- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/453/1223
- Title:
- BCG high radio-frequency properties
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/453/1223
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We consider the high radio-frequency (15-353GHz) properties and variability of 35 brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). These are the most core-dominated sources drawn from a parent sample of more than 700 X-ray selected clusters, thus allowing us to relate our results to the general population. We find that >=6.0 percent of our parent sample (>=15.1 percent if only cool-core clusters are considered) contain a radio source at 150GHz of at least 3mJy (~1x10^23^W/Hz at our median redshift of z~0.13). Furthermore, >=3.4 percent of the BCGs in our parent sample contain a peaked component (Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum, GPS) in their spectra that peaks above 2GHz, increasing to >=8.5 percent if only cool-core clusters are considered. We see little evidence for strong variability at 15GHz on short (week-month) time-scales although we see variations greater than 20 percent at 150GHz over six-month time frames for 4 of the 23 sources with multi-epoch observations. Much more prevalent is long-term (year-decade time-scale) variability, with average annual amplitude variations greater than 1 percent at 15GHz being commonplace. There is a weak trend towards higher variability as the peak of the GPS-like component occurs at higher frequency. We demonstrate the complexity that is seen in the radio spectra of BCGs and discuss the potentially significant implications of these high-peaking components for Sunyaev-Zel'dovich cluster searches.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/148/75
- Title:
- Bent-tailed radio galaxies Chandra Deep Field South
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/148/75
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using the 1.4GHz Australia Telescope Large Area Survey, supplemented by the 1.4GHz Very Large Array images, we undertook a search for bent-tailed (BT) radio galaxies in the Chandra Deep Field South. Here we present a catalog of 56 detections, which include 45 BT sources, 4 diffuse low-surface-brightness objects (1 relic, 2 halos, and 1 unclassified object), and a further 7 complex, multi-component sources. We report BT sources with rest-frame powers in the range 10^22^<=P_1.4 GHz_<=10^26^W/Hz, with redshifts up to 2 and linear extents from tens of kiloparsecs up to about 1Mpc. This is the first systematic study of such sources down to such low powers and high redshifts and demonstrates the complementary nature of searches in deep, limited area surveys as compared to shallower, large surveys. Of the sources presented here, one is the most distant BT source yet detected at a redshift of 2.1688. Two of the sources are found to be associated with known clusters: a wide-angle tail source in A3141 and a putative radio relic which appears at the infall region between the galaxy group MZ 00108 and the galaxy cluster AMPCC 40. Further observations are required to confirm the relic detection, which, if successful, would demonstrate this to be the least powerful relic yet seen with P_1.4GHz_=9x10^22^W/Hz. Using these data, we predict future 1.4GHz all-sky surveys with a resolution of ~10 arcsec and a sensitivity of 10{mu}Jy will detect of the order of 560,000 extended low-surface-brightness radio sources of which 440,000 will have a BT morphology.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/457/4160
- Title:
- BETA pilot multi-epoch continuum survey
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/457/4160
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Boolardy Engineering Test Array is a 6x12m dish interferometer and the prototype of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), equipped with the first generation of ASKAP's phased array feed (PAF) receivers. These facilitate rapid wide-area imaging via the deployment of simultaneous multiple beams within an ~30deg^2^ field of view. By cycling the array through 12 interleaved pointing positions and using nine digitally formed beams, we effectively mimic a traditional 1hx108 pointing survey, covering ~150deg^2^ over 711-1015MHz in 12h of observing time. Three such observations were executed over the course of a week. We verify the full bandwidth continuum imaging performance and stability of the system via self-consistency checks and comparisons to existing radio data. The combined three epoch image has arcminute resolution and a 1{sigma} thermal noise level of 375{mu}Jy/beam, although the effective noise is a factor of ~3 higher due to residual sidelobe confusion. From this we derive a catalogue of 3722 discrete radio components, using the 35 per cent fractional bandwidth to measure in-band spectral indices for 1037 of them. A search for transient events reveals one significantly variable source within the survey area. The survey covers approximately two-thirds of the Spitzer South Pole Telescope Deep Field. This pilot project demonstrates the viability and potential of using PAFs to rapidly and accurately survey the sky at radio wavelengths.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/900/L34
- Title:
- BL Lac objects and radio galaxies comparison
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/900/L34
- Date:
- 15 Feb 2022 00:20:41
