- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/847/31
- Title:
- Protoplanetary disk data in Cha I and Lupus
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/847/31
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this paper, we investigate the relation between disk mass and mass accretion rate to constrain the mechanism of angular momentum transport in protoplanetary disks. We find a correlation between dust disk mass and mass accretion rate in Chamaeleon I with a slope that is close to linear, similar to the one recently identified in Lupus. We investigate the effect of stellar mass and find that the intrinsic scatter around the best-fit M_dust_-M_*_ and dM_acc_/dt-M_*_ relations is uncorrelated. We simulate synthetic observations of an ensemble of evolving disks using a Monte Carlo approach and find that disks with a constant {alpha} viscosity can fit the observed relations between dust mass, mass accretion rate, and stellar mass but overpredict the strength of the correlation between disk mass and mass accretion rate when using standard initial conditions. We find two possible solutions. In the first one, the observed scatter in M_dust_ and dM_acc_/dt is not primordial, but arises from additional physical processes or uncertainties in estimating the disk gas mass. Most likely grain growth and radial drift affect the observable dust mass, while variability on large timescales affects the mass accretion rates. In the second scenario, the observed scatter is primordial, but disks have not evolved substantially at the age of Lupus and Chamaeleon I owing to a low viscosity or a large initial disk radius. More accurate estimates of the disk mass and gas disk sizes in a large sample of protoplanetary disks, through either direct observations of the gas or spatially resolved multiwavelength observations of the dust with ALMA, are needed to discriminate between both scenarios or to constrain alternative angular momentum transport mechanisms such as MHD disk winds.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/640/A27
- Title:
- Protoplanetary disk masses in NGC 2024
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/640/A27
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Protoplanetary disks in dense, massive star-forming regions (SFRs) are strongly affected by their environment. How this environmental impact changes over time is an important constraint on disk evolution and external photoevaporation models. We characterized the dust emission from 179 disks in the core of the young (0.5Myr) NGC 2024 cluster. By studying how the disk mass varies within the cluster, and comparing these disks to those in other regions, we determined how external photoevaporation influences disk properties over time. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), a 2.9'x2.9' mosaic centered on NGC 2024 FIR 3 was observed at 225GHz with a resolution of 0.25'', or ~100AU. It contains 179 disks identified at IR wavelengths, 7 new disk candidates, and several protostars. Of the disks in the sample, 57 are detected. The overall detection rate is 32+/-4%. Few of the disks are resolved, with the exception of a giant (R=300AU) transition disk. Serendipitously, we observe a millimeter flare from an X-ray bright Young Stellar Object (YSO), and resolve continuum emission from a Class 0 YSO in the FIR 3 core. Two distinct disk populations are present: a more massive one in the east, along the dense molecular ridge hosting the FIR 1-5 YSOs, with a detection rate of 45+/-7%. In the western population, towards IRS 1, only 15+/-4% of disks are detected. NGC 2024 hosts two distinct disk populations. Disks along the dense molecular ridge are young (0.2-0.5Myr) and partly shielded from the FUV radiation of IRS 2b; their masses are similar to isolated 1-3Myr old SFRs. The western population is older and at lower extinctions, and may be affected by external photoevaporation from both IRS 1 and IRS 2b. It is, however, possible these disks had lower masses to begin with.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/154/129
- Title:
- PSYM-WIDE: planetary-mass companions to YMG members
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/154/129
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a direct imaging survey for very large separation (>100 AU), low-mass companions around 95 nearby young K5-L5 stars and brown dwarfs. They are high-likelihood candidates or confirmed members of the young (~<150 Myr) {beta} Pictoris and AB Doradus moving groups (ABDMG) and the TW Hya, Tucana-Horologium, Columba, Carina, and Argus associations. Images in i' and z' filters were obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) on Gemini South to search for companions down to an apparent magnitude of z'~22-24 at separations >~20" from the targets and in the remainder of the wide 5.5'x5.5' GMOS field of view. This allowed us to probe the most distant region where planetary-mass companions could be gravitationally bound to the targets. This region was left largely unstudied by past high-contrast imaging surveys, which probed much closer-in separations. This survey led to the discovery of a planetary-mass (9-13 M_Jup_) companion at 2000 AU from the M3V star GU Psc, a highly probable member of ABDMG. No other substellar companions were identified. These results allowed us to constrain the frequency of distant planetary-mass companions (5-13 M_Jup_) to 0.84_-0.66_^+6.73^% (95% confidence) at semimajor axes between 500 and 5000 AU around young K5-L5 stars and brown dwarfs. This is consistent with other studies suggesting that gravitationally bound planetary-mass companions at wide separations from low-mass stars are relatively rare.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/822/81
