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51. Abundances of red clump & RGB stars with APOGEE
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/872/137
Title:
Abundances of red clump & RGB stars with APOGEE
Short Name:
J/ApJ/872/137
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Internal mixing on the giant branch is an important process which affects the evolution of stars and the chemical evolution of the galaxy. While several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this mixing, better empirical constraints are necessary. Here, we use [C/N] abundances in 26097 evolved stars from the SDSS-IV/APOGEE-2 DR14 to trace mixing and extra mixing in old field giants with -1.7<[Fe/H]<0.1. We show that the APOGEE [C/N] ratios before any dredge-up occurs are metallicity dependent, but that the change in [C/N] at the first dredge-up is metallicity independent for stars above [Fe/H]~-1. We identify the position of the red giant branch (RGB) bump as a function of metallicity, note that a metallicity-dependent extra mixing episode takes place for low-metallicity stars ([Fe/H]{<}-0.4) 0.14dex in logg above the bump, and confirm that this extra mixing is stronger at low metallicity, reaching {Delta}[C/N]=0.58dex at [Fe/H]=-1.4. We show evidence for further extra mixing on the upper giant branch, well above the bump, among the stars with [Fe/H]{<}-1.0. This upper giant branch mixing is stronger in the more metal-poor stars, reaching 0.38 dex in [C/N] for each 1.0dex in logg. The APOGEE [C/N] ratios for red clump (RC) stars are significantly higher than for stars at the tip of the RGB, suggesting additional mixing processes occur during the helium flash or that unknown abundance zero points for C and N may exist among the RC sample. Finally, because of extra mixing, we note that current empirical calibrations between [C/N] ratios and ages cannot be naively extrapolated for use in low-metallicity stars specifically for those above the bump in the luminosity function.
52. Abundances of red giants in {omega} Cen
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/681/1505
Title:
Abundances of red giants in {omega} Cen
Short Name:
J/ApJ/681/1505
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present radial velocities and Fe and Al abundances for 180 red giant branch (RGB) stars in the Galactic globular cluster Omega Centauri ({omega} Cen). The majority of our data lie in the range 11.0<V<13.5, which covers the RGB from about 1mag above the horizontal branch to the RGB tip. The selection procedures are biased toward preferentially observing the more metal-poor and luminous stars of {omega} Cen. Abundances were determined using equivalent width measurements and spectrum synthesis analyses of moderate resolution spectra (R~13000) obtained with the Blanco 4m telescope and Hydra multifiber spectrograph. Our results are in agreement with previous studies as we find at least four different metallicity populations with [Fe/H]=-1.75, -1.45, -1.05, and -0.75, with a full range of -2.20<~[Fe/H]<~-0.70. Results seem to fit in the adopted scheme that star formation occurred in {omega} Cen over >1Gyr.
53. Abundances of 4 red giants in Pal 1
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/740/106
Title:
Abundances of 4 red giants in Pal 1
Short Name:
J/ApJ/740/106
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Detailed chemical abundances for 21 elements are presented for four red giants in the anomalous outer halo globular cluster Palomar 1 (R_GC_=17.2kpc, Z=3.6kpc) using high-resolution (R=36000) spectra from the High Dispersion Spectrograph on the Subaru Telescope. Pal 1 has long been considered unusual because of its low surface brightness, sparse red giant branch, young age, and its possible association with two extragalactic streams of stars. This paper shows that its chemistry further confirms its unusual nature. The mean metallicity of the four stars, [Fe/H]=-0.60+/-0.01, is high for a globular cluster so far from the Galactic center, but is low for a typical open cluster. The [{alpha}/Fe] ratios, though in agreement with the Galactic stars within the 1{sigma} errors, agree best with the lower values in dwarf galaxies. No signs of the Na/O anticorrelation are detected in Pal 1, though Na appears to be marginally high in all four stars. Pal 1's neutron-capture elements are also unusual: its high [Ba/Y] ratio agrees best with dwarf galaxies, implying an excess of second-peak over first-peak s-process elements, while its [Eu/{alpha}] and [Ba/Eu] ratios show that Pal 1's contributions from the r-process must have differed in some way from normal Galactic stars. Therefore, Pal 1 is unusual chemically, as well in its other properties. Pal 1 shares some of its unusual abundance characteristics with the young clusters associated with the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy remnant and the intermediate-age LMC clusters, and could be chemically associated with the Canis Majoris overdensity; however, it does not seem to be similar to the Monoceros/Galactic Anticenter Stellar Stream.
