- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/219/21
- Title:
- Deep NIR survey toward Aquila. I. MHOs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/219/21
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have performed an unbiased, deep near-infrared survey toward the Aquila molecular cloud with a sky coverage of ~1deg^2^. We identified 45 molecular hydrogen emission-line objects (MHOs), of which only 11 were previously known. Using the Spitzer archival data, we also identified 802 young stellar objects (YSOs) in this region. Based on the morphology and the location of MHOs and YSO candidates, we associate 43 MHOs with 40 YSO candidates. The distribution of jet length shows an exponential decrease in the number of outflows with increasing length, and the molecular hydrogen outflows seem to be oriented randomly. Moreover, there is no obvious correlation between jet lengths, jet opening angles, or jet H_2_ 1-0 S(1) luminosities and the spectral indices of the possible driving sources in this region. We also suggest that molecular hydrogen outflows in the Aquila molecular cloud are rather weak sources of turbulence, unlikely to generate the observed velocity dispersion in the region of survey.
Number of results to display per page
Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/891/81
- Title:
- Deep optical and infrared photometry of Sh2-305
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/891/81
- Date:
- 17 Jan 2022 00:38:10
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using our deep optical and near-infrared photometry along with multiwavelength archival data, we here present a detailed study of the Galactic HII region Sh 2-305 to understand the star/star-cluster formation. On the basis of excess infrared emission, we have identified 116 young stellar objects (YSOs) within a field of view of ~18.5'x18.5' around Sh 2-305. The average age, mass, and extinction (AV) for this sample of YSOs are 1.8Myr, 2.9M_{sun}_, and 7.1mag, respectively. The density distribution of stellar sources along with minimal spanning tree calculations on the location of YSOs reveals at least three stellar subclusterings in Sh 2-305. One cluster is seen toward the center (i.e., Mayer 3), while the other two are distributed toward the north and south directions. Two massive O-type stars (VM2 and VM4; ages ~5Myr) are located at the center of the Sh 2-305 HII region. The analysis of the infrared and radio maps traces the photon-dominant regions (PDRs) in Sh 2-305. The association of the younger generation of stars with the PDRs is also investigated in Sh2-305. This result suggests that these two massive stars might have influenced the star formation history in Sh 2-305. This argument is also supported by the calculation of various pressures driven by massive stars, the slope of the mass function/K-band luminosity function, star formation efficiency, fraction of Class I sources, and mass of the dense gas toward the subclusterings in Sh 2-305.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/710/1247
- Title:
- Dense cores in Gould Belt clouds
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/710/1247
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using data from the SCUBA Legacy Catalogue (850um) and Spitzer Space Telescope (3.6-70um), we explore dense cores in the Ophiuchus, Taurus, Perseus, Serpens, and Orion molecular clouds. We develop a new method to discriminate submillimeter cores found by Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) as starless or protostellar, using point source photometry from Spitzer wide field surveys. First, we identify infrared sources with red colors associated with embedded young stellar objects (YSOs). Second, we compare the positions of these YSO candidates to our submillimeter cores. With these identifications, we construct new, self-consistent starless and protostellar core mass functions (CMFs) for the five clouds. We find best-fit slopes to the high-mass end of the CMFs of -1.26+/-0.20, -1.22+/-0.06, -0.95+/-0.20, and -1.67+/-0.72 for Ophiuchus, Taurus, Perseus, and Orion, respectively.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/696/298
- Title:
- Dense cores in Perseus
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/696/298
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the chemistry, temperature, and dynamical state of a sample of 193 dense cores or core candidates in the Perseus Molecular cloud and compare the properties of cores associated with young stars and clusters with those which are not. The combination of our NH3 and CCS observations with previous millimeter, submillimeter, and Spitzer data available for this cloud enables us both to determine core properties precisely and to accurately classify cores as starless or protostellar.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/620/A52
- Title:
- DIB properties in lines of sight to M17
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/620/A52
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are broad absorption features measured in sightlines probing the diffuse interstellar medium. Although large carbon-bearing molecules have been proposed as the carriers producing DIBs, their identity remains unknown. DIBs make an important contribution to the extinction curve; the sightline. to the young massive star-forming region M17 shows anomalous extinction in the sense that the total-to-selective extinction parameter (R_V_) differs significantly from the average Galactic value and may reach values R_V_>4. Anomalous DIBs have been reported in the sightline towards Herschel 36 (R_V_=5.5), in the massive star-forming region M8. Higher values of R_V_ have been associated with a relatively higher fraction of large dust grains in the line of sight. Given the high R_V_ values, we investigate whether the DIBs in sightlines towards young OB stars in M17 show a peculiar behaviour. We measure the properties of the most prominent DIBs in M17 and study these as a function of E(B-V) and R_V_. We also analyse the gaseous and dust components contributing to the interstellar extinction. The DIB strengths in M17 concur with the observed relations between DIB equivalent width and reddening E(B-V) in Galactic sightlines. For several DIBs we discover a linear relation between the normalised DIB strength EW/A_V_ and R_V_^-1^. These trends suggest two groups of DIBs: (i) a group of ten moderately strong DIBs that show a sensitivity to changes in R_V_ that is modest and proportional to DIB strength, and (ii) a group of four very strong DIBs that react sensitively and to a similar degree to changes in R_V_, but in a way that does not appear to depend on DIB strength. DIB behaviour as a function of reddening is not peculiar in sightlines to M17. Also, we do not detect anomalous DIB profiles like those seen in Herschel 36. DIBs are stronger, per unit visual extinction, in sightlines characterised by a lower value of R_V_, i.e. those sightlines that contain a relatively large fraction of small dust particles. New relations between extinction normalised DIB strengths, EW/A_V_, and R_V_ support the idea that DIB carriers and interstellar dust are intimately connected. Furthermore, given the distinct behaviour of two groups of DIBs, different types of carriers do not necessarily relate to the dust grains in a similar way.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/734/98