- Title:
- PTF stellar rotation periods for Pleiades members
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/822/81
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Stellar rotation periods (P_rot_) measured in open clusters have proved to be extremely useful for studying stars' angular momentum content and rotationally driven magnetic activity, which are both age- and mass-dependent processes. While P_rot_ measurements have been obtained for hundreds of solar-mass members of the Pleiades, measurements exist for only a few low-mass (<0.5 M_{sun}_) members of this key laboratory for stellar evolution theory. To fill this gap, we report P_rot_ for 132 low-mass Pleiades members (including nearly 100 with M=<0.45 M_{sun}_), measured from photometric monitoring of the cluster conducted by the Palomar Transient Factory in late 2011 and early 2012. These periods extend the portrait of stellar rotation at 125 Myr to the lowest-mass stars and re-establish the Pleiades as a key benchmark for models of the transport and evolution of stellar angular momentum. Combining our new P_rot_ with precise BVIJHK photometry reported by Stauffer et al. (2007, J/ApJS/172/663) and Kamai et al. (2014, J/AJ/148/30), we investigate known anomalies in the photometric properties of K and M Pleiades members. We confirm the correlation detected by Kamai et al. between a star's P_rot_ and position relative to the main sequence in the cluster's color-magnitude diagram. We find that rapid rotators have redder (V-K) colors than slower rotators at the same V, indicating that rapid and slow rotators have different binary frequencies and/or photospheric properties. We find no difference in the photometric amplitudes of rapid and slow rotators, indicating that asymmetries in the longitudinal distribution of starspots do not scale grossly with rotation rate.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/585/A73
- Title:
- PTPS stars. III. The evolved stars sample
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/585/A73
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the complete spectroscopic analysis of 455 stars observed within the Penn State - Torun Centre for Astronomy Planet Search (PTPS) with the High Resolution Spectrograph of the 9.2m Hobby-Eberly Telescope. We also present the total sample of 744 evolved stars of the PTPS and discuss masses of stellar hosts in our and other surveys devoted to evolved planetary systems. Stellar atmospheric parameters were determined through a strictly spectroscopic LTE analysis of equivalent widths of FeI and FeII lines. Rotational velocities were obtained from fitting synthetic spectra. Radial velocities were obtained from fitting a Gaussian function to the cross-correlation function. We determined stellar masses, ages, and luminosities with a Bayesian analysis of theoretical isochrones. The radii were calculated either from derived masses and logg or from Teff and luminosities.
376. PTPS stars IV.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/615/A31
- Title:
- PTPS stars IV.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/615/A31
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Our knowledge of the intrinsic parameters of exoplanets is as precise as our determinations of their stellar hosts parameters. In the case of radial velocity searches for planets, stellar masses appear to be crucial. But before estimating stellar masses properly, detailed spectroscopic analysis is essential. With this paper we conclude a general spectroscopic description of the Pennsylvania-Torun Planet Search (PTPS) sample of stars. We aim at a detailed description of basic parameters of stars representing the complete PTPS sample. We present atmospheric and physical parameters for dwarf stars observed within the PTPS along with updated physical parameters for the remaining stars from this sample after the first Gaia data release. We used high resolution (R=60000) and high signal-to-noise-ratio (S/N=150-250) spectra from the Hobby-Eberly Telescope and its High Resolution Spectrograph. Stellar atmospheric parameters were determined through a strictly spectroscopic local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis (LTE) of the equivalent widths of FeI and FeII lines. Stellar masses, ages, and luminosities were estimated through a Bayesian analysis of theoretical isochrones.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/232/23
- Title:
- 27 pulsating DA WDs follow-up observations
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/232/23
