- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/658/A119
- Title:
- Jet collimation in NGC 1052
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/658/A119
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022 14:52:38
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- With the increased sensitivity and resolution of radio interferometry the study of the collimation and acceleration region of jets in Active Galactic Nuclei(AGN) has come into focus within the last years. Whereas a large fraction of AGN jets reveal a change from parabolic to conical collimation around the Bondi radius, a small number of sources deviate from this standard picture, including the radio galaxy NGC1052. We study the jet width profile, which provides valuable information about the interplay between the central engine and accretion disk system and the collimation and acceleration zone of the jets. We observed the double-sided active galaxy NGC1052 at six frequencies with the VLBA in 2017 and at 22GHz with RadioAstron in 2016. These data are combined with archival 15, 22, and 43GHz multi-epoch VLBA observations. From ridge-line fitting we obtained width measurements along the jet and counter-jet which were fitted with broken power-laws. We find a break in the jet collimation profile at ~10^4^R_s_ (Schwarzschild radii). Downstream of the break the collimation is conical with a power-law index of 1.0-1.2 (cylindrical 0; parabolic 0.5; conical 1). The upstream power-law index of 0.36 for the approaching jet is neither cylindrical nor parabolic and for the receding jet with 0.16 close-to cylindrical. Both jets have an opening angle of ~30 degree at a distance of ~10^3R_S_ and are well collimated with an opening angle of <10 degrees downstream of the break. There are significant differences in the upstream collimation profile between approaching (Eastern) and receding (Western) jet. Absorption or scattering in the surrounding torus as well as an accretion wind may mimic a cylindrical profile. We need to increase the observing frequencies, which do not suffer from absorption to find the true jet collimation profile upstream of 10^4^R_s_.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/647/A67
- Title:
- Jet collimation in NGC 315
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/647/A67
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The collimation of relativistic jets in galaxies is a poorly understood process. Detailed radio studies of the jet collimation region have been performed so far in a few individual objects, providing important constraints for jet formation models. However, the extent of the collimation zone as well as the nature of the external medium possibly confining the jet are still debated. In this article, we present a multifrequency and multiscale analysis of the radio galaxy NGC 315, including the use of mm-VLBI data up to 86GHz, aimed at revealing the evolution of the jet collimation profile. We then consider results from the literature to compare the jet expansion profile in a sample of 27 low-redshift sources, mainly comprising radio galaxies and BL Lacs, which were classified based on the accretion properties as low-excitation (LEG) and high-excitation (HEG) galaxies. We propose that the jet collimation in NGC 315 is completed on sub-parsec scales. A transition from a parabolic to conical jet shape is detected at z_t_=0.58+/-0.28-parsecs or ~5x10^3& Schwarzschild radii (Rs) from the central engine, a distance which is much smaller than the Bondi radius, rB~92pc, estimated based on X-ray data. The jet in this and in a few other LEG in our sample may be initially confined by a thick disk extending out to ~10^3^-10^4^R_{sun}_. A comparison between the mass-scaled jet expansion profiles of all sources indicates that jets in HEG are surrounded by thicker disk-launched sheaths and collimate on larger scales with respect to jets in LEG. These results suggest that disk winds play an important role in the jet collimation mechanism, particularly in high-luminosity sources. The impact of winds on the origin of the FRI and FRII dichotomy in radio galaxies is also discussed.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/143/35
- Title:
- KCAL VERA 22 GHz calibrator survey
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/143/35
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We observed at 22GHz with the VLBI array VERA a sample of 1536 sources with correlated flux densities brighter than 200mJy at 8GHz. One half of target sources has been detected. The detection limit was around 200mJy. We derived the correlated flux densities of 877 detected sources in three ranges of projected baseline lengths. The objective of these observations was to determine the suitability of given sources as phase calibrators for dual-beam and phase-referencing observations at high frequencies. Preliminary results indicate that the number of compact extragalactic sources at 22GHz brighter than a given correlated flux density level is twice less than at 8GHz.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/414/2528
- Title:
- LBA Calibrator Survey (LCS1)
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/414/2528
