- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/287/293
- Title:
- BR photometry of EUVE sources
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/287/293
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Most of the sources detected in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV; 100-600{AA}) by the ROSAT/WFC and EUVE all-sky surveys have been identified with active late-type stars and hot white dwarfs that are near enough to the Earth to escape absorption by interstellar gas. However, about 15 per cent of EUV sources are as yet unidentified with any optical counterparts. We examine whether the unidentified EUV sources may consist of the same population of late-type stars and white dwarfs. We present B and R photometry of stars in the fields of seven of the unidentified EUV sources. We detect in the optical the entire main-sequence and white dwarf population out to the greatest distances where they could still avoid absorption. We use colour-magnitude diagrams to demonstrate that, in most of the fields, none of the observed stars has the colours and magnitudes of late-type dwarfs at distances less than 100pc. Similarly, none of the observed stars is a white dwarf within 500pc that is hot enough to be a EUV emitter. The unidentified EUV sources we study are not detected in X-rays, while cataclysmic variables, X-ray binaries, and active galactic nuclei generally are. We conclude that some of the EUV sources may be a new class of nearby objects, which are either very faint at optical bands or which mimic the colours and magnitudes of distant late-type stars or cool white dwarfs. One candidate for optically faint objects is isolated old neutron stars, slowly accreting interstellar matter. Such neutron stars are expected to be abundant in the Galaxy, and have not been unambiguously detected.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/384/890
- Title:
- BVRIHalpha photometry of NGC 2244 X-ray stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/384/890
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present high spatial resolution optical photometry of NGC 2244 in the Rosette Nebula using the NOAO MOSAIC Imager at Kitt Peak. We obtained BVIR and H{alpha} images of the central cluster and surrounding nebulae, and present results for 138 sources selected from X-ray observations with the ROSAT PSPC and HRI. Color-magnitude diagrams of the cluster show a large number of the stars are still undergoing contraction onto the main sequence. The faintest X-ray selected cluster members have the highest X-ray-to-optical luminosities (L_x_~>7x10^30^erg/s; L_x_/L_bol_=~10^-2^ to 10^-3^) and indicate they are a population of young active late-type stars. H{alpha} emission from the X-ray emitters is also remarkable. We have extended the detections of PMS stars in NGC 2244 well into the ran ge of K spectral types. While most of the cluster stars are located in the color-magnitude diagrams in between the ZAMS and the 3Myrs isochrone, significantly younger low mass stars exist and confirm earlier reports that star formation is still going on in the Rosette Nebula/NGC 2244 region.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/416/1037
- Title:
- BVRIK Photometry for the field of 4U 0142+61
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/416/1037
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present new optical and infrared observations of the counterpart to the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar (AXP) 4U 0142+61 taken with the Keck I telescope. The counterpart is found to be variable in the infrared. This contrasts with our optical observations, which do not show any evidence for variability. Apart from the variability the AXP shows a remarkable spectral energy distribution. In particular, we find a sudden drop in flux going from V to B, presumably due to a spectral feature. We compare our results to those obtained for the two other securely identified AXP counterparts, to 1E 2259+586 and 1E 1048.1-5937. 4U 0142+61 is very similar to the former source in its X-ray timing and spectral properties, and we find that this similarity extends to the quiescent infrared to X-ray flux ratio. For 1E 1048.1-5937, which has different X-ray properties, the situation is less clear: in one observation, the infrared to X-ray flux ratio was much larger, but another observation gave an upper limit which is consistent with that observed for 4U 0142+61. Assuming the quiescent ratios are all similar, we estimate the optical and infrared brightnesses for the three AXPs that remain to be identified as well as for the four Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters. We also discuss briefly how the observed optical and infrared emission might arise, in particular in the context of the magnetar model.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/542/A83
- Title:
- CAIXA. II. AGNs from excess variance analysis
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/542/A83
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report on the results of the first XMM-Newton systematic "excess variance" study of all the radio quiet, X-ray unobscured AGN. The entire sample consist of 161 sources observed by XMM-Newton for more than 10ks in pointed observations, which is the largest sample used so far to study AGN X-ray variability on time scales less than a day. Recently it has been suggested that the same engine might be at work in the core of every Black Hole (BH) accreting object. In this hypothesis, the same variability should be observed in all AGN, once rescaled by the MBH (MBH) and accretion rate (dm/dt). We systematically compute the excess variance for all AGN, on different time-scales (10, 20, 40 and 80ks) and in different energy bands (0.3-0.7, 0.7-2 and 2-10keV).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/96/303
- Title:
- Calibrating Broad Band X-ray Telescope
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/96/303
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This paper describes the calibration of the two solid-state Si(Li) X-ray detectors and the X-ray telescopes that flew as part of Goddard Space Flight Center's Broad Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT) experiment on board the space shuttle Columbia in 1990 December. During the 9 day shuttle mission, BBXRT performed ~150 observations of 82 celestial sources. The content of the archive is summarised here. Although BBXRT had a relatively short life, it stands as a milestone in X-ray astronomy as being the first instrument to offer moderate spectral resolution over a wide bandpass (0.3-12.0keV). Among other things, this paper discusses the effective area calibration of the instrument, the flux calibration and flux corrections for off-axis observations, the detector background, and optimal background subtraction techniques. The on-axis effective area calibration for the central detector elements was performed using data from the Crab Nebula, while other carefully selected targets were used for calibration of the outer detector elements. The remaining systematic uncertainties in the effective area calibration for point sources observed both on and off axis are generally less than 5%-10%. The energy scale is known to better than 0.5% at 6.0 keV for both detectors. The results presented here have an impact on the calibration of other medium resolution X-ray experiments such as the CCDs on board ASCA (Astro-D) as well as the Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility detectors.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/823/95
- Title:
- CANDELS GOODS-S sources Chandra counterparts
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/823/95
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Improving the capabilities of detecting faint X-ray sources is fundamental to increase the statistics on faint high-z AGN and star-forming galaxies. We performed a simultaneous Maximum Likelihood PSF fit in the [0.5-2]keV and [2-7]keV energy bands of the 4Ms Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) data at the position of the 34930 CANDELS H-band selected galaxies. For each detected source we provide X-ray photometry and optical counterpart validation. We validated this technique by means of a raytracing simulation. We detected a total of 698 X-ray point-sources with a likelihood L>4.98 (i.e.> 2.7{sigma}). We show that the prior knowledge of a deep sample of Optical-NIR galaxies leads to a significant increase of the detection of faint (i.e. ~10^-17^cgs in the [0.5-2]keV band) sources with respect to "blind" X-ray detections. By including previous catalogs, this work increases the total number of X-ray sources detected in the 4Ms CDFS, CANDELS area to 793, which represents the largest sample of extremely faint X-ray sources assembled to date. Our results suggest that a large fraction of the optical counterparts of our X-ray sources determined by likelihood ratio actually coincides with the priors used for the source detection. Most of th e new detected sources are likely star-forming galaxies or faint absorbed AGN. We identified a few sources sources with putative photometric redshift z>4. Despite the low number statistics, this sample significantly increases the number of X-ray selected candidate high-z AGN.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/194/6
- Title:
- Candidate X-ray emitting OB stars in Carina
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/194/6
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the results of a new survey of massive, OB stars throughout the Carina Nebula using the X-ray point source catalog provided by the Chandra Carina Complex Project (CCCP) in conjunction with infrared (IR) photometry from the Two Micron All-Sky Survey and the Spitzer Space Telescope Vela-Carina survey. Mid-IR photometry is relatively unaffected by extinction, hence it provides strong constraints on the luminosities of OB stars, assuming that their association with the Carina Nebula, and hence their distance, is confirmed. We fit model stellar atmospheres to the optical (UBV) and IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 182 OB stars with known spectral types and measure the bolometric luminosity and extinction for each star. Using X-ray emission as a strong indicator of association with Carina, we identify 94 candidate OB stars with L_bol_>~10^4^L_{sun}_ by fitting their IR SEDs. If the candidate OB stars are eventually confirmed by follow-up spectroscopic observations, the number of cataloged OB stars in the Carina Nebula will increase by ~50%.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/838/61
- Title:
- Candidate X-ray OB stars in MYStIX regions
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/838/61
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Massive O-type and early B-type (OB) stars in the nearby Galaxy remain incompletely cataloged due to high extinction, bright visible and infrared nebular emission in H II regions, and high field star contamination. These difficulties are alleviated by restricting the search to stars with X-ray emission. Using the X-ray point sources from the Massive Young Star-forming Complex Study in Infrared and X-Rays (MYStIX) survey of OB-dominated regions, we identify 98 MYStIX candidate OB (MOBc) stars by fitting their 1-8{mu}m spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with reddened stellar atmosphere models. We identify 27 additional MOBc stars based on JHK_S_ photometry of X-ray stars lacking SED fitting. These candidate OB stars indicate that the current census of stars earlier than B1, taken across the 18 MYStIX regions studied, is less than 50% complete. We also fit the SEDs of 239 previously published OB stars to measure interstellar extinction and bolometric luminosities, revealing six candidate massive binary systems and five candidate O-type (super)giants. As expected, candidate OB stars have systematically higher extinction than previously published OB stars. Notable results for individual regions include identification of the OB population of a recently discovered massive cluster in NGC 6357, an older OB association in the M17 complex, and new massive luminous O stars near the Trifid Nebula. In several relatively poorly studied regions (RCW 38, NGC 6334, NGC 6357, Trifid, and NGC 3576), the OB populations may increase by factors of 2.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/158/235
- Title:
- Candidate X-ray sources in IRAS 09002-4732 region
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/158/235
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- IRAS 09002-4732 is a poorly studied embedded cluster of stars in the Vela Molecular Ridge at a distance of 1.7 kpc. Deep observations with the Chandra X-ray Observatory, combined with existing optical and infrared surveys, produce a catalog of 441 probable pre-main-sequence members of the region. The stellar spatial distribution has two components: most stars reside in a rich, compact, elliptical cluster, but a minority reside within a molecular filament several parsecs long that straddles the cluster. The filament has active distributed star formation with dozens of unclustered protostars. The cluster pre-main-sequence population is =<0.8 Myr old and deeply embedded; its most massive member is extremely young, producing an ultracompact H II region. The cluster total population deduced from the X-ray luminosity function is surprisingly rich, twice that of the Orion Nebula Cluster. The cluster core is remarkably dense where strong N-body interactions should be occurring; its initial mass function may be deficient in massive stars. We infer that IRAS 09002-4732 is a rare case where a rich cluster is forming today in a molecular filament, consistent with astrophysical models of cluster formation in clouds that involve the hierarchical formation and merging of groups in molecular filaments.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/506/711
- Title:
- Canis Major R1 X-ray sources
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/506/711
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The CMa R1 star-forming region contains several compact clusters as well as many young early-B stars. It is associated with a well-known bright rimmed nebula, the nature of which is unclear (fossil HII region or supernova remnant). To help elucidate the nature of the nebula, our goal was to reconstruct the star-formation history of the CMa R1 region, including the previously unknown older, fainter low-mass stellar population, using X-rays. We analyzed images obtained with the ROSAT satellite, covering ~5deg^2^. Complementary VRI photometry was performed with the Gemini South telescope. Colour-magnitude and colour-colour diagrams were used in conjunction with pre-main sequence evolutionary tracks to derive the masses and ages of the X-ray sources.
