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631. HARPS-TERRA project. I.
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/200/15
Title:
HARPS-TERRA project. I.
Short Name:
J/ApJS/200/15
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Doppler spectroscopy has uncovered or confirmed all the known planets orbiting nearby stars. Two main techniques are used to obtain precision Doppler measurements at optical wavelengths. The first approach is the gas cell method, which consists of least-squares matching of the spectrum of iodine imprinted on the spectrum of the star. The second method relies on the construction of a stabilized spectrograph externally calibrated in wavelength. The most precise stabilized spectrometer in operation is the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS), operated by the European Southern Observatory in La Silla Observatory, Chile. The Doppler measurements obtained with HARPS are typically obtained using the cross-correlation function (CCF) technique. This technique consists of multiplying the stellar spectrum by a weighted binary mask and finding the minimum of the product as a function of the Doppler shift. It is known that CCF is suboptimal in exploiting the Doppler information in the stellar spectrum. Here we describe an algorithm to obtain precision radial velocity measurements using least-squares matching of each observed spectrum to a high signal-to-noise ratio template derived from the same observations. This algorithm is implemented in our software HARPS-TERRA (Template-Enhanced Radial velocity Re-analysis Application). New radial velocity measurements on a representative sample of stars observed by HARPS are used to illustrate the benefits of the proposed method. We show that, compared with CCF, template matching provides a significant improvement in accuracy, especially when applied to M dwarfs.
632. HAT-P-44, HAT-P-45, and HAT-P-46 follow-up
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/147/128
Title:
HAT-P-44, HAT-P-45, and HAT-P-46 follow-up
Short Name:
J/AJ/147/128
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We report the discovery by the HATNet survey of three new transiting extrasolar planets orbiting moderately bright (V=13.2, 12.8, and 11.9) stars. The planets have orbital periods of 4.3012, 3.1290, and 4.4631 days, masses of 0.35, 0.89, and 0.49M_J_, and radii of 1.24, 1.43, and 1.28R_J_. The stellar hosts have masses of 0.94, 1.26, and 1.28M_{sun}_. Each system shows significant systematic variations in its residual radial velocities, indicating the possible presence of additional components. Based on its Bayesian evidence, the preferred model for HAT-P-44 consists of two planets, including the transiting component, with the outer planet having a period of 872 days, eccentricity of 0.494+/-0.081, and a minimum mass of 4.0M_J_. Due to aliasing we cannot rule out alternative solutions for the outer planet having a period of 220 days or 438 days. For HAT-P-45, at present there is not enough data to justify the additional free parameters included in a multi-planet model; in this case a single-planet solution is preferred, but the required jitter of 22.5+/-6.3m/s is relatively high for a star of this type. For HAT-P-46 the preferred solution includes a second planet having a period of 78 days and a minimum mass of 2.0M_J_, however the preference for this model over a single-planet model is not very strong. While substantial uncertainties remain as to the presence and/or properties of the outer planetary companions in these systems, the inner transiting planets are well characterized with measured properties that are fairly robust against changes in the assumed models for the outer planets. Continued radial velocity monitoring is necessary to fully characterize these three planetary systems, the properties of which may have important implications for understanding the formation of hot Jupiters.
633. HAT-TR-318-007: a double-lined M dwarf binary
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/114
Title:
HAT-TR-318-007: a double-lined M dwarf binary
Short Name:
J/AJ/155/114
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We report the discovery by the HATNet survey of HAT-TR-318-007, a P=3.34395390+/-0.00000020 day period detached double-lined M dwarf binary with total secondary eclipses. We combine radial velocity (RV) measurements from TRES/FLWO 1.5 m and time-series photometry from HATNet, FLWO 1.2 m, BOS 0.8 m, and NASA K2 Campaign 5, to determine the masses and radii of the component stars: M_A_=0.448+/-0.011 M_{sun}_^N^, M_B_=0.2721_-0.0042_^+0.0041^ M_{sun}_^N^, R_A_=0.4548_-0.0036_^+0.0035^ R_{sun}_^N^, and R_B_=0.2913_-0.0024_^+0.0023^ R_{sun}_^N^. We obtained a FIRE/Magellan near-infrared spectrum of the primary star during a total secondary eclipse, and we use this to obtain disentangled spectra of both components. We determine spectral types of ST_A_=M3.71+/-0.69 and ST_B_=M5.01+/-0.73 and effective temperatures of T_eff,A_=3190+/-110 K and T_eff,B_=3100+/-110 K for the primary and secondary star, respectively. We also measure a metallicity of [Fe/H]=+0.298+/-0.080 for the system. We find that the system has a small, but significant, nonzero eccentricity of 0.0136+/-0.0026. The K2 light curve shows a coherent variation at a period of 3.41315_-0.00032_^+0.00030^ days, which is slightly longer than the orbital period, and which we demonstrate comes from the primary star. We interpret this as the rotation period of the primary. We perform a quantitative comparison between the Dartmouth stellar evolution models and the seven systems, including HAT-TR-318-007, that contain M dwarfs with 0.2 M_{sun}_^N^<M<0.5 M_{sun}_^N^, have metallicity measurements, and have masses and radii determined to better than 5% precision. Discrepancies between the predicted and observed masses and radii are found for three of the systems.
