- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/134/75
- Title:
- Central Fornax Cluster. II. Galaxy spectroscopy
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/134/75
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this paper, radial velocities of 94 galaxies brighter than about V_tot=20mag in the direction of the central Fornax cluster have been measured. The galaxies have been selected from the photometric catalog of Paper I (Hilker et al., 1998, Cat. <J/A+AS/134/59>). Most of the velocity determinations of the fainter galaxies are based on strong emission lines of late type galaxies. Table 2 of this paper contains the position, magnitude and velocity of all galaxies. Except for 8 Fornax members, all galaxies lie in the background. Among the 8 members, there are 5 nucleated dwarf ellipticals that are already listed in the FCC (Ferguson, 1989, Cat. <VII/180>). Two of the 3 "new" members are very compact and have surface brightnesses comparable to globular clusters, however their luminosities are in the range of dwarf elliptical nuclei.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/126/1362
- Title:
- Century Survey Galactic Halo Project. I.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/126/1362
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Century Survey Galactic Halo Project is a photometric and spectroscopic survey from which we select relatively blue stars (V-R<0.30mag) as probes of the Milky Way halo. The survey strip spans the range of Galactic latitude 35{deg}<b<88{deg}, allowing us to study the nature of populations of stars and their systematic motions as a function of Galactic latitude. One of our primary goals is to use blue horizontal-branch stars to trace potential star streams in the halo, and to test the hierarchical model for the formation of the Galaxy. In this paper we discuss spectroscopy and multipassband photometry for a sample of 764 blue stars in the Century Survey region. Our sample consists predominantly of A- and F-type stars. We describe our techniques for determination of radial velocities, effective temperatures, metallicities, and surface gravities. Based on these measurements, we derive distance estimates by comparison with a set of calibrated isochrones. We devote special attention to the classification of blue horizontal-branch stars, and compare the results obtained from the application of the techniques of Kinman et al. 1994, Cat. <J/AJ/108/1722>, Wilhelm et al. (1999, Cat. <J/AJ/117/2308>), and Clewley et al. (2002MNRAS.337...87C). We identify 55 blue horizontal-branch stars. Our large sample of stars also uncovers a number of unusual objects, including three carbon-enhanced stars, a late B-type star located 0.8kpc above the Galactic plane, and a DZ white dwarf.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/115/635
- Title:
- Cepheid radial velocities
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/115/635
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A catalog of Cepheid variables is used to probe the kinematics of the Galactic disk. Radial velocities are measured for eight distant Cepheids toward l=300{deg}; these new Cepheids provide a particularly good constraint on the distance to the Galactic center, R_0_. We model the disk with both an axisymmetric rotation curve and one with a weak elliptical component, and find evidence for an ellipticity of 0.043+/-0.016 near the Sun. Using these models, we derive R_0_=7.66+/-0.32kpc and v_circ_=237+/-12km/s. The distance to the Galactic center agrees well with recent determinations from the distribution of RR Lyrae variables and disfavors most models with large ellipticities at the solar orbit.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/150/13
- Title:
- Cepheid Radial Velocities (CRaV) project
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/150/13
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have examined high accuracy radial velocities of Cepheids to determine the binary frequency. The data are largely from the CORAVEL spectrophotometer and the Moscow version, with a typical uncertainty of {<=}1km/s, and a time span from 1 to 20years. A systemic velocity was obtained by removing the pulsation component using a high order Fourier series. From this data we have developed a list of stars showing no orbital velocity larger than +/-1km/s. The binary fraction was analyzed as a function of magnitude, and yields an apparent decrease in this fraction for fainter stars. We interpret this as incompleteness at fainter magnitudes, and derive the preferred binary fraction of 29%+/-8% (20%+/-6% per decade of orbital period) from the brightest 40 stars. A comparison of this fraction in this period range (1-20years) implies a large fraction for the full period range. This is reasonable in that the high accuracy velocities are sensitive to the longer periods and smaller orbital velocity amplitudes in the period range sampled here. Thus the Cepheid velocity sample provides a sensitive detection in the period range between short period spectroscopic binaries and resolved companions. The recent identification of {delta} Cep as a binary with very low amplitude and high eccentricity underscores the fact that the binary fractions we derive are lower limits, to which other low amplitude systems will probably be added. The mass ratio (q) distribution derived from ultraviolet observations of the secondary is consistent with a flat distribution for the applicable period range (1-20years).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/566/L10