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalogue of accurate positions and correlated flux densities for 410 flat-spectrum, compact extragalactic radio sources previously detected in the AT20G survey. The catalogue spans the declination range [-90{deg}, -40{deg}] and was constructed from four 24-hour VLBI observing sessions with the Australian Long Baseline Array at 8.3GHz. The VLBI detection rate in these experiments is 97%, the median uncertainty of the source positions is 2.6mas, and the median correlated flux density on projected baselines longer than 1000km is 0.14Jy. The goals of this work are 1) to provide a pool of southern sources with positions accurate to a few milliarcsec, which can be used for phase referencing observations, geodetic VLBI and space navigation; 2) to extend the complete flux-limited sample of compact extragalactic sources to the southern hemisphere; and 3) to investigate the parsec-scale properties of high-frequency selected sources from the AT20G survey. As a result of this VLBI campaign, the number of compact radio sources south of declination -40 deg which have measured VLBI correlated flux densities and positions known to milliarcsec accuracy has increased by a factor of 3.5. The catalogue and supporting material is available at http://astrogeo.org/lcs1.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/551/A97
- Title:
- Lockman Hole/XMM VLBI observations
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/551/A97
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Active galactic nuclei (AGN) play a decisive role in galaxy evolution, particularly so when they launch powerful jets, which reshape their surroundings. However, identifying them is difficult, since radio observations typically have a resolution between 1arcsec and 10arcsec, which is equally sensitive to radio emission from star-forming activity and from AGN. Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations allow only the most compact non-thermal emission to be to be filtered from radio survey data. The observational and computational demands to do this in large surveys have, until recently, been too high to make this practical. Only the recent advent of wide-field observing techniques have enabled such observations, and we here present the results of a survey of 217 radio sources in the Lockman Hole/XMM field. We detected 65 out of the 217 radio sources and were able to construct, for the first time, the source counts of VLBI-detected AGN.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/574/A73
- Title:
- LOFAR long baselines at 140MHz Calibrators
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/574/A73
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- An efficient means of locating calibrator sources for international LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) is developed and used to determine the average density of usable calibrator sources on the sky for subarcsecond observations at 140MHz. We used the multi-beaming capability of LOFAR to conduct a fast and computationally inexpensive survey with the full international LOFAR array. Sources were preselected on the basis of 325MHz arcminute-scale flux density using existing catalogues. By observing 30 different sources in each of the 12 sets of pointings per hour, we were able to inspect 630 sources in two hours to determine if they possess a sufficiently bright compact component to be usable as LOFAR delay calibrators.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/468/4992
- Title:
- MOJAVE XIV. AGN jet shapes & opening angles
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/468/4992
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present 15 GHz stacked VLBA images of 373 jets associated with active galactic nuclei (AGN) having at least 5 observing epochs within a 20yr time interval 1994-2015 from the MOJAVE programme and/or its precursor, the 2 cm VLBA Survey. These data are supplemented by 1.4 GHz single-epoch VLBA observations of 135 MOJAVE AGNs to probe larger scale jet structures. The typical jet geometry is found to be close to conical on scales from hundreds to thousands of parsecs, while a number of galaxies show quasi-parabolic streamlines on smaller scales. A true jet geometry in a considerable fraction of AGNs appears only after stacking epochs over several years. The jets with significant radial accelerated motion undergo more active collimation. We have analyzed total intensity jet profiles transverse to the local jet ridgeline and derived both apparent and intrinsic opening angles of the flows, with medians of 21.5{deg} and 1.3{deg}, respectively. The Fermi LAT-detected gamma-ray AGNs in our sample have, on average, wider apparent and narrower intrinsic opening angle, and smaller viewing angle than non LAT-detected AGNs. We have established a highly significant correlation between the apparent opening angle and gamma-ray luminosity, driven by Doppler beaming and projection effects.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/484/119
- Title:
- Multi-epoch VLBI survey of CJF sources
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/484/119
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This is the second in a series of papers presenting VLBI observations of the 293 Caltech-Jodrell Bank Flat-spectrum (hereafter CJF) sources and their analysis. We obtain a consistent motion dataset large enough to allow the systematic properties of the population to be studied. We present detailed kinematic analysis of the complete flux-density limited CJF survey. We computed 2-D kinematic models based on the optimal model-fitting parameters of multi-epoch VLBA observations. This allows us to calculate not only radial, but also orthogonal motions, and thus to study curvature and acceleration. Statistical tests of the motions measured and their reliability were performed. A correlation analysis between the derived apparent motions, luminosities, spectral indices, and core dominance and the resulting consequences