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The most elusive and extreme subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), known as BL Lac objects, shows features that can only be explained as the result of relativistic effects occurring in jets pointing at a small angle with respect to the line of sight. A longstanding issue is the identification of the BL Lac parent population with jets oriented at larger angles. According to the "unification scenario" of AGNs, radio galaxies with low luminosity and an edge-darkened radio morphology are the most promising candidate parent population of BL Lacs. Here we compare the large-scale environment, an orientation-independent property, of well-defined samples of BL Lacs with samples of radio galaxies all lying in the local universe. Our study reveals that BL Lacs and radio galaxies live in significantly different environments, challenging predictions of the unification scenario. We propose a solution to this problem proving that large-scale environments of BL Lacs are statistically consistent with those of compact radio sources, known as FR 0s, and share similar properties. This implies that highly relativistic jets are ubiquitous and are the natural outcome of the accretion of gas into the deep gravitational potential well produced by supermassive black holes.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/600/A65
- Title:
- B2 0924+30 LOFAR HBA and WSRT maps
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/600/A65
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using LOFAR (LOw Frequency ARray), Westerbork telescope and survey data, we map the spectral index and age of the remnant radio galaxy by using different ageing models.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/620/A74
- Title:
- Bootes field deep LOFAR 150MHz imaging
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/620/A74
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have conducted a deep survey (with a central rms of 55uJy) with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) at 120-168MHz of the Bootes field, with an angular resolution of 3.98"x6.45", and obtained a sample of 10091 radio sources (5{sigma} limit) over an area of 20deg^2^. The astrometry and flux scale accuracy of our source catalog is investigated. The resolution bias, incompleteness and other systematic effects that could affect our source counts are discussed and accounted for. The derived 150MHz source counts present a flattening below sub-mJy flux densities, that is in agreement with previous results from high- and low- frequency surveys. This flattening has been argued to be due to an increasing contribution of star-forming galaxies and faint active galactic nuclei. Additionally, we use our observations to evaluate the contribution of cosmic variance to the scatter in source counts measurements. The latter is achieved by dividing our Bootes mosaic into 10 non-overlapping circular sectors, each one with an approximate area of 2deg^2^. The counts in each sector are computed in the same way as done for the entire mosaic. By comparing the induced scatter with that of counts obtained from depth observations scaled to 150MHz, we find that the 1{sigma} scatter due to cosmic variance is larger than the Poissonian errors of the source counts, and it may explain the dispersion from previously reported depth source counts at flux densities S<1mJy. This work demonstrates the feasibility of achieving deep radio imaging at low-frequencies with LOFAR.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/460/2385
- Title:
- Bootes field LOFAR 150-MHz observations
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/460/2385
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first wide area (19 deg^2^), deep (~=120-150 {mu}Jy/beam), high-resolution (5.6x7.4-arcsec) LOFAR High Band Antenna image of the Bootes field made at 130-169MHz. This image is at least an order of magnitude deeper and 3-5 times higher in angular resolution than previously achieved for this field at low frequencies. The observations and data reduction, which includes full direction-dependent calibration, are described here. We present a radio source catalogue containing 6276 sources detected over an area of 19deg^2^, with a peak flux density threshold of 5{sigma}. As the first thorough test of the facet calibration strategy, introduced by van Weeren et al. (2016ApJS..223....2V), we investigate the flux and positional accuracy of the catalogue. We present differential source counts that reach an order of magnitude deeper in flux density than previously achieved at these low frequencies, and show flattening at 150-MHz flux densities below 10 mJy associated with the rise of the low flux density star-forming galaxies and radio-quiet AGN.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/622/A209
- Title:
- B2 0258+35 polarisation images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/622/A209
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The contribution of active galactic nuclei to the magnetisation of the Universe can be constrained by knowing their duty cycles, jet and magnetic field morphologies, and the physical processes dominating their interaction with the surrounding environment. The magnetic field morphology and strength of radio lobes of AGN has an influence on the mechanisms for the propagation of cosmic rays into intergalactic space. Using the source B2 0258+35 we want to investigate the interaction of its radio lobes with the surrounding environment and examine the underlying physical effects. Published HI and radio continuum data at {lambda}21cm were combined with newly reduced archival Westerbork Radio Synthesis Telescope polarisation data at the same wavelength to investigate the polarised emission in