- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/806/52
- Title:
- 8 Fermi GRB afterglows follow-up
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/806/52
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has greatly expanded the number and energy window of observations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). However, the coarse localizations of tens to a hundred square degrees provided by the Fermi GRB Monitor instrument have posed a formidable obstacle to locating the bursts' host galaxies, measuring their redshifts, and tracking their panchromatic afterglows. We have built a target-of-opportunity (TOO) mode for the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) in order to perform targeted searches for Fermi afterglows. Here, we present the results of one year of this program: 8 afterglow discoveries out of 35 searches. Two of the bursts with detected afterglows (GRBs 130702A and 140606B) were at low redshift (z=0.145 and 0.384, respectively) and had spectroscopically confirmed broad-line Type Ic supernovae. We present our broadband follow-up including spectroscopy as well as X-ray, UV, optical, millimeter, and radio observations. We study possible selection effects in the context of the total Fermi and Swift GRB samples. We identify one new outlier on the Amati relation. We find that two bursts are consistent with a mildly relativistic shock breaking out from the progenitor star rather than the ultra-relativistic internal shock mechanism that powers standard cosmological bursts. Finally, in the context of the Zwicky Transient Facility, we discuss how we will continue to expand this effort to find optical counterparts of binary neutron star mergers that may soon be detected by Advanced LIGO and Virgo.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/757/25
- Title:
- Fermi/LAT AGN at 5GHz
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/757/25
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The parsec-scale radio properties of 232 active galactic nuclei, most of which are blazars, detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope have been observed contemporaneously by the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 5GHz. Data from both the first 11 months (1FGL) and the first 2 years (2FGL) of the Fermi mission were used to investigate these sources' {gamma}-ray properties. We use the ratio of the {gamma}-ray-to-radio luminosity as a measure of {gamma}-ray loudness. We investigate the relationship of several radio properties to {gamma}-ray loudness and to the synchrotron peak frequency. There is a tentative correlation between {gamma}-ray loudness and synchrotron peak frequency for BL Lac objects in both 1FGL and 2FGL, and for flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) in 2FGL. We find that the apparent opening angle tentatively correlates with {gamma}-ray loudness for FSRQs, but only when we use the 2FGL data. We also find that the total VLBA flux density correlates with the synchrotron peak frequency for BL Lac objects and FSRQs. The core brightness temperature also correlates with synchrotron peak frequency, but only for the BL Lac objects. The low-synchrotron-peaked (LSP) BL Lac object sample shows indications of contamination by FSRQs which happen to have undetectable emission lines. There is evidence that the LSP BL Lac objects are more strongly beamed than the rest of the BL Lac object population.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/451/4193
- Title:
- Fermi/non-Fermi blazars jet power and accretion
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/451/4193
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We study the relationship between jet power and accretion for Fermi and non-Fermi blazars. We also compare the relevant parameter. Our main results are: (i) Fermi and non-Fermi blazars have significant differences in red shift, black hole mass and broad line luminosity. (ii) Fermi blazars have a higher average core-dominance parameter than non-Fermi blazars, which suggests that Fermi blazars have a strong beaming effect. (iii) We find a significant correlation between broad line emission and jet power for Fermi and non-Fermi blazars, which suggests a direct tight connection between jet and accretion. (iv) The accretion and black hole mass may have a different contribution to jet power for Fermi and non-Fermi blazars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/432/1294
- Title:
- Fermi unassociated sources ATCA observations
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/432/1294
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report results of the first phase of observations with Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) at 5 and 9GHz of the fields around 411 {gamma}-ray sources with declinations less than +10{deg} detected with Fermi but marked as unassociated in the 2FGL catalogue. We have detected 424 sources with flux densities in a range of 2mJy to 6Jy in the fields of 283 {gamma}-ray sources within their position error ellipses drawn to cover the area of 99 per cent probability of their localisation. Of them, 146 objects were detected in both bands. We found 84 sources with spectral index flatter than -0.5 in our sample. The majority of detected sources are weaker than 100 mJy and for this reason were not found in previous surveys. Approximately 1/3 of our sample, 128 objects, have the probability of being associated by more than 10 times than the probability of being a background source found in the vicinity of a {gamma}-ray object by chance. We present the catalogue of positions of these sources, estimates of their flux densities and spectral indices when available.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/626/A60
