- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/427/3103
- Title:
- COSMOS field supermassive black holes
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/427/3103
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using the wide multiband photometry available in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field, we explore the host galaxy properties of a large sample of active galactic nuclei (AGNs; ~1700 objects) with L_bol_ranging from 10^43^ to 10^47^erg/s, obtained by combining X-ray and optical spectroscopic selections. Based on a careful study of their spectral energy distributions, which have been parametrized using a two-component (AGN+galaxy) model fit, we have derived dust-corrected rest-frame magnitudes, colours and stellar masses of the obscured and unobscured AGN hosts up to high redshift (z<~3). Moreover, for the sample of obscured AGNs, we have also derived reliable star formation rates (SFRs). We find that AGN hosts span a large range of stellar masses and SFRs. No colour-bimodality is seen at any redshift in the AGN hosts, which are found to be mainly massive, red galaxies. Once we have accounted for the colour-mass degeneracy in well-defined mass-matched samples, we find a residual (marginal) enhancement of the incidence of AGNs in redder galaxies with lower specific SFRs. We argue that this result might emerge because of our ability to properly account for AGN light contamination and dust extinction, compared to surveys with a more limited multiwavelength coverage. However, because these colour shifts are relatively small, systematic effects could still be considered responsible for some of the observed trends. Interestingly, we find that the probability for a galaxy to host a black hole that is growing at any given `specific accretion rate' (i.e. the ratio of X-ray luminosity to the host stellar mass) is almost independent of the host galaxy mass, while it decreases as a power law with L_X_/M_*_. By analysing the normalization of such a probability distribution, we show how the incidence of AGNs increases with redshift as rapidly as (1 + {\em z})^4^, which closely resembles the overall evolution of the specific SFR of the entire galaxy population. We provide analytical fitting formulae that describe the probability of a galaxy of any mass (above the completeness limit of the COSMOS) to host an AGN of any given specific accretion rate as a function of redshift. These can be useful tools for theoretical studies of the growing population of black holes within galaxy evolution models. Although AGN activity and star formation in galaxies do appear to have a common triggering mechanism, at least in a statistical sense, within the COSMOS sample, we do not find any conclusive evidence to suggest that AGNs have a powerful influence on the star-forming properties of their host galaxies.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/203/15
- Title:
- Counterparts to 1.4GHz sources in ECDF-S
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/203/15
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We study a sample of 883 sources detected in a deep Very Large Array survey at 1.4GHz in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South. This paper focuses on the identification of their optical and infrared (IR) counterparts. We use a likelihood-ratio technique that is particularly useful when dealing with deep optical images to minimize the number of spurious associations. We find a reliable counterpart for 95% of our radio sources. Most of the counterparts (74%) are detected at optical wavelengths, but there is a significant fraction (21%) that are only detectable in the IR. Combining newly acquired optical spectra with data from the literature, we are able to assign a redshift to 81% of the identified radio sources (37% spectroscopic). We also investigate the X-ray properties of the radio sources using the Chandra 4Ms and 250ks observations. In particular, we use a stacking technique to derive the average properties of radio objects undetected in the Chandra images. The results of our analysis are collected in a new catalog containing the position of the optical/IR counterpart, the redshift information, and the X-ray fluxes. It is the deepest multi-wavelength catalog of radio sources, which will be used for future study of this galaxy population.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/160/319
- Title:
- COUP: observations and source lists
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/160/319
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a description of the data reduction methods and the derived catalog of more than 1600 X-ray point sources from the exceptionally deep 2003 January Chandra X-Ray Observatory (Chandra) observation of the Orion Nebula Cluster and embedded populations around OMC-1. The observation was obtained with Chandra's Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) and has been nicknamed the Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project (COUP). With an 838ks exposure made over a continuous period of 13.2 days, the COUP observation provides the most uniform and comprehensive data set on the X-ray emission of normal stars ever obtained in the history of X-ray astronomy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/536/A31