634. H-band Spectral Standards
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/508/397
Title:
H-band Spectral Standards
Short Name:
J/ApJ/508/397
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present a catalogue of H-band spectra for 85 stars of approximately solar abundance observed at a resolving power of 3000 with the KPNO Mayall 4m Fourier Transform Spectrometer. The atlas covers spectral types O7-M5 and luminosity classes I-V as defined on the MK system. The final reduced spectra are available in addition to data products used in the analysis of the paper such as Tables of equivalent width measurements for spectral features of interest in deriving effective temperatures and estimating luminosity classes of stars. The final spectra cover wavelength range 1.52 to 1.79 microns.
635. H-band spectroscopic analysis of 25 bright M31 GCs
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/829/116
Title:
H-band spectroscopic analysis of 25 bright M31 GCs
Short Name:
J/ApJ/829/116
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Chemical abundances are presented for 25 M31 globular clusters (GCs), based on moderately high resolution (R=22500) H-band integrated light (IL) spectra from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). Infrared (IR) spectra offer lines from new elements, lines of different strengths, and lines at higher excitation potentials compared to the optical. Integrated abundances of C, N, and O are derived from CO, CN, and OH molecular features, while Fe, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, and Ti abundances are derived from atomic features. These abundances are compared to previous results from the optical, demonstrating the validity and value of IR IL analyses. The CNO abundances are consistent with typical tip of the red giant branch stellar abundances but are systematically offset from optical Lick index abundances. With a few exceptions, the other abundances agree between the optical and the IR within the 1{sigma} uncertainties. The first integrated K abundances are also presented and demonstrate that K tracks the {alpha} elements. The combination of IR and optical abundances allows better determinations of GC properties and enables probes of the multiple populations in extragalactic GCs. In particular, the integrated effects of the Na/O anticorrelation can be directly examined for the first time.
636. H{beta} to N2 line fluxes of nearby galaxies
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/847/136
Title:
H{beta} to N2 line fluxes of nearby galaxies
Short Name:
J/ApJ/847/136
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present calibrations for star formation rate (SFR) indicators in the ultraviolet, mid-infrared, and radio-continuum bands, including one of the first direct calibrations of 150MHz as an SFR indicator. Our calibrations utilize 66 nearby star-forming galaxies with Balmer-decrement-corrected H{alpha} luminosities, which span five orders of magnitude in SFR and have absolute magnitudes of -24<M_r_{<}-12. Most of our photometry and spectrophotometry are measured from the same region of each galaxy, and our spectrophotometry has been validated with SDSS photometry, so our random and systematic errors are small relative to the intrinsic scatter seen in SFR indicator calibrations. We find that the Wide-field Infrared Space Explorer W4 (22.8{mu}m), Spitzer 24{mu}m, and 1.4GHz bands have tight correlations with the Balmer-decrement-corrected H{alpha} luminosity, with a scatter of only 0.2dex. Our calibrations are comparable to those from the prior literature for L* galaxies, but for dwarf galaxies, our calibrations can give SFRs that are far greater than those derived from most previous literature.
637. HCO and CH_3_O in prestellar cores
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/587/A130
Title:
HCO and CH_3_O in prestellar cores
Short Name:
J/A+A/587/A130
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The recent unexpected detection of terrestrial complex organic molecules in the cold (~10K) gas has cast doubts on the commonly accepted formation mechanisms of these species. Standard gas-phase mechanisms are inefficient and tend to underproduce these molecules, and many of the key reactions involved are unconstrained. Grain-surface mechanisms, which were presented as a viable alternative, suffer from the fact that they rely on grain surface diffusion of heavy radicals, which is not possible thermally at very low temperatures. One of the simplest terrestrial complex organic molecules, methanol is believed to form on cold grain surfaces following from successive H atom additions on CO. Unlike heavier species, H atoms are very mobile on grain surfaces even at 10K. Intermediate species involved in grain surface methanol formation by CO hydrogenation are the radicals HCO and CH_3_O, as well as the stable species formaldehyde H_2_CO. These radicals are thought to be precursors of complex organic molecules on grain surfaces. We present new observations of the HCO and CH_3_O radicals in a sample of prestellar cores and carry out an analysis of the abundances of the species HCO, H_2_CO, CH_3_O, and CH_3_OH, which represent the various stages of grain- surface hydrogenation of CO to CH_3_OH. The abundance ratios between the various intermediate species in the hydrogenation reaction of CO on grains are similar in all sources of our sample, HCO:H_2_CO:CH_3_O:CH_3_OH~10:100:1:100. We argue that these ratios may not be representative of the primordial abundances on the grains but, rather, suggest that the radicals HCO and CH_3_O are gas-phase products of the precursors H_2_CO and CH_3_OH, respectively. Various gas-phase pathways are considered, including neutral-neutral and ion-molecule reactions, and simple estimates of HCO and CH_3_O abundances are compared to the observations. Critical reaction rate constants, branching ratios, and intermediate species are finally identified.
