- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/681/1163
- Title:
- Late-type galaxies in Chandra deep fields
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/681/1163
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report on the X-ray evolution over the last ~9Gyr of cosmic history (i.e., since z=1.4) of late-type galaxy populations in the Chandra Deep Field-North and Extended Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-N and E-CDF-S, respectively; jointly CDFs) survey fields. Our late-type galaxy sample consists of 2568 galaxies, which were identified using rest-frame optical colors and HST morphologies. We utilized X-ray stacking analyses to investigate the X-ray emission from these galaxies, emphasizing the contributions from normal galaxies that are not dominated by active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Over this redshift range, we find significant increases (factors of ~5-10) in the X-ray-to-optical mean luminosity ratio (L_X_/L_B_) and the X-ray-to-stellar mass mean ratio (L_X_/M_*_) for galaxy populations selected by L_B_ and M_*_, respectively. When analyzing galaxy samples selected via SFR, we find that the mean X-ray-to-SFR ratio (L_X_/SFR) is consistent with being constant over the entire redshift range for galaxies with SFR=1-100M_{sun}_/yr, thus demonstrating that X-ray emission can be used as a robust indicator of star formation activity out to z~1.4. We find that the star formation activity (as traced by X-ray luminosity) per unit stellar mass in a given redshift bin increases with decreasing stellar mass over the redshift range z=0.2-1, which is consistent with previous studies of how star formation activity depends on stellar mass. Finally, we extend our X-ray analyses to Lyman break galaxies at z~3 and estimate that L_X_/L_B_ at z~3 is similar to its value at z=1.4.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/348/253
- Title:
- Late type giants and supergiants in X-Ray
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/348/253
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Results are presented of an extensive X-ray survey of 380 giant and supergiant stars of spectral types from F to M, carried out with the Einstein Observatory. It was found that the observed F giants or subgiants (slightly evolved stars with a mass M less than about 2 solar masses) are X-ray emitters at the same level of main-sequence stars of similar spectral type. The G giants show a range of emission more than 3 orders of magnitude wide; some single G giants exist with X-ray luminosities comparable to RS CVn systems, while some nearby large G giants have upper limits on the X-ray emission below typical solar values. The K giants have an observed X-ray emission level significantly lower than F and F giants. None of the 29 M giants were detected, except for one spectroscopic binary.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/833/159
- Title:
- Late X-ray emission of binary-driven hypernovae
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/833/159
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- It has previously been discovered that there is a universal power-law behavior exhibited by the late X-ray emission (LXRE) of a "golden sample" of six long energetic GRBs, when observed in the rest frame of the source. This remarkable feature, independent of the different isotropic energy (E_iso_) of each GRB, has been used to estimate the cosmological redshift of some long GRBs. This analysis is extended here to a new class of 161 long GRBs, all with E_iso_>10^52^erg. These GRBs are indicated as binary-driven hypernovae (BdHNe) in view of their progenitors: a tight binary system composed of a carbon-oxygen core (CO_core_) and a neutron star undergoing an induced gravitational collapse (IGC) to a black hole triggered by the CO_core_ explosion as a supernova (SN).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/406/1318
- Title:
- Lensed-arc statistics of galaxy clusters
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/406/1318
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The statistics of strongly lensed arcs in samples of galaxy clusters provide information on cluster structure that is complementary to that from individual clusters. However, samples of clusters that have been analysed to date have been either small, heterogeneous or observed with limited angular resolution. We measure the lensed-arc statistics of 97 clusters imaged at high angular resolution with the Hubble Space Telescope, identifying lensed arcs using two automated arc-detection algorithms. The sample includes similar numbers of X-ray-selected [MAssive Cluster Survey (MACS)] and optically selected [Red-Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS)] clusters, and spans cluster redshifts in the range 0.2<z<1. We compile a catalogue of 42 arcs in the X-ray-selected subsample and seven arcs in the optical subsample. All but five of these arcs are reported here for the first time.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/219/18
- Title:
- LIRAS: LoCuSS IR AGN survey
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/219/18
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a sample of 290 24{mu}m-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) mostly at z~0.3-2.5, within 5.2{deg}^2^ distributed as 25'x25' fields around each of 30 galaxy clusters in the Local Cluster Substructure Survey. The sample is nearly complete to 1mJy at 24{mu}m, and has a rich multiwavelength set of ancillary data; 162 are detected by Herschel. We use spectral templates for AGNs, stellar populations, and infrared (IR) emission by star-forming galaxies to decompose the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these AGNs and their host galaxies, and estimate their star formation rates, AGN luminosities, and host galaxy stellar masses. The set of templates is relatively simple: a standard Type-1 quasar template; another for the photospheric output of the stellar population; and a far-infrared star-forming template. For the Type-2 AGN SEDs, we substitute templates including internal obscuration, and some Type-1 objects require a warm component (T>~50K). The individually Herschel-detected Type-1 AGNs and a subset of 17 Type-2 AGNs typically have luminosities >10^45^erg/s, and supermassive black holes of ~3x10^8^M_{sun}_ emitting at ~10% of the Eddington rate. We find them in about twice the numbers of AGNs identified in SDSS data in the same fields, i.e., they represent typical high-luminosity AGNs, not an IR-selected minority. These AGNs and their host galaxies are studied further in an accompanying paper.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/344/521