- Title:
- F-GAMMA 2.64-43GHz radio data over 2007-2015
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/626/A60
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The advent of the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope with its superb sensitivity, energy range, and unprecedented capability to monitor the entire 4{pi} sky within less than 2-3 h, introduced a new standard in time domain gamma-ray astronomy. Among several breakthroughs, Fermi has - for the first time - made it possible to investigate, with high cadence, the variability of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED), especially for active galactic nuclei (AGN). This is necessary for understanding the emission and variability mechanisms in such systems. To explore this new avenue of extragalactic physics the Fermi-GST AGN Multi-frequency Monitoring Alliance (F-GAMMA) programme undertook the task of conducting nearly monthly, broadband radio monitoring of selected blazars, which is the dominant population of the extragalactic gamma-ray sky, from January 2007 to January 2015. In this work we release all the multi-frequency light curves from 2.64 to 43 GHz and first order derivative data products after all necessary post-measurement corrections and quality checks. Along with the demanding task to provide the radio part of the broadband SED in monthly intervals, the F-GAMMA programme was also driven by a series of well-defined fundamental questions immediately relevant to blazar physics. On the basis of the monthly sampled radio SEDs, the F-GAMMA aimed at quantifying and understanding the possible multiband correlation and multi-frequency radio variability, spectral evolution and the associated emission, absorption and variability mechanisms. The location of the gamma-ray production site and the correspondence of structural evolution to radio variability have been among the fundamental aims of the programme. Finally, the programme sought to explore the characteristics and dynamics of the multi-frequency radio linear and circular polarisation. The F-GAMMA ran two main and tightly coordinated observing programmes. The Effelsberg 100 m telescope programme monitoring 2.64, 4.85, 8.35, 10.45, 14.6, 23.05, 32, and 43 GHz, and the IRAM 30 m telescope programme observing at 86.2, 142.3, and 228.9 GHz. The nominal cadence was one month for a total of roughly 60 blazars and targets of opportunity. In a less regular manner the F-GAMMA programme also ran an occasional monitoring with the APEX 12 m telescope at 345 GHz. We only present the Effelsberg dataset in this paper. The higher frequencies data are released elsewhere. The current release includes 155 sources that have been observed at least once by the F-GAMMA programme. That is, the initial sample, the revised sample after the first Fermi release, targets of opportunity, and sources observed in collaboration with a monitoring programme following up on Planck satellite observations. For all these sources we release all the quality-checked Effelsberg multi-frequency light curves. The suite of post-measurement corrections and flagging and a thorough system diagnostic study and error analysis is discussed as an assessment of the data reliability. We also release data products such as flux density moments and spectral indices. The effective cadence after the quality flagging is around one radio SED every 1.3 months. The coherence of each radio SED is around 40 min. The released dataset includes more than 3x104 measurements for some 155 sources over a broad range of frequencies from 2.64 GHz to 43 GHz obtained between 2007 and 2015. The median fractional error at the lowest frequencies (2.64-10.45 GHz) is below 2%. At the highest frequencies (14.6-43 GHz) with limiting factor of the atmospheric conditions, the errors range from 3% to 9%, respectively.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/131/197
- Title:
- F, G and K stars BVRI photometry
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/131/197
- Date:
- 15 Dec 2021 08:12:40
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present accurate BV(RI)c photometry for a sample of F, G and K stars detected in selected areas of the ROSAT all-sky survey (RASS). We have used the photometry, in addition to low-resolution spectroscopy, to estimate spectral classifications, distances and X-ray luminosities. The log(L_X_/L_V_) in the sample lies below -2. Although the sample contains also nearby, inactive stars, it is dominated by active objects. The median X-ray luminosity in our sample is <L_X_>=29.88 and the mean value of the hardness ratios <HR1>=0.13+/-0.35. We compare the derived X-ray luminosity function with similar functions obtained from the serendipitous samples of the Einstein Observatory medium sensitivity survey (EMSS, Cat. <IX/15>) and EXOSAT (Cat. <J/A+AS/115/41>). Our sample is completely consistent with the EMSS sample of solar type stars, indicating that both our sources and the EMSS sources are representative of the high galactic latitude X-ray stellar population. We do not find extremely active stars (log(L_X_)>=32), as are found in the EMSS sample, and we argue that these objects are rare.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/248/23
- Title:
- 4FGL sources with IR/Rad associations
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/248/23
- Date:
- 09 Nov 2021 09:30:22
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Associating {gamma}-ray sources to their low-energy counterparts is one of the major challenges of modern {gamma}-ray astronomy. In the context of the Fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope Source Catalog (4FGL), the associations rely mainly on parameters such as apparent magnitude, integrated flux, and angular separation between the {gamma}-ray source and its low-energy candidate counterpart. In this work, we propose a new use of the likelihood ratio (LR) and a complementary supervised learning technique to associate {gamma}-ray blazars in 4FGL, based only on spectral parameters such as the {gamma}-ray photon index, mid-infrared colors, and radio-loudness. In the LR approach, we crossmatch the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Blazar-Like Radio-Loud Sources catalog with 4FGL and compare the resulting candidate counterparts with the sources listed in the {gamma}-ray blazar locus to compute an association probability (AP) for 1138 counterparts. In the supervised learning approach, we train a random forest algorithm with 869 high-confidence blazar associations and 711 fake associations and then compute an AP for 1311 candidate counterparts. A list with all 4FGL blazar candidates of uncertain type associated by our method is provided to guide future optical spectroscopic follow-up observations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/133/1236
- Title:
- Fifth VLBA calibrator survey: VCS5
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/133/1236
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This paper presents the fifth part of the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) Calibrator Survey (VCS), containing 569 sources not observed previously with very long baseline interferometry in geodetic or absolute astrometry programs. This campaign has two goals: (1) to observe additional sources that, together with previous survey results, form a complete sample, and (2) to find new strong sources suitable as phase calibrators. This VCS extension was based on three 24-hr VLBA observing sessions in 2005. It detected almost all extragalactic flat-spectrum sources with correlated flux density greater than 200mJy at 8.6GHz above declination -30{deg} that were not observed previously. Source positions with milliarcsecond accuracy were derived from astrometric analysis of ionosphere-free combinations of group delays determined from the 2.3 and 8.6GHz frequency bands. The VCS5 catalog of source positions, plots of correlated flux density versus projected baseline length, contour plots, and FITS files of naturally weighted CLEAN images, as well as calibrated visibility function files, are available on the World Wide Web at http://vlbi.gsfc.nasa.gov/vcs5
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/138/1032
- Title:
- Filling in the gaps in the 4.85GHz sky
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/138/1032
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We describe a 4.85GHz survey of bright, flat-spectrum radio sources conducted with the Effelsberg 100m telescope in an attempt to improve the completeness of existing surveys, such as CRATES. We report the results of these observations and of follow-up 8.4GHz observations with the VLA of a subset of the sample. We comment on the connection to the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe point source catalog and on the survey's effectiveness at supplementing the CRATES sky coverage.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/462/2904
- Title:
- Final GMRT-TAU catalogue
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/462/2904
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present observations of three active sites of star formation in the Taurus molecular cloud complex taken at 323 and 608MHz (90 and 50cm, respectively) with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). Three pointings were observed as part of a pathfinder project, targeted at the young stellar objects (YSOs) L1551 IRS 5, T Tau and DG Tau (the results for these target sources were presented in a previous paper). In this paper, we search for other YSOs and present a survey comprising of all three fields; a by-product of the large instantaneous field of view of the GMRT. The resolution of the survey is of order 10 arcsec and the best rms noise at the centre of each pointing is of order 100{mu}Jy/beam at 323MHz and 50{mu}Jy/beam at 608MHz. We present a catalogue of 1815 and 687 field sources detected above 5{sigma}_rms_ at 323 and 608MHz, respectively. A total of 440 sources were detected at both frequencies, corresponding to a total unique source count of 2062 sources. We compare the results with previous surveys and showcase a sample of extended extragalactic objects. Although no further YSOs were detected in addition to the target YSOs based on our source-finding criteria, these data can be useful for targeted manual searches, studies of radio galaxies or to assist in the calibration of future observations with the Low-Frequency Array towards these regions.
