotators.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/715/1203
- Title:
- {upsilon} Andromedae system with HST
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/715/1203
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have used high-cadence radial velocity (RV) measurements from the Hobby-Eberly Telescope with existing velocities from the Lick, Elodie, Harlan J. Smith, and Whipple 60" telescopes combined with astrometric data from the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensors to refine the orbital parameters and determine the orbital inclinations and position angles of the ascending node of components {upsilon} And A c and d. With these inclinations and using M*=1.31M_{sun}_ as a primary mass, we determine the actual masses of two of the companions: {upsilon} And A c is 13.98^+2.3^_-5.3_M_Jup_, and {upsilon} And A d is 10.25^+0.7^_-3.3_M_Jup_. These measurements represent the first astrometric determination of mutual inclination between objects in an extrasolar planetary system, which we find to be 29.9+/-1{deg}. The combined RV measurements also reveal a long-period trend indicating a fourth planet in the system. We investigate the dynamic stability of this system and analyze regions of stability, which suggest a probable mass of {upsilon} And A b. Finally, our parallaxes confirm that u And B is a stellar companion of {upsilon} And A.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/754/69
- Title:
- UV spectroscopy of solar-mass stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/754/69
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We compare high-resolution ultraviolet spectra of the Sun and thirteen solar-mass main-sequence stars with different rotational periods that serve as proxies for their different ages and magnetic field structures. In this, the second paper in the series, we study the dependence of ultraviolet emission-line centroid velocities on stellar rotation period, as rotation rates decrease from that of the Pleiades star HII314 (P_rot_=1.47days) to {alpha} Cen A (P_rot_=28days). Our stellar sample of F9 V to G5 V stars consists of six stars observed with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and eight stars observed with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on HST. We find a systematic trend of increasing redshift with more rapid rotation (decreasing rotation period) that is similar to the increase in line redshift between quiet and plage regions on the Sun. The fastest-rotating solar-mass star in our study, HII314, shows significantly enhanced redshifts at all temperatures above logT=4.6, including the corona, which is very different from the redshift pattern observed in the more slowly rotating stars. This difference in the redshift pattern suggests that a qualitative change in the magnetic-heating process occurs near P_rot_=2days. We propose that HII314 is an example of a solar-mass star with a magnetic heating rate too large for the physical processes responsible for the redshift pattern to operate in the same way as for the more slowly rotating stars. HII314 may therefore lie above the high activity end of the set of solar-like phenomena that is often called the "solar-stellar connection."
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/766/116
- Title:
- Variability in proto-PNe. II.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/766/116
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have carried out a detailed observational study of the light, color, and velocity variations of two bright, carbon-rich proto-planetary nebulae, IRAS 22223+4327 and 22272+5435. The light curves are based upon our observations from 1994 to 2011, together with published data by Arkhipova and collaborators. They each display four significant periods, with primary periods for IRAS 22223+4327 and 22272+5435 being 90 and 132 days, respectively. For each of them, the ratio of secondary to primary period is 0.95, a value much different from that found in Cepheids, but which may be characteristic of post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. Fewer significant periods are found in the smaller radial velocity data sets, but they agree with those of the light curves. The color curves generally mimic the light curves, with the objects reddest when faintest. A comparison in seasons when there exist contemporaneous light, color, and velocity curves reveals that the light and color curves are in phase, while the radial velocity curves are ~0.25 P out of phase with the light curves. Thus they differ from what is seen in Cepheids, in which the radial velocity curve is 0.50 P out of phase with the light curve. Comparison of the observed periods and amplitudes with those of post-AGB pulsation models shows poor agreement, especially for the periods, which are much longer than predicted. These observational data, particularly the contemporaneous light, color, and velocity curves, provide an excellent benchmark for new pulsation models of cool stars in the post-AGB, proto-planetary nebula phase.