is described. With at least one velocity in each of the 237 sources, this sample is much larger than any available before, so it allows a meaning ful statistical investigation of apparent motions and any possible correlations with other parameters in AGN jets. The main results to emerge are as follows: * In general motions are not consistent with a single uniform velocity applicable to all components along a jet. * We find a slight trend towards a positive outward acceleration and also adduce some evidence for greater acceleration in the innermost regions. * We find a lack of fast components at physical distances less than a few pc from the reference feature. * Only ~4% of the components from galaxies and <2% of those from quasars undergo large bends i.e. within 15{deg} of +/-90{deg}. * The distribution of radial velocities shows a broad distribution of velocities (apparent velocities up to 30c). Fifteen percent of the best-sampled jet components exhibit low velocities that may need to be explained in a different manner to the fast motions. * Some negative superluminal motions are seen, and in 15 cases (6%) these are definitely significant. * We find a strong correlation between the 5 GHz luminosity and the apparent velocity. * The CJF galaxies, on average, show slower apparent jet-component velocities than the quasars. * The mean velocity in the VLBA 2cm survey (Kellermann et al. 2004) is substantially higher than in the CJF survey, the ratio could be roughly a factor of 1.5-2. This supports the observed trend toward increasing apparent velocity with in creasing observing frequency. This AGN survey provides the basis for any statistical analysis of jet and jet-component properties.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/623/A27
- Title:
- NGC1052 twin-jet VLBI images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/623/A27
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Few active galactic nuclei (AGN) reveal double-sided jet systems. However, these systems are crucial to understand basic physical properties of extragalactic jets. We address the questions whether jets in AGN are symmetric in nature, how well they are collimated on small scales, and how they evolve with time. We monitored the sub-parsec scale morphology of NGC 1052 with the Very Long Baseline Array at 43GHz from 2005 to 2009. A detailed study of 29 epochs show a remarkable asymmetry between both jets. A kinematic analysis of the outflows reveals higher apparent velocities for the eastern (approaching) jet as compared to the western (receding) jet, i.e., {beta}_ej_=0.529+/-0.038 and {beta}_wj_=0.343+/-0.037, respectively. Contradictory to previous studies, we find higher flux densities for the western jet as compared to the eastern. The distribution of brightness temperature and jet width features well-collimated jets up to 1 mas distance to the dynamic center and a nearly conical outflow further outward. By combining flux density ratios and velocities of the jet flows, we were unable to find a combination of intrinsic velocities and inclination angles of the jets that is consistent for all four years of observation; this contradicts findings for symmetrically evolving jets. Spectral index maps between quasi-simultaneous 22GHz and 43GHz observations support the existence of an optically thick absorber covering the innermost ~=1.6mas around the 43GHz central feature and an optically thin jet emission with a spectral index of <=-1. Our results fit into a picture in which we expect larger internal energy and/or magnetic flux in the western jet and higher kinetic energy in the eastern jet. Previous observations at lower frequencies have found slower velocities of the moving jet features as compared to this work. Considering the different velocities in different areas, we suggest a spine-sheath structure with a faster inner layer and slower outer layer.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/142/105
- Title:
- Optically Bright Extragalactic Radio Sources
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/142/105
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- It is expected that the European Space Agency mission Gaia will make possible to determine coordinates in the optical domain of more than 500,000 quasars. In 2006, a radio astrometry project was launched with the overall goal to make comparison of coordinate systems derived from future space-born astrometry instruments with the coordinate system constructed from analysis of the global very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) more robust. Investigation of their rotation, zonal errors, and the non-alignment of the radio and optical positions caused by both radio and optical structures are important for validation of both techniques. In order to support these studies, the densification of the list of compact extragalactic objects that are bright in both radio and optical ranges is desirable. A set of 105 objects from the list of 398 compact extragalactic radio sources with declinations >-10{deg} was observed with the VLBA+EVN with the primary goal of producing their images with milliarcsecond resolution. These sources are brighter than 18 magnitude at V band, and they were previously detected at the European VLBI network. In this paper coordinates of observed sources have been derived with milliarcsecond accuracies from analysis of these VLBI observations following the method of absolute astrometry. The catalog of positions of 105 target sources is presented. The accuracies of sources coordinates are in the range of 0.3 to 7mas, with the median 1.1mas.