the radio lobes of B2 0258+35. We assumed energy equipartition between the cosmic rays and the magnetic field to calculate their pressure and investigate the physical processes leading to the detected emission. We detected a unique S-shaped diffuse polarised structure. The lobes have a pressure of p=1.95+/-0.4x10^-14^dyn/cm^2^. The calculated total magnetic field strengths are low (B_eq_=1.21+/-0.12uG). We observe depolarisation in the northern lobe, which might originate from the HI-disc in the foreground. In addition we see an anti-correlation between the pressure and the fractional polarisation along the S-shaped structure. Therefore we consider magnetic draping and magnetic field compression as possible effects that might have created the observed S-shape. Our results suggest that magnetic draping can be effectively used to explain the observed polarised structures. This is likely due to the combination of a relatively low magnetic field strength, enabling super-Alfvenic motion of the rising lobes (with M_A_=2.47-3.50), and the coherency of the surrounding magnetic field. Moreover, the draped layer tends to suppress any mixing of the material between the radio lobes and the surrounding environment, but can enhance the mixing and re-acceleration efficiencies inside the lobes, providing an explanation for the average flat spectral index observed in the lobes.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/544/A34
- Title:
- Bright AGN VLBI imaging study at 2 and 8GHz
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/544/A34
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We investigate statistical and individual astrophysical properties of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), such as parsec-scale flux density, core dominance, angular and linear sizes, maximum observed brightness temperatures of VLBI core components, spectral index distributions for core and jet components, and evolution of brightness temperature along the jets. Furthermore, we statistically compare core flux densities and brightness temperature as well as jet spectral indices of {gamma}-ray bright and weak sources. We used 19 very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observing sessions carried out simultaneously at 2.3GHz and 8.6GHz with the participation of 10 Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) stations and up to 10 additional geodetic telescopes. The observations span the period 1998-2003. We present here single-epoch results from high-resolution radio observations of 370 AGNs. Our VLBI images at 2.3GHz and 8.6GHz as well as Gaussian models are presented and analyzed. At least one-fourth of the cores are completely unresolved on the longest baselines of the global VLBI observations. The VLBI core components are partially opaque with the median value of spectral index of alpha_core_~0.3, while the jet features are usually optically thin alpha_jet_~-0.7. The spectral index typically decreases along the jet ridge line owing to the spectral aging, with a median value of -0.05mas^-1^. Brightness temperatures are found to be affected by Doppler boosting and reach up to ~10^13^K with a median of ~2.5x10^11^K at both frequencies. The brightness temperature gradients along the jets typically follow a power law T_b_~r^-2.2^ at both frequencies. We find that 147 sources (40%) positionally associated with gamma-ray detections from the Fermi LAT Second Source Catalog have higher core flux densities and brightness temperatures, and are characterized by the less steep radio spectrum of the optically thin jet emission.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/124/1954
- Title:
- 1000 brightest HIPASS galaxies catalog
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/124/1954
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The HI Parkes All-Sky Survey (HIPASS) is a blind 21cm survey for extragalactic neutral hydrogen, covering the whole southern sky. The HIPASS Bright Galaxy Catalog (BGC) is a subset of HIPASS and contains the 1000 HI brightest (peak flux density) galaxies. Here we present the 138 HIPASS BGC galaxies that had no redshift measured prior to the Parkes multibeam HI surveys. Of the 138 galaxies, 87 are newly catalogued. Newly catalogued is defined as having no optical (or infrared) counterpart in the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Using the Digitized Sky Survey, we identify optical counterparts for almost half of the newly catalogued galaxies, which are typically of irregular or Magellanic morphological type. Several HI sources appear to be associated with compact groups or pairs of galaxies rather than an individual galaxy. The majority (57) of the newly catalogued galaxies lie within 10{deg} of the Galactic plane and are missing from optical surveys as a result of confusion with stars or dust extinction. This sample also includes newly catalogued galaxies first discovered by Henning et al. in the HI shallow survey of the zone of avoidance. The other 30 newly catalogued galaxies escaped detection because of their low surface brightness or optical compactness. Only one of these, HIPASS J0546-68, has no obvious optical counterpart, as it is obscured by the Large Magellanic Cloud. We find that the newly catalogued galaxies with |b|>10{deg} are generally lower in HI mass and narrower in velocity width compared with the total HIPASS BGC. In contrast, newly catalogued galaxies behind the Milky Way are found to be statistically similar to the entire HIPASS BGC. In addition to these galaxies, the HIPASS BGC contains four previously unknown HI clouds. Description:
