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571. Gamma Vel cluster membership and IMF
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/589/A70
Title:
Gamma Vel cluster membership and IMF
Short Name:
J/A+A/589/A70
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Understanding the properties of young open clusters, such as the Initial Mass Function (IMF), star formation history and dynamic evolution, is crucial to obtain reliable theoretical predictions of the mechanisms involved in the star formation process. We want to obtain a list, as complete as possible, of confirmed members of the young open cluster Gamma Velorum, with the aim of deriving general cluster properties such as the IMF. We used all available spectroscopic membership indicators within the Gaia-ESO public archive together with literature photometry and X-ray data and, for each method, we derived the most complete list of candidate cluster members. Then, we considered photometry, gravity and radial velocities as necessary conditions to select a subsample of candidates whose membership was confirmed by using the lithium and H{alpha} lines and X-rays as youth indicators. We found 242 confirmed and 4 possible cluster members for which we derived masses using very recent stellar evolutionary models. The cluster IMF in the mass range investigated in this study shows a slope of {alpha}=2.6+/-0.5 for 0.5<M/M_{sun}<1.3 and {alpha}=1.1+/-0.4 for 0.16<M/M_{sun}_<0.5 and is consistent with a standard IMF. The similarity of the IMF of the young population around gamma^2^ Vel to that in other star forming regions and the field suggests it may have formed through very similar processes.
572. Gas and dust in star-forming region rho OphA
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/608/A133
Title:
Gas and dust in star-forming region rho OphA
Short Name:
J/A+A/608/A133
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We investigate to what degree local physical and chemical conditions are related to the evolutionary status of various objects in star-forming media. rho Oph A displays the entire sequence of low-mass star formation in a small volume of space. Using spectrophotometric line maps of H_2_, H_2_O, NH_3_, N_2_H^+^, O_2_, OI, CO, and CS, we examine the distribution of the atomic and molecular gas in this dense molecular core. The physical parameters of these species are derived, as are their relative abundances in rho Oph A. Using radiative transfer models, we examine the infall status of the cold dense cores from their resolved line profiles of the ground state lines of H_2_O and NH_3_, where for the latter no contamination from the VLA 1623 outflow is observed and line overlap of the hyperfine components is explicitly taken into account. The stratified structure of this photon dominated region (PDR), seen edge-on, is clearly displayed. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and OI are seen throughout the region around the exciting star S1. At the interface to the molecular core 0.05pc away, atomic hydrogen is rapidly converted into H_2_, whereas OI protrudes further into the molecular core. This provides oxygen atoms for the gas-phase formation of O_2_ in the core SM1, where X(O_2_)~5x10^-8^. There, the ratio of the O_2_ to H_2_O abundance [X(H_2_O)~5x10^-9^] is significantly higher than unity. Away from the core, O_2_ experiences a dramatic decrease due to increasing H_2_O formation. Outside the molecular core, on the far side as seen from S1, the intense radiation from the 0.5pc distant early B-type star HD147889 destroys the molecules. Towards the dark core SM1, the observed abundance ratio X(O_2_)/X(H_2_O)>1, which suggests that this object is extremely young, which would explain why O_2_ is such an elusive molecule outside the solar system.
573. Gas and dust in the star-forming region rho OphA
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/578/A131
Title:
Gas and dust in the star-forming region rho OphA
Short Name:
J/A+A/578/A131
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Using mapping observations of the very dense rho Oph A core, we examined standard 1D and non-standard 3D methods to analyse data of far-infrared and submillimeter continuum radiation. The resulting dust surface density distribution can be compared to that of the gas. The latter was derived from the analysis of accompanying molecular line emission, observed with Herschel from space and with APEX from the ground. As a gas tracer we used N_2_H^+^, which is believed to be much less sensitive to freeze-out than CO and its isotopologues. Radiative transfer modelling of the N_2_H^+^(J=3-2) and (J=6-5) lines with their hyperfine structure explicitly taken into account provides solutions for the spatial distribution of the column density N(H2), hence the surface density distribution of the gas. The gas-to-dust mass ratio is varying across the map, with very low values in the central regions around the core SM1. The global average, =88, is not far from the canonical value of 100, however. In rho Oph A, the exponent beta of the power-law description for the dust opacity exhibits a clear dependence on time, with high values of 2 for the envelope-dominated emission in starless Class-1 sources to low values close to 0 for the disk-dominated emission in ClassIII objects. beta assumes intermediate values for evolutionary classes in between. Since beta is primarily controlled by grain size, grain growth mostly occurs in circumstellar disks. The spatial segregation of gas and dust, seen in projection toward the core centre, probably implies that, like C^18^O, also N_2_H^+^ is frozen onto the grains.
574. Gas and stellar metallicities in HII galaxies
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/421/398
Title:
Gas and stellar metallicities in HII galaxies
Short Name:
J/MNRAS/421/398
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We examine the gas and stellar metallicities in a sample of HII galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, which possibly contains the largest homogeneous sample of HII galaxy spectra to date. We eliminated all spectra with an insufficient signal-to-noise ratio, without strong emission lines and without the [OII] {lambda}3727{AA} line, which is necessary for the determination of the gas metallicity. This excludes galaxies with redshift ~<0.033. Our final sample contains ~700 spectra of HII galaxies.
575. Gas phase oxygen abundances for HII regions
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/887/80
Title:
Gas phase oxygen abundances for HII regions
Short Name:
J/ApJ/887/80
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The distribution of metals within a galaxy traces the baryon cycle and the buildup of galactic disks, but the detailed gas phase metallicity distribution remains poorly sampled. We have determined the gas phase oxygen abundances for 7138 HII regions across the disks of eight nearby galaxies using Very Large Telescope/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) optical integral field spectroscopy as part of the PHANGS-MUSE survey. After removing the first-order radial gradients present in each galaxy, we look at the statistics of the metallicity offset ({Delta}O/H) and explore azimuthal variations. Across each galaxy, we find low ({sigma}=0.03-0.05dex) scatter at any given radius, indicative of efficient mixing. We compare physical parameters for those HII regions that are 1{sigma} outliers toward both enhanced and reduced abundances. Regions with enhanced abundances have high ionization parameter, higher H{alpha} luminosity, lower H{alpha} velocity dispersion, younger star clusters, and associated molecular gas clouds showing higher molecular gas densities. This indicates recent star formation has locally enriched the material. Regions with reduced abundances show increased H{alpha} velocity dispersions, suggestive of mixing introducing more pristine material. We observe subtle azimuthal variations in half of the sample, but cannot always cleanly associate this with the spiral pattern. Regions with enhanced and reduced abundances are found distributed throughout the disk, and in half of our galaxies we can identify subsections of spiral arms with clearly associated metallicity gradients. This suggests spiral arms play a role in organizing and mixing the interstellar medium.
576. GC hot UV-bright stars model spectra
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/627/A34
Title:
GC hot UV-bright stars model spectra
Short Name:
J/A+A/627/A34
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We have performed a census of the UV-bright population in 78 globular clusters using wide-field UV telescopes. This population includes a variety of phases of post-horizontal branch (HB) evolution, including hot post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, and post-early AGB stars. There are indications that old stellar systems like globular clusters produce fewer post-(early) AGB stars than currently predicted by evolutionary models, but observations are still scarce. We wish to derive effective temperatures, surface gravities, and helium abundances of the luminous hot UV-bright stars in these clusters to determine their evolutionary status and compare the observed numbers to predictions from evolutionary theory. We obtained FORS2 spectroscopy of 11 of these UV-selected objects (covering a range of -2.3<[Fe/H]<-1.0), which we (re-)analysed together with previously observed data. We used model atmospheres of different metallicities, including super-solar ones. Where possible, we verified our atmospheric parameters using UV spectrophotometry and searched for metal lines in the optical spectra. We calculated evolutionary sequences for four metallicity regimes and used them together with information about the HB morphology of the globular clusters to estimate the expected numbers of post-AGB stars. We find that metal-rich model spectra are required to analyse stars hotter than 40000 K. Seven of the eleven new luminous UV-bright stars are post-AGB or post-early AGB stars, two are evolving away from the HB, one is a foreground white dwarf, and another is a white dwarf merger. Taking into account published information on other hot UV-bright stars in globular clusters, we find that the number of observed hot post-AGB stars generally agrees with the predicted values, although the numbers are still low. Spectroscopy is clearly required to identify the evolutionary status of hot UV-bright stars. For hotter stars, metal-rich model spectra are required to reproduce their optical and UV spectra, which may affect the flux contribution of hot post-AGB stars to the UV spectra of evolved populations. Adding published information on other hot UV-bright stars in globular clusters, we find that the number of observed hot post-AGB stars generally agrees with the predicted values, although the numbers are still low.
577. Gemini GNIRS NIR spectroscopy of 50 QSOs at z>~5.7
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/873/35
Title:
Gemini GNIRS NIR spectroscopy of 50 QSOs at z>~5.7
Short Name:
J/ApJ/873/35
Date:
19 Jan 2022 09:09:09
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We report initial results from a large Gemini program to observe z>~5.7 quasars with GNIRS near-IR spectroscopy. Our sample includes 50 quasars with simultaneous ~0.85-2.5{mu}m spectra covering the rest-frame ultraviolet and major broad emission lines from Ly{alpha} to MgII. We present spectral measurements for these quasars and compare with their lower redshift counterparts at z=1.5-2.3. We find that when quasar luminosity is matched, there are no significant differences between the rest-UV spectra of z>~5.7 quasars and the low-z comparison sample. High-z quasars have similar continuum and emission line properties and occupy the same region in the black hole mass and luminosity space as the comparison sample, accreting at an average Eddington ratio of ~0.3. There is no evidence for super-Eddington accretion or hypermassive (>10^10^M_{sun}_) black holes within our sample. We find a mild excess of quasars with weak CIV lines relative to the control sample. Our results, corroborating earlier studies but with better statistics, demonstrate that these high-z quasars are already mature systems of accreting supermassive black holes operating with the same physical mechanisms as those at lower redshifts.