- Title:
- Cepheid radial velocity amplitude modulations
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/566/L10
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Classical Cepheids are crucial calibrators of the extragalactic distance scale. The Baade-Wesselink technique can be used to calibrate Cepheid distances using Cepheids in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds. To report the discovery of modulations in radial velocity (RV) curves of four Galactic classical Cepheids and to investigate their impact as a systematic uncertainty for Baade-Wesselink distances. Highly precise Doppler measurements were obtained using the Coralie high-resolution spectrograph since 2011. Particular care was taken to sample all phase points in order to very accurately trace the RV curve during multiple epochs and to search for differences in linear radius variations derived from observations obtained at different epochs. Different timescales are sampled, ranging from cycle-to-cycle to months and years. The unprecedented combination of excellent phase coverage obtained during multiple epochs and high precision enabled the discovery of significant modulation in the RV curves of the short-period s-Cepheids QZ Normae and V335 Puppis, as well as the long-period fundamental mode Cepheids l Carinae and RS Puppis. The modulations manifest as shape and amplitude variations that vary smoothly over timescales of years for short-period Cepheids, and from one pulsation cycle to the next in the long-period Cepheids. The order of magnitude of the effect ranges from several hundred m/s to a few km/s. The resulting difference among linear radius variations derived using data from different epochs can lead to systematic errors of up to 15% for Baade-Wesselink-type distances, if the employed angular and linear radius variations are not determined contemporaneously. The different nature of the Cepheids exhibiting modulation in their RV curves suggests that this phenomenon is common. The observational baseline is not yet sufficient to conclude whether these modulations are periodic. In order to ensure the accuracy of Baade-Wesselink distances, angular and linear radius variations should always be determined contemporaneously.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/434/2238
- Title:
- Cepheids in open clusters
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/434/2238
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Cepheids in open clusters (cluster Cepheids: CCs) are of great importance as zero-point calibrators of the Galactic Cepheid period-luminosity relationship (PLR). We perform an 8-dimensional all-sky census that aims to identify new bona-fide CCs and provide a ranking of membership confidence for known CC candidates according to membership probabilities. The probabilities are computed for combinations of known Galactic open clusters and classical Cepheid candidates, based on spatial, kinematic, and population-specific membership constraints. Data employed in this analysis are taken largely from published literature and supplemented by a year-round observing program on both hemispheres dedicated to determining systemic radial velocities of Cepheids. In total, we find 23 bona-fide CCs, 5 of which are candidates identified for the first time, including an overtone-Cepheid member in NGC 129. We discuss a subset of CC candidates in detail, some of which have been previously mentioned in the literature. Our results indicate unlikely membership for 7 Cepheids that have been previously discussed in terms of cluster membership. We furthermore revisit the Galactic PLR using our bona fide CC sample and obtain a result consistent with the recent calibration by Turner (2010). However, our calibration remains limited mainly by cluster uncertainties and the small number of long-period calibrators. In the near future, Gaia will enable our study to be carried out in much greater detail and accuracy, thanks to data homogeneity and greater levels of completeness.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/440/487
- Title:
- Cepheids in the young LMC cluster NGC 1866
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/440/487
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present new near-IR light curves for six Cepheids in the young blue LMC cluster NGC 1866 as well as high precision radial velocity curves for ten Cepheids in NGC 1866 and two in NGC 2031. For the six Cepheids in NGC 1866 with new J and K light curves we determine distances and absolute magnitudes by applying the near-IR surface brightness method. We find that the formal error estimates on the derived distances are underestimated by about a factor of two. We find excellent agreement between the absolute magnitudes for the low metallicity LMC Cepheids with the Period-Luminosity (P-L) relation determined by the near-IR surface brightness (ISB) method for Galactic Cepheids suggesting that the slope of the P-L relations for low metallicity and solar metallicity samples could be very similar in contrast to other recent findings. Still there appears to be significant disagreement between the observed slopes of the OGLE based apparent P-L relations in the LMC and the slopes derived from ISB analysis of Galactic Cepheids, and by inference for Magellanic Cloud Cepheids, indicating a possible intrinsic problem with the ISB method itself. Resolving this problem could reaffirm the P-L relation as the prime distance indicator applicable as well to metallicities significantly different from the LMC value.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/443/2815