- Title:
- Cyg OB2 XMM observations
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/536/A31
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Cyg OB2 is one of the most massive associations of O-type stars in our Galaxy. Despite the large interstellar reddening towards Cyg OB2, many studies, spanning a wide range of wavelengths, have been conducted to more clearly understand this association. X-ray observations provide a powerful tool to overcome the effect of interstellar absorption and study the most energetic processes associated with the stars in Cyg OB2. We analyse XMM-Newton data to investigate the X-ray and UV properties of massive O-type stars as well as low-mass pre-main sequence stars in Cyg OB2.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/546/A79
- Title:
- 400d Cluster Survey Weak Lensing Programme II
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/546/A79
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Evolution in the mass function of galaxy clusters sensitively traces both the expansion history of the Universe and cosmological structure formation. Robust cluster mass determinations are a key ingredient for a reliable measurement of this evolution, especially at high redshift. Weak gravitational lensing is a promising tool for, on average, unbiased mass estimates. This weak lensing project aims at measuring reliable weak lensing masses for a complete X-ray selected sample of 36 high redshift (0.35<z<0.9) clusters. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the robustness of the methodology against commonly encountered problems, including pure instrumental effects, the presence of bright (8-9mag) stars close to the cluster centre, ground based measurements of high-z (z~0.8) clusters, and the presence of massive unrelated structures along the line-sight.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/617/A64
- Title:
- 3D density & temp. profiles of 5 clusters
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/617/A64
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a detailed study of the integrated total hydrostatic mass profiles of the five most massive (M_500_^SZ^>5x10^14^M_{sun}_) galaxy 500 clusters selected at z~1 via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. These objects represent an ideal laboratory to test structure formation models where the primary driver is gravity. Optimally exploiting spatially-resolved spectroscopic information from XMM-Newton and Chandra observations, we used both parametric (forward, backward) and non-parametric methods to recover the mass profiles, finding that the results are extremely robust when density and temperature measurements are both available. Our X-ray masses at R_500_ are higher than the weak lensing masses obtained from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), with a mean ratio of 1.39^+0.47^_-0.35_. This offset goes in the opposite direction to that expected in a scenario where the hydrostatic method yields a biased, underestimated, mass. We investigated halo shape parameters such as sparsity and concentration, and compared to local X-ray selected clusters, finding hints for evolution in the central regions (or for selection effects). The total baryonic content is in agreement with the cosmic value at R_500_. Comparison with numerical simulations shows that the mass distribution and concentration are in line with expectations. These results illustrate the power of X-ray observations to probe the statistical properties of the gas and total mass profiles in this high-mass, high-redshift regime.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/478/3721
- Title:
- Deep ALMA photometry of distant X-ray AGN
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/478/3721
- Date:
- 10 Dec 2021 00:23:44
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the star formation rates (SFRs) of a sample of 109 galaxies with X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with moderate to high X-ray luminosities (L_2-8keV_=10^42^-10^45^erg/s), at redshifts 1<z<4.7, that were selected to be faint or undetected in the Herschel bands. We combine our deep Atacama large (sub-)millimetre array (ALMA) continuum observations with deblended 8-500um photometry from Spitzer and Herschel, and use infrared (IR) spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting and AGN - star formation decomposition methods. The addition of the ALMA photometry results in an order of magnitude more X-ray AGN in our sample with a measured SFR (now 37%). The remaining 63 % of the sources have SFR upper limits that are typically a factor of 2-10 times lower than the pre-ALMA constraints. With the improved constraints on the IR SEDs, we can now identify a mid-IR (MIR) AGN component in 50% of our sample, compared to only ~1% previously. We further explore the F_870um_/F_24um_ -redshift plane as a tool for the identification of MIR-emitting AGN, for three different samples representing AGN-dominated, star formation-dominated, and composite sources. We demonstrate that the F_870um_/F_24um_ -redshift plane can successfully split between AGN and star formation-dominated sources, and can be used as an AGN identification method.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/766/14