578. Gemini/HST GCP: galaxies in 4 massive clusters
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/224
Title:
Gemini/HST GCP: galaxies in 4 massive clusters
Short Name:
J/AJ/156/224
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
In order to study stellar populations and galaxy structures at intermediate and high redshift (z=0.2-2.0) and link these properties to those of low-redshift galaxies, there is a need for well-defined local reference samples. Especially for galaxies in massive clusters, such samples are often limited to the Coma cluster galaxies. We present consistently calibrated velocity dispersions and absorption-line indices for galaxies in the central 2 R_500_x2 R_500_ of four massive clusters at z<0.1: Abell 426/Perseus, Abell 1656/Coma, Abell 2029, and Abell 2142. The measurements are based on data from the Gemini Observatory, McDonald Observatory, and Sloan Digital Sky Survey. For bulge-dominated galaxies, the samples are 95% complete in Perseus and Coma and 74% complete in A2029 and A2142, to a limit of M_B,abs_=<-18.5 mag. The data serve as the local reference for our studies of galaxy populations in the higher-redshift clusters that are part of the Gemini/HST Galaxy Cluster Project (GCP). We establish the scaling relations between line indices and velocity dispersions as a reference for the GCP. We derive stellar population parameters, ages, metallicities [M/H], and abundance ratios from line indices, both averaged in bins of velocity dispersion and from individual measurements for galaxies in Perseus and Coma. The zero points of relations between the stellar population parameters and the velocity dispersions limit the allowed cluster-to-cluster variation of the four clusters to +/-0.08 dex in age, +/-0.06 dex in [M/H], +/-0.07 dex in [CN/Fe], and +/-0.03 dex in [Mg/Fe].
579. Ghostly damped Ly{alpha} systems in SDSS DR14
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/901/123
Title:
Ghostly damped Ly{alpha} systems in SDSS DR14
Short Name:
J/ApJ/901/123
Date:
18 Feb 2022 09:18:37
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We report the discovery of 59 new ghostly absorbers from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 14. These absorbers, with z_abs_~z_QSO_, reveal no Ly{alpha} absorption, and they are mainly identified through the detection of strong metal absorption lines in the spectra. The number of such previously known systems is 30. The new systems are found with the aid of machine-learning algorithms. The spectra of 41 (out of total of 89) absorbers also cover the Ly{beta} spectral region. By fitting the damping wings of the Ly{beta} absorption in the stacked spectrum of 21 (out of 41) absorbers with relatively stronger Ly{beta} absorption, we measured an HI column density of log N(HI)=21.50. This column density is 0.5dex higher than that of the previous work. We also found that the metal absorption lines in the stacked spectrum of the 21 ghostly absorbers with stronger Ly{beta} absorption have similar properties as those in the stacked spectrum of the remaining systems. This circumstantial evidence strongly suggests that the majority of our ghostly absorbers are indeed DLAs.
580. Ghostly strong Lya absorbers in SDSS DR12
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/888/85
Title:
Ghostly strong Lya absorbers in SDSS DR12
Short Name:
J/ApJ/888/85
Date:
25 Oct 2021 10:15:53
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We have searched the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12 for ghostly strong Ly{alpha} (DLA) systems. These systems, located at the redshift of the quasars, show strong absorption from low-ionization atomic species but reveal no HI Ly{alpha} absorption. Our search has, for the first time, resulted in a sample of 30 homogeneously selected ghostly absorbers with z_QSO_>2.0. Thirteen of the ghostly absorbers exhibit absorption from other HI Lyman series lines. The lack of Ly{alpha} absorption in these absorbers is consistent with them being dense and compact with projected sizes smaller than the broad-line region of the background quasar. Although uncertain, the estimated median HI column density of these absorbers is logN(HI)~21.0. We compare the properties of ghostly absorbers with those of eclipsing DLAs that are high-column-density absorbers, located within 1500km/s of the quasar emission redshift and showing strong Ly{alpha} emission in their DLA trough. We discover an apparent sequence in the observed properties of these DLAs, with ghostly absorbers showing wider HI kinematics, stronger absorptions from high-ionization species, CII and SiII excited states, and a higher level of dust extinction. Since we estimate that all these absorbers have similar metallicities, logZ/Z_{sun}_~-1.0, we conclude that ghostly absorbers are part of the same population as eclipsing DLAs, except that they are denser and located closer to the central active galactic nuclei.