- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/877/5
- Title:
- Chandra DF obscured & Compton-thick AGNs. I. Variability
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/877/5
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a detailed X-ray spectral analysis of 1152 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected in the Chandra Deep Fields (CDFs), in order to identify highly obscured AGNs (N_H_>10^23^cm^-2^). By fitting spectra with physical models, 436 (38%) sources with L_X_>10^42^erg/s are confirmed to be highly obscured, including 102 Compton-thick (CT) candidates. We propose a new hardness ratio measure of the obscuration level that can be used to select highly obscured AGN candidates. The completeness and accuracy of applying this method to our AGNs are 88% and 80%, respectively. The observed log N-log S relation favors cosmic X-ray background models that predict moderate (i.e., between optimistic and pessimistic) CT number counts. Nineteen percent (6/31) of our highly obscured AGNs that have optical classifications are labeled as broad-line AGNs, suggesting that, at least for part of the AGN population, the heavy X-ray obscuration is largely a line-of-sight effect, i.e., some high column density clouds on various scales (but not necessarily a dust-enshrouded torus) along our sight line may obscure the compact X-ray emitter. After correcting for several observational biases, we obtain the intrinsic N_H_ distribution and its evolution. The CT/highly obscured fraction is roughly 52% and is consistent with no evident redshift evolution. We also perform long-term (~17yr in the observed frame) variability analyses for 31 sources with the largest number of counts available. Among them, 17 sources show flux variabilities: 31% (5/17) are caused by the change of N_H_, 53% (9/17) are caused by the intrinsic luminosity variability, 6% (1/17) are driven by both effects, and 2 are not classified owing to large spectral fitting errors.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/355/97
- Title:
- Chandra/ELAIS mid-infrared sources
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/355/97
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a cross-correlation of the European Large Area Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) survey (ELAIS) with the ELAIS Deep X-ray Survey of the N1 and N2 fields. There are seven Chandra point sources with matches in the ELAIS Final Analysis 15{mu}m catalogue, out of a total of 28 extragalactic ISO sources present in the Chandra fields. Five of these are consistent with active galactic nuclei (AGN) giving an AGN fraction of ~19 per cent in the 15{mu}m flux range 0.8-6mJy. We have co-added the hard X-ray fluxes of the individually undetected ISO sources and find a low significance detection consistent with star formation in the remaining population. We combine our point source cross-correlation fraction with the XMM-Newton observations of the Lockman Hole and Chandra observations of the Hubble Deep Field North to constrain source count models of the mid-infrared galaxy population. The low dust-enshrouded AGN fraction in ELAIS implied by the number of cross-identifications between the ELAIS mid-infrared sample and the Chandra point sources is encouraging for the use of mid-infrared surveys to constrain the cosmic star formation history, provided there are not further large undetected populations of Compton-thick AGN.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/458/4530
- Title:
- Chandra Galactic Bulge Survey
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/458/4530
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- As part of the Chandra Galactic Bulge Survey (GBS), we present a catalogue of optical sources in the GBS footprint. This consists of two regions centered at Galactic latitude b=1.5{deg} above and below the Galactic Centre, spanning (lxb)=(6{deg}x1{deg}). The catalogue consists of 2 or more epochs of observations for each line of sight in r', i' and H{alpha} filters. The catalogue is complete down to r'=20.2 and i'=19.2mag; the mean 5{sigma} depth is r'=22.5 and i'=21.1mag. The mean root-mean-square residuals of the astrometric solutions is 0.04-arcsec. We cross-correlate this optical catalogue with the 1640 unique X-ray sources detected in Chandra observations of the GBS area, and nd candidate optical counterparts to 1480 X-ray sources. We use a false alarm probability analysis to estimate the contamination by interlopers, and expect ~10 0 per cent of optical counterparts to be chance alignments. To determine the most likely counterpart for each X-ray source, we compute the likelihood ratio for all optical sources within the 4{sigma} X-ray error circle. This analysis yields 1480 potential counterparts (~90 per cent of the sample). 584 counterparts have saturated photometry (r'<=17, i'<=16), indicating these objects are likely foreground sources and the real counterparts. 171 candidate counterparts are detected only in the i' -band. These sources are good qLMXB and CV candidates as they are X-ray bright and likely located in the Bulge.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/578/114
- Title:
- Chandra HRC source in M31
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/578/114
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present results from a 47ks observation of the Andromeda galaxy, M31, using the High Resolution Camera of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. We detect 142 point sources spanning 3 orders of magnitude in luminosity, from L_X_=2x10^35^ to 2x10^38^erg/s in the 0.1-10keV band. The X-ray source location accuracy is better than 1" in the central regions of the galaxy. One source lies within 1.3" of SN 1885 but does not coincide with the UV absorption feature identified as the supernova remnant.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/656/A117
- Title:
- Chandra J1030 Redshift identification
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/656/A117