- Title:
- LMC variable X-ray sources
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/344/521
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The ROSAT PSPC (Cat. <IX/11>) performed more than 200 pointed observations of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) between 1990 and 1994. Most of the LMC was covered more than once and a large fraction at least ten times, making the PSPC observations an in valuable archive to study long-term time variability in the LMC. We performed a systematic search for variable X-ray sources in the LMC and found 27 sources which showed flux variations by factors between 3 and more than 1000. A comparison of the temporal and spectral characteristics of 15 X-ray sources which are not yet identified optically with those of the previously known sources in our sample allows to draw first conclusions about their nature. Up to six of the unidentified sources are promising candidates for high mass X-ray binaries in the LMC. Six sources are probably foreground stars, two soft objects might be supersoft sources and one source could be a black hole candidate. Most of the X-ray binary candidates are found in the area of the LMC 4 supergiant shell leading to a significant concentration of such systems in that region, consistent with the idea of being born in the stellar formation event which created the shell.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/139/277
- Title:
- LMC X-ray sources ROSAT PSPC catalogue
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/139/277
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyzed more than 200 ROSAT PSPC observations in a 10 by 10 degree field centered on the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and performed between 1990 and 1994 to derive a catalogue of X-ray sources. The list contains 758 sources with their X-ray properties. From cross-correlations of the PSPC catalogue with the SIMBAD data base and literature searches we give likely identifications for 144 X-ray sources based on positional coincidence, but taking into account X-ray properties like hardness ratios and source extent. 46 known sources are associated with supernova remnants (SNRs) and candidates in the LMC, most of them already detected by previous X-ray missions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/662/525
- Title:
- LMXBs in globular clusters of 5 galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/662/525
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an analysis of LMXBs and GCs in five early-type galaxies using Chandra X-ray and HST optical data. Of the 186 LMXBs within the optical fields of view, 71 are in GCs, confirming that LMXBs are formed particularly efficiently in clusters due to dynamical interactions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/615/887
- Title:
- Localization of SGR 1627-41 and AXP 1E1841-045
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/615/887
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present precise localizations of AXP 1E1841-045 and SGR 1627-41 with Chandra. We obtained new infrared observations of SGR 1627-41 and reanalyzed archival observations of AXP 1E1841-045 in order to refine their positions and search for infrared counterparts.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/473/105
- Title:
- Lockman Hole AGN variability with XMM
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/473/105
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This paper presents the results of a study of X-ray spectral and flux variability on time scales from months to years, of the 123 brightest objects (including 46 type-1 AGN and 28 type-2 AGN) detected with XMM-Newton in the Lockman Hole field. We detected flux variability with a significance >=3{sigma} in ~50% of the objects, including 68+/-11% and 48+/-15% among our samples of type-1 and type-2 AGN. However we found that the fraction of sources with best quality light curves that exhibit flux variability on the time scales sampled by our data is >=80%, i.e the great majority of the AGN population may actually vary in flux on long time scales. The mean relative intrinsic amplitude of flux variability was found to be ~0.15 although with a large dispersion in measured values, from ~0.1 to ~0.65. The flux variability properties of our samples of AGN (fraction of variable objects and amplitude of variability) do not significantly depend on the redshift or X-ray luminosity of the objects and seem to be similar for the two AGN types. Using a broad band X-ray colour we found that the fraction of sources showing spectral variability with a significance >=3{sigma} is ~40% i.e. less common than flux variability. Spectral variability was found to be more common in type-2 AGN than in type-1 AGN with a significance of more than 99%. This result is consistent with the fact that part of the soft emission in type-2 AGN comes from scattered radiation, and this component is expected to be much less variable than the hard component. The observed flux and spectral variability properties of our objects and especially the lack of correlation between flux and spectral variability in most of them cannot be explained as being produced by variability of one spectral component alone, for example changes in Gamma associated with changes in the mass accretion rate, or variability in the amount of X-ray absorption. At least two spectral components must vary in order to explain the X-ray variability of our objects.