- Title:
- Deep Chandra bulge field X-ray point sources
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/766/14
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Apparently diffuse X-ray emission has been known to exist along the central quarter of the Galactic Plane since the beginning of X-ray astronomy; this is referred to as the Galactic Ridge X-ray emission (GRXE). Recent deep X-ray observations have shown that numerous X-ray point sources account for a large fraction of the GRXE in the hard band (2-8keV). However, the nature of these sources is poorly understood. Using the deepest X-ray observations made in the Chandra bulge field, we present the result of a coherent photometric and spectroscopic analysis of individual X-ray point sources for the purpose of constraining their nature and deriving their fractional contributions to the hard-band continuum and Fe K line emission of the GRXE. Based on the X-ray color-color diagram, we divided the point sources into three groups: A (hard), B (soft and broad spectrum), and C (soft and peaked spectrum). The group A sources are further decomposed spectrally into thermal and non-thermal sources with different fractions in different flux ranges. From their X-ray properties, we speculate that the group A non-thermal sources are mostly active galactic nuclei and the thermal sources are mostly white dwarf (WD) binaries such as magnetic and non-magnetic cataclysmic variables (CVs), pre-CVs, and symbiotic stars, whereas the group B and C sources are X-ray active stars in flares and quiescence, respectively. In the log N-log S curve of the 2-8 keV band, the group A non-thermal sources are dominant above {approx}10^-14^erg/cm2/s, which is gradually taken over by Galactic sources in the fainter flux ranges. The Fe K{alpha} emission is mostly from the group A thermal (WD binaries) and the group B (X-ray active stars) sources.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/204/14
- Title:
- Deep Chandra observations of NGC 4649. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/204/14
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the X-ray source catalog for the Chandra monitoring observations of the elliptical galaxy, NGC 4649 (M60). The galaxy has been observed with Chandra ACIS-S3 in six separate pointings, reaching a total exposure of 299ks. There are 501 X-ray sources detected in the 0.3-8.0keV band in the merged observation or in one of the six individual observations; 399 sources are located within the D_25_ ellipse. The observed 0.3-8.0keV luminosities of these 501 sources range from 9.3x10^36^erg/s to 5.4x10^39^erg/s. The 90% detection completeness limit within the D_25_ ellipse is 5.5x10^37^erg/s. Based on the surface density of background active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and detection completeness, we expect ~45 background AGNs among the catalog sources (~15 within the D_25_ ellipse). There are nine sources with luminosities greater than 10^39^erg/s, which are candidates for ultraluminous X-ray sources. The nuclear source of NGC 4649 is a low-luminosity AGN, with an intrinsic 2.0-8.0keV X-ray luminosity of 1.5x10^38^erg/s. The X-ray colors suggest that the majority of the catalog sources are low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). We find that 164 of the 501 X-ray sources show long-term variability, indicating that they are accreting compact objects. We discover four transient candidates and another four potential transients. We also identify 173 X-ray sources (141 within the D_25_ ellipse) that are associated with globular clusters (GCs) based on Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based data; these LMXBs tend to be hosted by red GCs. Although NGC 4649 has a much larger population of X-ray sources than the structurally similar early-type galaxies, NGC 3379 and NGC 4278, the X-ray source properties are comparable in all three systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/213/23
- Title:
- Deep Chandra obs. of the giant HII region N11 in LMC
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/213/23
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A very sensitive X-ray investigation of the giant H II region N11 in the Large Megallanic Cloud was performed using the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The 300ks observation reveals X-ray sources with luminosities down to 10^32^erg/s, increasing the number of known point sources in the field by more than a factor of five. Among these detections are 13 massive stars (3 compact groups of massive stars, 9 O stars, and one early B star) with log (L_X_/L_BOL_)~-6.5 to -7, which may suggest that they are highly magnetic or colliding-wind systems. On the other hand, the stacked signal for regions corresponding to undetected O stars yields log (L_X_/L_BOL_)~-7.3, i.e., an emission level comparable to similar Galactic stars despite the lower metallicity. Other point sources coincide with 11 foreground stars, 6 late-B/A stars in N11, and many background objects. This observation also uncovers the extent and detailed spatial properties of the soft, diffuse emission regions, but the presence of some hotter plasma in their spectra suggests contamination by the unresolved stellar population.
