- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/154/108
- Title:
- California-Kepler Survey (CKS). II. Properties
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/154/108
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present stellar and planetary properties for 1305 Kepler Objects of Interest hosting 2025 planet candidates observed as part of the California-Kepler Survey. We combine spectroscopic constraints, presented in Paper I, with stellar interior modeling to estimate stellar masses, radii, and ages. Stellar radii are typically constrained to 11%, compared to 40% when only photometric constraints are used. Stellar masses are constrained to 4%, and ages are constrained to 30%. We verify the integrity of the stellar parameters through comparisons with asteroseismic studies and Gaia parallaxes. We also recompute planetary radii for 2025 planet candidates. Because knowledge of planetary radii is often limited by uncertainties in stellar size, we improve the uncertainties in planet radii from typically 42% to 12%. We also leverage improved knowledge of stellar effective temperature to recompute incident stellar fluxes for the planets, now precise to 21%, compared to a factor of two when derived from photometry.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/48
- Title:
- California-Kepler Survey (CKS). V. Masses and radii
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/155/48
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have established precise planet radii, semimajor axes, incident stellar fluxes, and stellar masses for 909 planets in 355 multi-planet systems discovered by Kepler. In this sample, we find that planets within a single multi-planet system have correlated sizes: each planet is more likely to be the size of its neighbor than a size drawn at random from the distribution of observed planet sizes. In systems with three or more planets, the planets tend to have a regular spacing: the orbital period ratios of adjacent pairs of planets are correlated. Furthermore, the orbital period ratios are smaller in systems with smaller planets, suggesting that the patterns in planet sizes and spacing are linked through formation and/or subsequent orbital dynamics. Yet, we find that essentially no planets have orbital period ratios smaller than 1.2, regardless of planet size. Using empirical mass-radius relationships, we estimate the mutual Hill separations of planet pairs. We find that 93% of the planet pairs are at least 10 mutual Hill radii apart, and that a spacing of ~20 mutual Hill radii is most common. We also find that when comparing planet sizes, the outer planet is larger in 65%+/-0.4% of cases, and the typical ratio of the outer to inner planet size is positively correlated with the temperature difference between the planets. This could be the result of photo-evaporation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/264
- Title:
- California-Kepler Survey. VII. Planet radius gap
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/156/264
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The distribution of planet sizes encodes details of planet formation and evolution. We present the most precise planet size distribution to date based on Gaia parallaxes, Kepler photometry, and spectroscopic temperatures from the California-Kepler Survey. Previously, we measured stellar radii to 11% precision using high-resolution spectroscopy; by adding Gaia astrometry, the errors are now 3%. Planet radius measurements are, in turn, improved to 5% precision. With a catalog of ~1000 planets with precise properties, we probed in fine detail the gap in the planet size distribution that separates two classes of small planets, rocky super-Earths and gas-dominated sub-Neptunes. Our previous study and others suggested that the gap may be observationally under-resolved and inherently flat-bottomed, with a band of forbidden planet sizes. Analysis based on our new catalog refutes this; the gap is partially filled in. Two other important factors that sculpt the distribution are a planet's orbital distance and its host-star mass, both of which are related to a planet's X-ray/UV irradiation history. For lower-mass stars, the bimodal planet distribution shifts to smaller sizes, consistent with smaller stars producing smaller planet cores. Details of the size distribution including the extent of the "sub-Neptune desert" and the width and slope of the gap support the view that photoevaporation of low-density atmospheres is the dominant evolutionary determinant of the planet size distribution.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/254
- Title:
- California-Kepler Survey.VI. Kepler multis & singles
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/156/254
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The California-Kepler Survey (CKS) catalog contains precise stellar and planetary properties for the Kepler planet candidates, including systems with multiple detected transiting planets ("multis") and systems with just one detected transiting planet ("singles", although additional planets could exist). We compared the stellar and planetary properties of the multis and singles in a homogeneous subset of the full CKS-Gaia catalog. We found that sub-Neptune-sized singles and multis do not differ in their stellar properties or planet radii. In particular: (1) The distributions of stellar properties M_*_, [Fe/H], and vsini for the Kepler sub-Neptune-sized singles and multis are statistically indistinguishable. (2) The radius distributions of the sub-Neptune-sized singles and multis with P>3 days are indistinguishable, and both have a valley at ~1.8 R_{Earth}_. However, there are significantly more detected short-period (P<3 days), sub-Neptune-sized singles than multis. The similarity of the host-star properties, planet radii, and radius valley for singles and multis suggests a common origin. The similar radius valley, which is likely sculpted by photo-evaporation from the host star within the first 100 Myr, suggests that planets in both singles and multis spend much of the first 100 Myr near their present, close-in locations. One explanation that is consistent with the similar fundamental properties of singles and multis is that many of the singles are members of multi-planet systems that underwent planet-planet scattering.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/151/59
- Title:
- Catalog of Earth-Like Exoplanet Survey Targets
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/151/59
