- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/775/63
- Title:
- Gould's Belt VLA Survey. I. Ophiuchus complex
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/775/63
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present large-scale (~2000arcmin^2^), deep (~20{mu}Jy), high-resolution (~1") radio observations of the Ophiuchus star-forming complex obtained with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array at {lambda}=4 and 6cm. In total, 189 sources were detected, 56 of them associated with known young stellar sources, and 4 with known extragalactic objects; the other 129 remain unclassified, but most of them are most probably background quasars. The vast majority of the young stars detected at radio wavelengths have spectral types K or M, although we also detect four objects of A/F/B types and two brown dwarf candidates. At least half of these young stars are non-thermal (gyrosynchrotron) sources, with active coronas characterized by high levels of variability, negative spectral indices, and (in some cases) significant circular polarization. As expected, there is a clear tendency for the fraction of non-thermal sources to increase from the younger (Class 0/I or flat spectrum) to the more evolved (Class III or weak line T Tauri) stars. The young stars detected both in X-rays and at radio wavelengths broadly follow a Gudel-Benz relation, but with a different normalization than the most radioactive types of stars. Finally, we detect a ~70mJy compact extragalactic source near the center of the Ophiuchus core, which should be used as gain calibrator for any future radio observations of this region.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/428/729
- Title:
- GRB Swift X-ray light curves analysis
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/428/729
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a comprehensive statistical analysis of Swift X-ray light curves of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) collecting data from more than 650 GRBs discovered by Swift and other facilities. The unprecedented sample size allows us to constrain the rest-frame X-ray properties of GRBs from a statistical perspective, with particular reference to intrinsic time-scales and the energetics of the different light-curve phases in a common rest-frame 0.3-30keV energy band. Temporal variability episodes are also studied and their properties constrained. Two fundamental questions drive this effort: (i) Does the X-ray emission retain any kind of 'memory' of the prompt {gamma}-ray phase? (ii) Where is the dividing line between long and short GRB X-ray properties? We show that short GRBs decay faster, are less luminous and less energetic than long GRBs in the X-rays, but are interestingly characterized by similar intrinsic absorption. We furthermore reveal the existence of a number of statistically significant relations that link the X-ray to prompt {gamma}-ray parameters in long GRBs; short GRBs are outliers of the majority of these two-parameter relations. However and more importantly, we report on the existence of a universal three-parameter scaling that links the X-ray and the {gamma}-ray energy to the prompt spectral peak energy of both long and short GRBs: E_X,iso_{prop.to}E^1.00+/-0.06^_{gamma},iso_/E^0.60+/-0.10^_pk_.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/880/76
- Title:
- 6 GRBs with Swift XRT and Fermi GBM obs.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/880/76
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The jet photosphere has been proposed as the origin for the gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission. In many such models, characteristic features in the spectra appear below the energy range of the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) detectors, so joint fits with X-ray data are important in order to assess the photospheric scenario. Here we consider a particular photospheric model which assumes localized subphotospheric dissipation by internal shocks in a non-magnetized outflow. We investigate it using Bayesian inference and a sample of eight GRBs with known redshifts which are observed simultaneously with Fermi GBM and the Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT). This provides us with an energy range of 0.3keV-40MeV and much tighter parameter constraints. We analyze 32 spectra and find that 16 are well described by the model. We also find that the estimates of the bulk Lorentz factor, {Gamma}, and the fireball luminosity, L_0,52_, decrease while the fraction of dissipated energy, {epsilon}_d_, increases in the joint fits compared to GBM-only fits. These changes are caused by a small excess of counts in the XRT data, relative to the model predictions from fits to GBM-only data. The fact that our limited implementation of the physical scenario yields 50% accepted spectra is promising, and we discuss possible model revisions in the light of the new data. Specifically, we argue that the inclusion of significant magnetization, as well as removing the assumption of internal shocks, will provide better fits at low energies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/826/45