- Title:
- Cerro Armazones spectroscopy of F dwarfs
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/443/2815
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a spectroscopic survey of a sample of F stars that have not yet been searched for planets. The observations of 187 stars obtained with the Bochum Echelle Spectrographic Observer of the Cerro Armazones Observatory were aimed at nearby (closer than 70pc) main-sequence stars without sufficient archive ([fiber-fed extended range optical spectrograph (FEROS)/high accuracy radial velocity planet search (HARPS)]) spectroscopy. The primary goal of the survey was to select the best candidates for radial-velocity searches of extrasolar planets. The spectra were analysed using the broadening-function technique, the method of choice for rapid rotators later than about A5. The analysis was focused not only at the determination of projected rotational velocity (defining precision of radial-velocity determination), but also at the detection of previously unknown spectroscopic binaries/multiples or stars showing strong line asymmetries. 12 previously unknown spectroscopic binaries/triples were detected. For all observed targets the spectral type was determined. About 140 stars are rotating faster than the resolution limit of 10km/s sampling the onset of convection and slow rotation at mid-F spectral types in great detail. Radial-velocity precision of the data (about 100m/s) is insufficient to detect planets but could indicate most SB1 systems with stellar companions. As there are already 2-3 observations per object for these newly detected binary stars, only a few additional follow-up observations will be needed to obtain constraints on orbital parameters. We identified a sample of 68 bright F-type dwarf stars which are perfect targets for future planet searches. They rotate moderately or slowly and do not show any sign of binarity, pulsations, or surface activity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/618/A122
- Title:
- Cetus dSph stellar chemo-kinematics
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/618/A122
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Cetus is an isolated, dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy at a distance of 755kpc. In order to quantify its stellar chemo-kinematical properties, we observed individual red giants branch stars in Cetus with the Very Large Telescope (VLT) FORS2 instrument, in Mask eXchange Unit (MXU) configuration. The kinematic analysis shows that Cetus is a mainly pressure-supported ({sigma}_v_=11.0^+1.6^_-1.3_km/s), dark-matter-dominated system (M_1/2_/L_V_=23.9^+9.7^_-8.9_M_{sun}_/L_{sun}_) with no significant signs of internal rotation. We find Cetus to be a metal-poor system with a significant metallicity spread (median [Fe/H]=-1.71dex, median-absolute-deviation =0.49dex), as expected for its stellar mass. We report the presence of a mild metallicity gradient compatible with those found in other dSphs of the same luminosity; we trace the presence of a stellar population gradient also in the spatial distribution of stars in different evolutionary phases in ancillary photometric data. There are tentative indications of two chemo-kinematically distinct sub-populations, with the more metal-poor stars showing a hotter kinematics than the metal-richer ones. Our results add Cetus to the growing scatter in stellar-dark matter halo properties in low-mass galactic systems. The presence of a metallicity gradient akin to those found in similar systems inhabiting different environments may hint at metallicity gradients in Local Group early-type dwarfs being driven by internal mechanisms.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/119/1268
- Title:
- CFHT adaptive optics observations of M15
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/119/1268
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have used an Imaging Fabry-Perot Spectrophotometer with the Adaptive Optics Bonnette on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope to measure stellar radial velocities in the globular cluster M15 (NGC 7078). An average seeing of 0.15'' FWHM, with the best-seeing image having 0.09'', allowed us to measure accurately the velocities for five stars within 1'' of the center of M15. Our estimate of the second moment of the velocity distribution (i.e., the dispersion, ignoring rotation) inside a radius of 2'' is 11.5 km.s^-1^, the same value we find out to a radius of about 6''. However, the projected net rotation does increase dramatically at small radii, as our previous observations led us to suspect. The rotation amplitude inside a radius of 3.4'' is v=10.4+/-2.7 km.s^-1^ and the dispersion after removing the rotation is {sigma}=10.3+/-1.4 km.s^-1^, so v/{sigma} {~} 1 in this region. In addition, the position angle of the projected rotation axis differs by 100 degrees from that of the net cluster rotation at larger radii.