54. Abundances of 11 stars in Carina II and III
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/889/27
Title:
Abundances of 11 stars in Carina II and III
Short Name:
J/ApJ/889/27
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present the first detailed elemental abundances in the ultra-faint Magellanic satellite galaxies Carina II (Car II) and Carina III (CarIII). With high-resolution Magellan/MIKE spectroscopy, we determined the abundances of nine stars in Car II, including the first abundances of an RR Lyrae star in an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy (UFD), and two stars in Car III. The chemical abundances demonstrate that both systems are clearly galaxies and not globular clusters. The stars in these galaxies mostly display abundance trends matching those of other similarly faint dwarf galaxies: enhanced but declining [{alpha}/Fe] ratios, iron-peak elements matching the stellar halo, and unusually low neutron-capture element abundances. One star displays a low outlying [Sc/Fe]=-1.0. We detect a large Ba scatter in Car II, likely due to inhomogeneous enrichment by low-mass asymptotic giant branch star winds. The most striking abundance trend is for [Mg/Ca] in Car II, which decreases from +0.4 to -0.4 and indicates clear variation in the initial progenitor masses of enriching core-collapse supernovae. So far, the only UFDs displaying a similar [Mg/Ca] trend are likely satellites of the Large Magellanic Cloud. We find two stars with [Fe/H]<=-3.5 whose abundances likely trace the first generation of metal-free Population III stars and are well fit by Population III core-collapse supernova yields. An appendix describes our new abundance uncertainty analysis that propagates line-by-line stellar parameter uncertainties.
55. Abundances of the Ret II brightest red giant members
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/830/93
Title:
Abundances of the Ret II brightest red giant members
Short Name:
J/ApJ/830/93
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present chemical abundances derived from high-resolution Magellan/Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectra of the nine brightest known red giant members of the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II (Ret II). These stars span the full metallicity range of Ret II (-3.5<[Fe/H]< -2). Seven of the nine stars have extremely high levels of r-process material ([Eu/Fe]~1.7), in contrast to the extremely low neutron-capture element abundances found in every other ultra-faint dwarf galaxy studied to date. The other two stars are the most metal-poor stars in the system ([Fe/H]< -3), and they have neutron-capture element abundance limits similar to those in other ultra-faint dwarf galaxies. We confirm that the relative abundances of Sr, Y, and Zr in these stars are similar to those found in r-process halo stars, but they are ~0.5dex lower than the solar r-process pattern. If the universal r-process pattern extends to those elements, the stars in Ret II display the least contaminated known r-process pattern. The abundances of lighter elements up to the iron peak are otherwise similar to abundances of stars in the halo and in other ultra-faint dwarf galaxies. However, the scatter in abundance ratios is large enough to suggest that inhomogeneous metal mixing is required to explain the chemical evolution of this galaxy. The presence of low amounts of neutron-capture elements in other ultra-faint dwarf galaxies may imply the existence of additional r-process sites besides the source of r-process elements in Ret II. Galaxies like Ret II may be the original birth sites of r-process enhanced stars now found in the halo.