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present photometry and spectroscopy for 27 pulsating hydrogen-atmosphere white dwarfs (DAVs; a.k.a. ZZ Ceti stars) observed by the Kepler space telescope up to K2 Campaign 8, an extensive compilation of observations with unprecedented duration (>75 days) and duty cycle (>90%). The space-based photometry reveals pulsation properties previously inaccessible to ground- based observations. We observe a sharp dichotomy in oscillation mode line widths at roughly 800s, such that white dwarf pulsations with periods exceeding 800s have substantially broader mode line widths, more reminiscent of a damped harmonic oscillator than a heat-driven pulsator. Extended Kepler coverage also permits extensive mode identification: we identify the spherical degree of 87 out of 201 unique radial orders, providing direct constraints of the rotation period for 20 of these 27 DAVs, more than doubling the number of white dwarfs with rotation periods determined via asteroseismology. We also obtain spectroscopy from 4m-class telescopes for all DAVs with Kepler photometry. Using these homogeneously analyzed spectra, we estimate the overall mass of all 27 DAVs, which allows us to measure white dwarf rotation as a function of mass, constraining the endpoints of angular momentum in low- and intermediate-mass stars. We find that 0.51-0.73M{sun} white dwarfs, which evolved from 1.7-3.0M{sun} ZAMS progenitors, have a mean rotation period of 35hr with a standard deviation of 28hr, with notable exceptions for higher-mass white dwarfs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/154/216
- Title:
- Radial velocities of 41 Kepler eclipsing binaries
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/154/216
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Eclipsing binaries are vital for directly determining stellar parameters without reliance on models or scaling relations. Spectroscopically derived parameters of detached and semi-detached binaries allow us to determine component masses that can inform theories of stellar and binary evolution. Here we present moderate resolution ground-based spectra of stars in close binary systems with and without (detected) tertiary companions observed by NASA's Kepler mission and analyzed for eclipse timing variations. We obtain radial velocities and spectroscopic orbits for five single-lined and 35 double-lined systems, and confirm one false positive eclipsing binary. For the double-lined spectroscopic binaries, we also determine individual component masses and examine the mass ratio M_2_/M_1_ distribution, which is dominated by binaries with like-mass pairs and semi-detached classical Algol systems that have undergone mass transfer. Finally, we constrain the mass of the tertiary component for five double-lined binaries with previously detected companions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/145/41
- Title:
- Radial velocities of 33 spectroscopic binaries
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/145/41
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Orbital elements of 37 single-lined spectroscopic binary systems (SB1s) and 5 double-lined spectroscopic binary systems (SB2s) were determined using high-dispersion spectroscopy. To determine the orbital elements accurately, we carried out precise Doppler shift measurements using the HIgh Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph mounted on the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory 1.88 m telescope. We achieved a radial-velocity precision of ~10 m.s^-1^ over seven years of observations. The targeted binaries have spectral types between F5 and K3, and are brighter than the 7th magnitude in the V band. The orbital elements of 28 SB1s and 5 SB2s were determined at least 10 times more precisely than previous measurements. Among the remaining nine SB1s, five objects were found to be single stars, and the orbital elements of four objects were not determined because our observations did not cover the entire orbital period. We checked the absorption lines from the secondary star for 28 SB1s and found that three objects were in fact SB2s.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/82
- Title:
- Radial velocity characterization of TESS planets
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/156/82
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) will conduct a two-year wide-field survey searching for transiting planets around bright stars. Many TESS discoveries will be amenable to mass characterization via ground-based radial velocity measurements with any of a growing suite of existing and anticipated velocimeters in the optical and near-infrared. In this study we present an analytical formalism to compute the number of radial velocity (RV) measurements - and hence the total observing time-required to characterize RV planet masses with the inclusion of either a white or correlated noise activity model. We use our model to calculate the total observing time required to measure all TESS planet masses from the expected TESS planet yield while relying on our current understanding of the targeted stars, stellar activity, and populations of unseen planets that inform the expected RV precision. We also present specialized calculations applicable to a variety of interesting subsets of TESS planets including the characterization of 50 planets smaller than 4 Earth radii, which is expected to take as little as 60 nights of observation. However, the efficient RV characterization of such planets requires a priori knowledge of the "best" targets, which we argue can be identified prior to the conclusion of the TESS planet search based on our calculations. Our results highlight the comparable performance of optical and near-IR spectrographs for most planet populations except for Earths and temperate TESS planets, which are more efficiently characterized in the near-IR. Lastly, we present an online tool to the community to compute the total observing times required to detect any transiting planet using a user-defined spectrograph (RVFC; http://maestria.astro.umontreal.ca/rvfc).