- Title:
- DISCS. II. Southern sky disk data
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/734/98
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This is the second in a series of papers based on data from DISCS, a Submillimeter Array observing program aimed at spatially and spectrally resolving the chemical composition of 12 protoplanetary disks. We present data on six Southern sky sources -IM Lup, SAO 206462 (HD 135344b), HD 142527, AS 209, AS 205, and V4046 Sgr- which complement the six sources in the Taurus star-forming region reported previously. CO 2-1 and HCO^+^ 3-2 emission are detected and resolved in all disks and show velocity patterns consistent with Keplerian rotation. Where detected, the emission from DCO^+^ 3-2, N_2_H^+^ 3-2, H_2_CO 3_0 3_-2_0 2_ and 4_1 4_-3_1 3_, HCN 3-2, and CN 2_3 3/4/2_-1_2 2/3/1_ are also generally spatially resolved. The detection rates are highest toward the M and K stars, while the F star SAO 206462 has only weak CN and HCN emission, and H2CO alone is detected toward HD 142527.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/452/637
- Title:
- Distance-limited sample of MYSOs
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/452/637
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyse C^18^O (J=3-2) data from a sample of 99 infrared (IR)-bright massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) and compact HII regions that were identified as potential molecular-outflow sources in the Red MSX Source survey. We extract a distance-limited (D<6kpc) sample shown to be representative of star formation covering the transition between the source types. At the spatial resolution probed, Larson-like relationships are found for these cores, though the alternative explanation, that Larson's relations arise where surface-density-limited samples are considered, is also consistent with our data. There are no significant differences found between source properties for the MYSOs and HII regions, suggesting that the core properties are established prior to the formation of massive stars, which subsequently have little impact at the later evolutionary stages investigated. There is a strong correlation between dust-continuum and C^18^O-gas masses, supporting the interpretation that both trace the same material in these IR-bright sources. A clear linear relationship is seen between the independently established core masses and luminosities. The position of MYSOs and compact HII regions in the mass-luminosity plane is consistent with the luminosity expected from the most massive protostar in the cluster when using an ~40 percent star formation efficiency and indicates that they are at a similar evolutionary stage, near the end of the accretion phase.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/619/A106
- Title:
- 3D shape of Orion A from Gaia DR2
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/619/A106
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use the Gaia DR2 distances of about 700 mid-infrared selected young stellar objects in the benchmark giant molecular cloud Orion A to infer its 3D shape and orientation. We find that Orion A is not the fairly straight filamentary cloud that we see in (2D) projection, but instead a cometary-like cloud oriented toward the Galactic plane, with two distinct components: a denser and enhanced star-forming (bent) Head, and a lower density and star-formation quieter ~75pc long Tail. The true extent of Orion A is not the projected ~40pc but ~90pc, making it by far the largest molecular cloud in the local neighborhood. Its aspect ratio (~30:1) and high column-density fraction (~45%) make it similar to large-scale Milky Way filaments ("bones"), despite its distance to the galactic mid-plane being an order of magnitude larger than typically found for these structures.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/869/L41
- Title:
- DSHARP I. Sample, ALMA obs. log and overview
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/869/L41
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We introduce the Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP), one of the initial large programs conducted with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The primary goal of DSHARP is to find and characterize substructures in the spatial distributions of solid particles for a sample of 20 nearby protoplanetary disks, using very high resolution (~0.035", or 5au, Full width half maximum (FWHM)) observations of their 240GHz (1.25mm) continuum emission. These data provide a first homogeneous look at the small-scale features in disks that are directly relevant to the planet formation process, quantifying their prevalence, morphologies, spatial scales, spacings, symmetry, and amplitudes, for targets with a variety of disk and stellar host properties. We find that these substructures are ubiquitous in this sample of large, bright disks. They are most frequently manifested as concentric, narrow emission rings and depleted gaps, although large-scale spiral patterns and small arc-shaped azimuthal asymmetries are also present in some cases. These substructures are found at a wide range of disk radii (from a few astronomical units to more than 100au), are usually compact (<=10au), and show a wide range of amplitudes (brightness contrasts). Here we discuss the motivation for the project, describe the survey design and the sample properties, detail the observations and data calibration, highlight some basic results, and provide a general overview of the key conclusions that are presented in more detail in a series of accompanying articles.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/439/3719
- Title:
- Embedded clusters infrared photometry
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/439/3719
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Spitzer, near-IR (NIR) and millimetre observations of the massive star-forming regions W5-east, S235, S252, S254-S258 and NGC 7538. Spitzer data is combined with NIR observations to identify and classify the young population while ^12^CO and ^13^CO observations are used to examine the parental molecular cloud. We detect in total 3021 young stellar objects (YSOs). Of those, 539 are classified as Class I, and 1186 as Class II sources. YSOs are distributed in groups surrounded by a more scattered population. Class I sources are more hierarchically organized than Class II and associated with the most dense molecular material. We identify in total 41 embedded clusters containing between 52 and 73 per cent of the YSOs. Clusters are in general non-virialized, turbulent and have star formation efficiencies between 5 and 50 per cent. We compare the physical properties of embedded clusters harbouring massive stars (MEC) and low-mass embedded clusters (LEC) and find that both groups follow similar correlations where the MEC are an extrapolation of the LEC. The mean separation between MEC members is smaller compared to the cluster Jeans length than for LEC members. These results are in agreement with a scenario where stars are formed in hierarchically distributed dusty filaments where fragmentation is mainly driven by turbulence for the more massive clusters. We find several young OB-type stars having IR-excess emission which may be due to the presence of an accretion disc.