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Locating planets in circumstellar habitable zones (HZs) is a priority for many exoplanet surveys. Space-based and ground-based surveys alike require robust toolsets to aid in target selection and mission planning. We present the Catalog of Earth-Like Exoplanet Survey Targets (CELESTA), a database of HZs around 37000 nearby stars. We calculated stellar parameters, including effective temperatures, masses, and radii, and we quantified the orbital distances and periods corresponding to the circumstellar HZs. We gauged the accuracy of our predictions by contrasting CELESTA's computed parameters to observational data. We ascertain a potential return on investment by computing the number of HZs probed for a given survey duration. A versatile framework for extending the functionality of CELESTA into the future enables ongoing comparisons to new observations, and recalculations when updates to HZ models, stellar temperatures, or parallax data become available. We expect to upgrade and expand CELESTA using data from the Gaia mission as the data become available.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/V/118
- Title:
- Catalog of eclipsing binaries parameters
- Short Name:
- V/118
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This catalogue contains information about 44 binaries with known photometric orbit elements and unknown spectroscopic one.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/386/492
- Title:
- Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/386/492
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements (CHARM) includes most of the measurements obtained by the techniques of lunar occultations and long-baseline interferometry at visual and infrared wavelengths, which have appeared in the literature or have otherwise been made public until mid-2001. A total of 2432 measurements of 1625 sources are included, along with extensive auxiliary information. In particular, visual and infrared photometry is included for almost all the sources. This has been partly extracted from currently available catalogs, and partly obtained specifically for CHARM. The main aim is to provide a compilation of sources which could be used as calibrators or for science verification purposes by the new generation of large ground-based facilities such as the ESO Very Large Interferometer and the Keck Interferometer.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/232/26
- Title:
- Catalog of Kepler flare stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/232/26
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We aim to perform a statistical study of stellar flares observed by Kepler. We want to study the flare amplitude, duration, energy, and occurrence rates, and how they are related to the spectral type and rotation period. To that end, we have developed an automated flare detection and characterization algorithm. We have harvested the stellar parameters from the Kepler input catalog and the rotation periods from McQuillan et al. (2014, Cat. J/ApJS/211/24). We find several new candidate A stars showing flaring activity. Moreover, we find 653 giants with flares. From the statistical distribution of flare properties, we find that the flare amplitude distribution has a similar behavior between F+G types and K+M types. The flare duration and flare energy seem to be grouped between G+K+M types versus F types and giants. We also detect a tail of stars with high flare occurrence rates across all spectral types (but most prominent in the late spectral types), and this is compatible with the existence of "flare stars." Finally, we have found a strong correlation of the flare occurrence rate and the flare amplitude with the stellar rotation period: a quickly rotating star is more likely to flare often and has a higher chance of generating large flares.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/786/130
- Title:
- Catalog of M31 SNR candidates
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/786/130
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a survey of optically emitting supernova remnants (SNRs) in M31 based on H{alpha} and [S II] images in the Local Group Survey. Using these images, we select objects that have [S II]:H{alpha}>0.4 and circular shapes. We identify 156 SNR candidates, of which 76 are newly found objects. We classify these SNR candidates according to two criteria: the SNR progenitor type (Type Ia and core-collapse (CC) SNRs) and the morphological type. Type Ia and CC SNR candidates make up 23% and 77%, respectively, of the total sample. Most of the CC SNR candidates are concentrated in the spiral arms, while the Type Ia SNR candidates are rather distributed over the entire galaxy, including the inner region. The CC SNR candidates are brighter in H{alpha} and [S II] than the Type Ia SNR candidates. We derive a cumulative size distribution of the SNR candidates, finding that the distribution of the candidates with 17<D<50 pc is fitted well by a power law with the power-law index {alpha}=2.53+/-0.04. This indicates that most of the SNR candidates identified in this study appear to be in the Sedov-Taylor phase. The [S II]:H{alpha} distribution of the SNR candidates is bimodal, with peaks at [S II]:H{alpha}~0.4 and~0.9. The properties of these SNR candidates vary little with the galactocentric distance. The H{alpha} and [S II] surface brightnesses show a good correlation with the X-ray luminosity of the SNR candidates that are center-bright.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/393/183
- Title:
- Catalogue of calibrator stars for LBSI
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/393/183
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Long baseline stellar interferometry shares with other techniques the need for calibrator stars in order to correct for instrumental and atmospheric effects. We present a catalogue of 374 stars carefully selected to be used for that purpose in the near infrared. Owing to several convergent criteria with the work of Cohen et al. (1999AJ....117.1864C), this catalogue is in essence a subset of their self-consistent all-sky network of spectro-photometric calibrator stars. For every star, we provide the angular limb-darkened diameter, uniform disc angular diameters in the J, H and K bands, the Johnson photometry and other useful parameters. Most stars are type III giants with spectral types K or M0, magnitudes V=3-7 and K=0-3. Their angular limb-darkened diameters range from 1 to 3 mas with a median uncertainty as low as 1.2%. The median distance from a given point on the sky to the closest reference is 5.2{deg}, whereas this distance never exceeds 16.4{deg} for any celestial location.