638. hCOSMOS: Hectospec survey of galaxies in COSMOS
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/234/21
Title:
hCOSMOS: Hectospec survey of galaxies in COSMOS
Short Name:
J/ApJS/234/21
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We describe the hCOSMOS redshift survey of the COSMOS field conducted with the Hectospec spectrograph on the MMT. In the central 1deg^2^, the hCOS20.6 subset of the survey is >90% complete to a limiting magnitude r=20.6. The hCOSMOS survey includes 1701 new redshifts in the COSMOS field. We also use the total of 4362 new and remeasured objects to derive the age-sensitive D_n_4000 index over the entire redshift interval 0.001<~z<~0.6. For 85% of the quiescent galaxies in hCOS20.6, we measure the central line-of-sight velocity dispersion. To explore potential uses of this survey, we combine previously measured galaxy sizes, profiles, and stellar masses with the spectroscopy. The comparison reveals the known relations among structural, kinematic, and stellar population properties. We also compare redshift and D_n_4000 distributions of hCOS20.6 galaxies with SHELS; a complete spectroscopic survey of 4deg^2^ observed to the same depth. The redshift distributions in the two fields are very different, but the D_n_4000 distribution is remarkably similar. The relation between velocity dispersion and stellar mass for massive hCOS20.6 galaxies is consistent with the local relation from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Using measured velocity dispersions, we test a photometric proxy calibrated to galaxies in the local universe. The systematic differences between the measured and photometric proxy velocity dispersions are correlated with galaxy dynamical and stellar population properties highlighting the importance of direct spectroscopic measurements.
639. H{delta} line in globular clusters
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/134/321
Title:
H{delta} line in globular clusters
Short Name:
J/AJ/134/321
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present a cautionary study exploring the reliability of the H{delta} line in the integrated spectra of galaxies for determining galaxy ages. Our database consists of the observed integrated spectra of ~120 early-type galaxies, 7 metal-rich globular clusters in M31 and the Galactic globular cluster 47 Tuc, and the open cluster M67. We have measured H{delta} using index definitions designed to assess contamination from the CN molecule in and around H{delta} by choosing combinations of bandpasses that both avoid and include a region of CN molecular lines redward of H{delta}. We find systematic differences in the ages derived from H{delta} measurements among the various definitions when extracting ages from H{delta} in old stellar populations with enhanced CN bands due to nonsolar abundance ratios. We propose that neighboring CN lines have a strong effect on pseudocontinuum and central bandpass levels. For stellar populations that have nonsolar abundance ratios in C and/or N, population synthesis models that do not account for abundance ratio variations cannot accurately reproduce the CN 4216{AA} band, which leads to a corresponding inaccuracy in reproducing the various H{delta} indices. Hence, caution must be used when extracting galaxy ages from the H{delta} line in old stellar populations with significant nonsolar abundance ratios.
640. He abundances in M30 and NGC 6397
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/786/14
Title:
He abundances in M30 and NGC 6397
Short Name:
J/ApJ/786/14
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present the helium abundance of the two metal-poor clusters M30 and NGC 6397. Helium estimates have been obtained by using the high-resolution spectrograph FLAMES at the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope and by measuring the He I line at 4471 {AA} in 24 and 35 horizontal branch (HB) stars in M30 and NGC 6397, respectively. This sample represents the largest data set of He abundances collected so far in metal-poor clusters. The He mass fraction turns out to be Y=0.252+/-0.003 ({sigma}=0.021) for M30 and Y=0.241+/-0.004 ({sigma}=0.023) for NGC 6397. These values are fully compatible with the cosmological abundance, thus suggesting that the HB stars are not strongly enriched in He. The small spread of the Y distributions are compatible with those expected from the observed main sequence splitting. Finally, we find a hint of a weak anticorrelation between Y and [O/Fe] in NGC 6397 in agreement with the prediction that O-poor stars are formed by (He-enriched) gas polluted by the products of hot proton-capture reactions.