56. Abundances of two very metal-poor stars
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/819/103
Title:
Abundances of two very metal-poor stars
Short Name:
J/ApJ/819/103
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
From high resolution (R~=45000), high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N>400) spectra gathered with the Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrograph (IGRINS) in the H and K photometric bands, we have derived elemental abundances of two bright, well-known metal-poor halo stars: the red giant HD 122563 and the subgiant HD 140283. Since these stars have metallicities approaching [Fe/H]=-3, their absorption features are generally very weak. Neutral-species lines of Mg, Si, S and Ca are detectable, as well as those of the light odd-Z elements Na and Al. The derived IR-based abundances agree with those obtained from optical-wavelength spectra. For Mg and Si the abundances from the infrared transitions are improvements to those derived from shorter wavelength data. Many useful OH and CO lines can be detected in the IGRINS HD 122563 spectrum, from which derived O and C abundances are consistent to those obtained from the traditional [OI] and CH features. IGRINS high resolutions H- and K-band spectroscopy offers promising ways to determine more reliable abundances for additional metal-poor stars whose optical features are either not detectable, or too weak, or are based on lines with analytical difficulties.
57. Abundances of very metal-poor stars in Sagittarius
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/855/83
Title:
Abundances of very metal-poor stars in Sagittarius
Short Name:
J/ApJ/855/83
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Sagittarius (Sgr) is a massive disrupted dwarf spheroidal galaxy in the Milky Way halo that has undergone several stripping events. Previous chemical studies were restricted mainly to a few, metal-rich ([Fe/H]>~-1) stars that suggested a top-light initial mass function (IMF). Here we present the first high-resolution, very metal-poor ([Fe/H]=-1 to -3) sample of 13 giant stars in the main body of Sgr. We derive abundances of 13 elements, namely C, Ca, Co, Fe, Sr, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Eu, Dy, Pb, and Th, that challenge the interpretation based on previous studies. Our abundances from Sgr mimic those of the metal-poor halo, and our most metal-poor star ([Fe/H]~-3) indicates a pure r-process pollution. Abundances of Sr, Pb, and Th are presented for the first time in Sgr, allowing for age determination using nuclear cosmochronology. We calculate ages of 9+/-2.5Gyr. Most of the sample stars have been enriched by a range of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars with masses between 1.3 and 5M_{sun}_. SgrJ190651.47-320147.23 shows a large overabundance of Pb (2.05dex) and a peculiar abundance pattern best fit by a 3M_{sun}_ AGB star. Based on star-to-star scatter and observed abundance patterns, a mixture of low- and high-mass AGB stars and supernovae (15-25M_{sun}_) is necessary to explain these patterns. The high level (0.29+/-0.05dex) of Ca indicates that massive supernovae must have existed and polluted the early ISM of Sgr before it lost its gas. This result is in contrast with a top-light IMF with no massive stars polluting Sgr.
58. Abundance study of LMC post-AGB stars
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/554/A106
Title:
Abundance study of LMC post-AGB stars
Short Name:
J/A+A/554/A106
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The photospheric abundances of evolved solar-type stars of different metallicities serve as probes into stellar evolution theory. Stellar photospheres of post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) stars bear witness to the internal chemical enrichment processes, integrated over their entire stellar evolution. Here we study post-AGB stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). With their known distances, these rare objects are ideal tracers of AGB nucleosynthesis and dredge-up phenomena.