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We publicly release the spectroscopic and photometric redshift catalog of the sources detected with Chandra in the field of the z=6.3 quasar SDSS J1030+0525. This is currently the fifth deepest X-ray field, and reaches a 0.5-2keV flux limit f_0.5-2_=6x10^-17^erg/s/cm^2^. By using two independent methods, we measure a photometric redshift for 243 objects, while 123 (51%) sources also have a spectroscopic redshift, 110 of which coming from an INAF-Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) Strategic Program. We use the spectroscopic redshifts to determine the quality of the photometric ones, and find it in agreement with that of other X-ray surveys which used a similar number of photometric data-points. In particular, we measure a sample normalized median absolute deviation sigma_NMAD_=1.48xmedia(||z_phot_-z_spec_||/(1+z_spec_)=0.065. We use these new spectroscopic and photometric redshifts to study the properties of the Chandra J1030 field. We observe several peaks in our spectroscopic redshift distribution between z=0.15 and z=1.5, and find that the sources in each peak are often distributed across the whole Chandra field of view. This evidence confirms that X-ray selected AGN can efficiently track large-scale structures over physical scales of several Mpc. Finally, we computed the Chandra J1030 z>3 number counts: while the spectroscopic completeness at high-redshift of our sample is limited, our results point towards a potential source excess at z>=4, which we plan to either confirm or reject in the near future with dedicated spectroscopic campaigns.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/197/24
- Title:
- Chandra large-scale extragalactic jets. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/197/24
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this paper, we report the first stages of an investigation into the X-ray properties of extragalactic jets (XJET project). Our approach is to subject all sources for which X-ray emission has been detected by Chandra to uniform reduction procedures. Using Chandra archival data for 106 such sources, we measure X-ray fluxes in three bands and compare these to radio fluxes. We discuss the sample, the reduction methods, and present first results for the ratio of X-ray to radio flux for jet knots and hotspots. In particular, we apply statistical tests to various distributions of key observational parameters to evaluate differences between the different classes of sources.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/612/848
- Title:
- Chandra LMXB in NGC 1332
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/612/848
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Chandra ACIS-S3 (Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer) observations of the nearby S0 galaxy NGC 1332 resolve much of the X-ray emission into 73 point sources, of which 37 lie within the D_25_ isophote.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/150/94
- Title:
- Chandra Local Volume Survey. I.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/150/94
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present comprehensive X-ray point source catalogs of NGC55, NGC2403, and NGC4214 as part of the Chandra Local Volume Survey. The combined archival observations have effective exposure times of 56.5ks, 190ks, and 79ks for NGC55, NGC2403, and NGC4214, respectively. When combined with our published catalogs for NGC300 and NGC404, our survey contains 629 X-ray sources total down to a limiting unabsorbed luminosity of ~5x10^35^erg/s in the 0.35-8keV band in each of the five galaxies. We present X-ray hardness ratios, spectral analysis, radial source distributions, and an analysis of the temporal variability for the X-ray sources detected at high significance. To constrain the nature of each X-ray source, we carried out cross-correlations with multi-wavelength data sets. We searched overlapping Hubble Space Telescope observations for optical counterparts to our X-ray detections to provide preliminary classifications for each X-ray source as a likely X-ray binary, background active galactic nucleus, supernova remnant, or foreground star.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/763/128
- Title:
- Chandra Local Volume Survey: NGC 404 sources
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/763/128
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a comprehensive X-ray point-source catalog of NGC 404 obtained as part of the Chandra Local Volume Survey. A new 97ks Chandra ACIS-S observation of NGC 404 was combined with archival observations for a total exposure of ~123ks. Our survey yields 74 highly significant X-ray point sources and is sensitive to a limiting unabsorbed luminosity of ~6x10^35^erg/s in the 0.35-8keV band. To constrain the nature of each X-ray source, cross-correlations with multi-wavelength data were generated. We searched overlapping Hubble Space Telescope observations for optical counterparts to our X-ray detections, but find only two X-ray sources with candidate optical counterparts. We find 21 likely low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), although this number is a lower limit due to the difficulties in separating LMXBs from background active galactic nuclei. The X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) in both the soft and hard energy bands are presented. The XLFs in the soft band (0.5-2keV) and the hard band (2-8keV) have a limiting luminosity at the 90% completeness limit of 10^35^erg/s and 10^36^erg/s, respectively, significantly lower than previous X-ray studies of NGC 404. We find the XLFs to be consistent with those of other X-ray populations dominated by LMXBs. However, the number of luminous (>10^37^erg/s) X-ray sources per unit stellar mass in NGC 404 is lower than is observed for other galaxies. The relative lack of luminous XRBs may be due to a population of LMXBs with main-sequence companions formed during an epoch of elevated star formation ~0.5Gyr ago.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/643/238
- Title:
- Chandra/2MASS sources in Cygnus OB2
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/643/238
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A 50ks Chandra observation of the unidentified TeV source in Cygnus reported by the HEGRA collaboration reveals no obvious diffuse X-ray counterpart. However, 240 point-like X-ray sources are detected within or nearby the extended TeV J2032+4130 source region, of which at least 36 are massive stars and two may be radio emitters. That the HEGRA source is a composite, having as a counterpart the multiple point-like X-ray sources we observe, cannot be ruled out. Indeed, the distribution of point-like X-ray sources appears nonuniform and concentrated broadly within the extent of the TeV source region. We offer a hypothesis for the origin of the very high energy gamma-ray emission in Cyg OB2 based on the local acceleration of TeV-range cosmic rays and the differential distribution of OB versus less massive stars in this association.