- Title:
- GRB X-ray afterglows light curves analysis
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/826/45
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a correlation between the average temporal decay ({alpha}_X,avg,>200s_) and early-time luminosity (L_X,200s_) of X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts as observed by the Swift X-ray Telescope. Both quantities are measured relative to a rest-frame time of 200s after the {gamma}-ray trigger. The luminosity-average decay correlation does not depend on specific temporal behavior and contains one scale-independent quantity minimizing the role of selection effects. This is a complementary correlation to that discovered by Oates et al. (2012MNRAS.426L..86O, 2015MNRAS.453.4121O) in the optical light curves observed by the Swift Ultraviolet Optical Telescope. The correlation indicates that, on average, more luminous X-ray afterglows decay faster than less luminous ones, indicating some relative mechanism for energy dissipation. The X-ray and optical correlations are entirely consistent once corrections are applied and contamination is removed. We explore the possible biases introduced by different light-curve morphologies and observational selection effects, and how either geometrical effects or intrinsic properties of the central engine and jet could explain the observed correlation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/884/59
- Title:
- GRB X-ray flare temporal and spectral properties
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/884/59
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be divided into three subclasses: X-ray flash (XRF), X-ray rich (XRR), and classical GRB (C-GRB). An X-ray flare is the rebrightening emission shown in the early X-ray afterglow of some GRBs. In this paper, we comprehensively examine the X-ray flare properties among XRF, XRR, and C-GRB subclasses. We utilize the XRF, XRR, and C-GRB subclass samples obtained from the Swift-BAT3 catalog, and the X-ray flare observational properties are collected from Falcone+ (2007ApJ...671.1921F), Chincarini+ (2010MNRAS.406.2113C), and Yi+ (2016, J/ApJS/224/20). We find that XRFs and XRRs have more bright X-ray flares than C-GRBs. The ratio of the X-ray flare fluence to the prompt emission fluence has different distributions between XRF and C-GRB subclasses. The linear correlation between the duration and the peak time of the X-ray flares is also different between XRF and C-GRB subclasses. We are inclined to identify the GRBs with the bright X-ray flares as XRFs or XRRs. We discuss some issues that are related to the XRF/XRR/C-GRB classification. We also caution the selection effects and the instrument bias in our investigation. Large samples are required in the future to further confirm our results.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/154/96
- Title:
- Groups of galaxies from from SDSS-DR7
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/154/96
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We investigate the dependence of stellar population properties of galaxies on group dynamical stage for a subsample of the Yang catalog. We classify groups according to their galaxy velocity distribution into Gaussian (G) and Non-Gaussian (NG). Using two totally independent approaches, we have shown that our measurement of Gaussianity is robust and reliable. Our sample covers Yang's groups in the redshift range 0.03{<=}z{<=}0.1, with mass {>=}10^14^M_{Sun}_. The new method, called Hellinger Distance, to determine whether a group has a velocity distribution Gaussian or NG is very effective in distinguishing between the two families. NG groups present halo masses higher than the G ones, confirming previous findings. Examining the skewness and kurtosis of the velocity distribution of G and NG groups, we find that faint galaxies in NG groups are mainly infalling, for the first time, into the groups. We show that considering only faint galaxies in the outskirts; those in NG groups are older and more metal-rich than those in G groups. Also, examining the Projected Phase Space of cluster galaxies, we see that bright and faint galactic systems in G groups are in dynamical equilibrium-which does not seem to be the case in NG groups. These findings suggest that NG systems have a higher infall rate, assembling more galaxies that have experienced preprocessing before entering the group.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/NatAs/4.1072
- Title:
- HaloSat survey of southern Galactic halo
- Short Name:
- J/other/NatAs/4.