59. Abund. of disk & bulge giants: Zr, La, Ce, Eu
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/631/A113
Title:
Abund. of disk & bulge giants: Zr, La, Ce, Eu
Short Name:
J/A+A/631/A113
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Observations of the Galactic bulge suggest that the disk formed through secular evolution rather than gas dissipation and/or mergers, as previously believed. This would imply very similar chemistry in the disk and bulge. Some elements, such as the {alpha}-elements, are well studied in the bulge, but others like the neutron-capture elements are much less well explored. Stellar mass and metallicity are factors that affect the neutron-capture process. Due to this, the enrichment of the ISM and the abundance of neutron-capture elements vary with time, making them suitable probes for Galactic chemical evolution. In this work, we make a differential comparison of neutron-capture element abundances determined in the local disk(s) and the bulge, focusing on minimising possible systematic effects in the analysis, with the aim of finding possible differences/similarities between the populations. Abundances are determined for Zr, La, Ce, and Eu in 45 bulge giants and 291 local disk giants, from high-resolution optical spectra. The abundances are determined by fitting synthetic spectra using the SME-code. The disk sample is separated into thin- and thick-disk components using a combination of abundances and kinematics. We find flat Zr, La, and Ce trends in the bulge, with a ~0.1dex higher La abundance compared with the disk, possibly indicating a higher s-process contribution for La in the bulge. [Eu/Fe] decreases with increasing [Fe/H], with a plateau at around [Fe/H]~-0.4, pointing at similar enrichment to {alpha}-elements in all populations. We find that the r-process dominated the neutron-capture production at early times both in the disks and bulge. Further, [La/Eu] ratios for the bulge are systematically higher than for the thick disk, pointing to either a) a different amount of SN II or b) a different contribution of the s-process in the two populations. Considering [(La+Ce)/Zr], the bulge and the thick disk follow each other closely, suggesting a similar ratio of high-to-low-mass asymptotic giant branch stars.
60. A case study of the HI content of HCG 16
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/632/A78
Title:
A case study of the HI content of HCG 16
Short Name:
J/A+A/632/A78
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Hickson Compact Group (HCG) 16 is a prototypical compact group of galaxies in an intermediate stage of the evolutionary sequence proposed by Verdes-Montenegro et al. (2001A&A...377..812V), where its galaxies are losing gas to the intra-group medium (IGrM). The group hosts galaxies that are HI-normal, HI-poor, centrally active with both AGN and starbursts, as well as a likely new member and a 160kpc long HI tidal feature. Despite being a well-studied group at all wavelengths, no previous study of HCG 16 has focused on its extraordinary HI component. The characteristics of HCG 16 make it an ideal case study for exploring which processes are likely to dominate the late stages of evolution in compact groups, and ultimately determine their end states. In order to build a coherent picture of the evolution of this group we make use of the multi-wavelength data available, but focus particularly on HI as a tracer of interactions and evolutionary phase. We reprocess archival VLA L-band observations of HCG 16 using the multi-scale CLEAN algorithm to accurately recover diffuse features. Tidal features and galaxies are separated in 3 dimensions using the SlicerAstro package. The HI deficiency of the separated galaxies is assessed against the benchmark of recent scaling relations of isolated galaxies. This work has been performed with particular attention to reproducibility and is accompanied by a complete workflow to reproduce all the final data products, figures, and results. Despite the clear disruption of the HI component of HCG 16 we find that it is not globally HI deficient, even though HCG 16a and b have lost the majority of their HI and almost 50% of the group's HI is in the IGrM. The HI content of HCG 16d shows highly disturbed kinematics, with only a marginal velocity gradient that is almost perpendicular to its optical major axis. The ~160kpc long tail extending towards the South-East appears to be part of an even larger structure which spatially and kinematically connects NGC 848 to the North-West corner of the group. This study indicates that in the recent past (1Gyr) galaxies HCG 16a and b likely underwent major interactions that unbound gas without triggering significant star formation. This gas was then swept away by a high speed, close encounter with NGC 848. The starburst events HCG 16c and d, likely initiated by their mutual interaction, have triggered galactic winds which, in the case of HCG 16d, appears to have disrupted its HI reservoir. The tidal features still connected to all these galaxies indicate that more HI will soon be lost to the IGrM, while that which remains in the discs will likely be consumed by star formation episodes triggered by their on-going interaction. This is expected to result in a collection of gas-poor galaxies embedded in a diffuse HI structure, which will gradually (over several Gyr) be evaporated by the UV background, resembling the final stage of the evolutionary model of compact groups.