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Milky Way galaxy is surrounded by a circumgalactic medium (CGM) that may play a key role in galaxy evolution as the source of gas for star formation and a repository of metals and energy produced by star formation and nuclear activity. The CGM may also be a repository for baryons seen in the early universe, but undetected locally. The CGM has an ionized component at temperatures near 2x10^6^K studied primarily in the soft X-ray band. Here we report a survey of the southern Galactic sky with a soft X-ray spectrometer optimized to study diffuse soft X-ray emission. The X-ray emission is best fit with a disc-like model based on the radial profile of the surface density of molecular hydrogen, a tracer of star formation, suggesting that the X-ray emission is predominantly from hot plasma produced via stellar feedback. Strong variations in the X-ray emission on angular scales of ~10 degrees indicate that the CGM is clumpy. Addition of an extended, and possibly massive, halo component is needed to match the halo density inferred from other observations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/884/162
- Title:
- HaloSat targets to study the hot Galactic halo
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/884/162
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- HaloSat is a small satellite (CubeSat) designed to map soft X-ray oxygen line emission across the sky in order to constrain the mass and spatial distribution of hot gas in the Milky Way. The goal of HaloSat is to help determine if hot gas gravitationally bound to individual galaxies makes a significant contribution to the cosmological baryon budget. HaloSat was deployed from the International Space Station in 2018 July and began routine science operations in 2018 October. We describe the goals and design of the mission, the on-orbit performance of the science instrument, and initial observations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/406/535
- Title:
- Hamburg/RASS Cat. of optical ident. V3.0
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/406/535
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the Hamburg/RASS Catalogue (HRC) of optical identifications of X-ray sources at high-galactic latitude. The HRC includes all X-ray sources from the ROSAT Bright Source Catalogue (RASS-BSC) with galactic latitude |b|>=30{deg} and declination DE>=0{deg}. In this part of the sky covering ~10 000 deg^2^ the RASS-BSC contains 5341 X-ray sources. For the optical identification we used blue Schmidt prism and direct plates taken for the northern hemisphere Hamburg Quasar Survey (HQS) which are now available in digitized form. The limiting magnitudes are 18.5 and 20, respectively. For 82% of the selected RASS-BSC an identification could be given. For the rest either no counterpart was visible in the error circle or a plausible identification was not possible. With ~42% AGN represent the largest group of X-ray emitters, ~31% have a stellar counterpart, whereas galaxies and cluster of galaxies comprise only ~4% and ~5%, respectively. In ~3% of the RASS-BSC sources no object was visible on our blue direct plates within 40" around the X-ray source position. The catalogue is used as a source for the selection of (nearly) complete samples of the various classes of X-ray emitters.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/466/823
- Title:
- Hard 2-10kev X-ray selected sources
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/466/823
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Chandra and Spitzer data for the 186, extragalactic, hard 2-10keV X-ray selected sources, which lie in the central part of the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS). For the vast majority of sources (99.5%), there is a spectroscopic or photometric redshift available. We classify 17 sources as X-ray obscured QSOs, strictly according to X-ray criteria, i.e. defined as having large hydrogen column densities (NH>10^22cm^-2^) and luminosities (LX>10^44^erg/s). The surface density of X-ray obscured QSOs is ~210{deg}^-2^. We find 18 candidate Compton-thick NH>10^24^cm^-2^ sources, of which three have QSO luminosities (LX>10^44^erg/s). The X-ray obscured QSO comprise a mixed bag of objects, covering the redshift range z=1.3-4.3. Eight of these show narrow-line optical spectra, two show no obscuration in their optical spectra that present broad lines, while for the other seven there is only a photometric redshift available. About half of the X-ray obscured QSOs show high X-ray to optical flux ratios, X/O>1, and red colours, I-3.6{mu}m>4. Combining the X-ray with the mid-IR 8{mu}m or 24{mu}m flux can be used as an additional diagnostic to sift out the heavily obscured AGN. All X-ray selected QSOs present red mid-IR colours and can be easily separated among mid-IR sources, demonstrating that mid-IR selection provides a powerful tool for detecting obscured QSOs.
