- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/833/85
- Title:
- Multi-wavelength analysis of the MIR bubble N37
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/833/85
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have performed a multi-wavelength analysis of a mid-infrared (MIR) bubble N37 and its surrounding environment. The selected 15'x15' area around the bubble contains two molecular clouds (N37 cloud; V_lsr_~37-43km/s, and C25.29+0.31; V_lsr_~43-48km/s) along the line of sight. A total of seven OB stars are identified toward the bubble N37 using photometric criteria, and two of them are spectroscopically confirmed as O9V and B0V stars. The spectro-photometric distances of these two sources confirm their physical association with the bubble. The O9V star appears to be the primary ionizing source of the region, which is also in agreement with the desired Lyman continuum flux analysis estimated from the 20cm data. The presence of the expanding HII region is revealed in the N37 cloud, which could be responsible for the MIR bubble. Using the ^13^CO line data and photometric data, several cold molecular condensations as well as clusters of young stellar objects (YSOs) are identified in the N37 cloud, revealing ongoing star formation (SF) activities. However, the analysis of ages of YSOs and the dynamical age of the HII region do not support the origin of SF due to the influence of OB stars. The position-velocity analysis of ^13^CO data reveals that two molecular clouds are interconnected by a bridge-like structure, favoring the onset of a cloud-cloud collision process. The SF activities (i.e., the formation of YSO clusters and OB stars) in the N37 cloud are possibly influenced by the cloud-cloud collision.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/144/101
- Title:
- Multiwavelength data of IRAS 20050+2720 young SFR
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/144/101
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- IRAS 20050+2720 is young star-forming region at a distance of 700pc without apparent high-mass stars. We present results of our multi-wavelength study of IRAS 20050+2720 which includes observations by Chandra and Spitzer, and Two Micron All Sky Survey and UBVRI photometry. In total, about 300 young stellar objects (YSOs) in different evolutionary stages are found. We characterize the distribution of YSOs in this region using a minimum spanning tree analysis. We newly identify a second cluster core, which consists mostly of class II objects, about 10' from the center of the cloud. YSOs of earlier evolutionary stages are more clustered than more evolved objects. The X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of IRAS 20050+2720 is roughly lognormal, but steeper than the XLF of the more massive Orion Nebula complex. IRAS 20050+2720 shows a lower N_H_/A_K_ ratio compared with the diffuse interstellar medium.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/600/A93
- Title:
- Multiwavelength fluxes of RCW120
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/600/A93
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The expansion of HII regions can trigger the formation of stars. An overdensity of young stellar objects (YSOs) is observed at the edges of HII regions but the mechanisms that give rise to this phenomenon are not clearly identified. Moreover, it is difficult to establish a causal link between HII-region expansion and the star formation observed at the edges of these regions. A clear age gradient observed in the spatial distribution of young sources in the surrounding might be a strong argument in favor of triggering. We have observed the Galactic HII region RCW120 with Herschel PACS and SPIRE photometers at 70, 100, 160, 250, 350 and 500um. We produced temperature and H_2_ column density maps and use the getsources algorithm to detect compact sources and measure their fluxes at Herschel wavelengths. We have complemented these fluxes with existing infrared data. Fitting their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with a modified blackbody model, we derived their envelope dust temperature and envelope mass. We computed their bolometric luminosities and discuss their evolutionary stages. The Herschel data, with their unique sampling of the far infrared domain, have allowed us to characterize the properties of compact sources observed towards RCW120 for the first time. We have also been able to determine the envelope temperature, envelope mass and evolutionary stage of these sources. Using these properties we have shown that the density of the condensations that host star formation is a key parameter of the star-formation history, irrespective of their projected distance to the ionizing stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/833/193
- Title:
- MYStIX candidate protostars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/833/193
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Massive Young Star-Forming Complex in Infrared and X-ray (MYStIX) project provides a new census on stellar members of massive star-forming regions within 4kpc. Here the MYStIX Infrared Excess catalog and Chandra-based X-ray photometric catalogs are mined to obtain high-quality samples of Class I protostars using criteria designed to reduce extragalactic and Galactic field star contamination. A total of 1109 MYStIX Candidate Protostars (MCPs) are found in 14 star-forming regions. Most are selected from protoplanetary disk infrared excess emission, but 20% are found from their ultrahard X-ray spectra from heavily absorbed magnetospheric flare emission. Two-thirds of the MCP sample is newly reported here. The resulting samples are strongly spatially associated with molecular cores and filaments on Herschel far-infrared maps. This spatial agreement and other evidence indicate that the MCP sample has high reliability with relatively few "false positives" from contaminating populations. But the limited sensitivity and sparse overlap among the infrared and X-ray subsamples indicate that the sample is very incomplete with many "false negatives." Maps, tables, and source descriptions are provided to guide further study of star formation in these regions. In particular, the nature of ultrahard X-ray protostellar candidates without known infrared counterparts needs to be elucidated.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PASJ/64/96
- Title:
- Near-infrared survey of bright rimmed clouds
- Short Name:
- J/PASJ/64/96
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We conducted wide-field near-infrared imaging observations of 32 bright rimmed clouds (BRCs). Given a detection limit of 17.7mag at the K-band, we identified 2099 objects as young stellar object (YSO) candidates that displayed near-infrared excesses. Their masses, estimated from luminosities, range from 0.006M_{sun}_ to 2.7M_{sun}_. The candidates are not uniformly distributed. For 21 BRCs, more than half of the associated YSO candidates are located inside the cloud. We found clear evidence of triggered star formation. The number of YSO candidates is not correlated with the core mass of the molecular clouds. Instead, the YSO number increases with increasing UV photon flux from the exciting star illuminating the cloud surface. UV radiation activates star formation in the BRCs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/553/A48
- Title:
- Near-infrared variability in RCW 38
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/553/A48
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We want to study the content of young stellar objects in the RCW 38 cluster by means of multi-epoch variability studies. We performed a three-month near-infrared (NIR) monitoring campaign of the young cluster RCW 38 using the 80cm IRIS telescope near Cerro Armazones, Chile. Variability data with a median sampling of 1 day was gathered for 1026 sources, while a total of 3433 sources in JHK could be studied in the co-added, deep images with a completeness limit of K<15mag.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/693/430
- Title:
- Near-IR photometry of Sh2-157 and Sh2-152
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/693/430
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Near-infrared JHK' and H_2_{nu}=1-0S(1) imaging observations of the star-forming regions Sh2-157 and Sh2-152 are presented. The data reveal a cluster of young stars associated with H_2_ line emission in each region. Additionally, many IR point sources are found in the dense core of each molecular cloud. Most of these sources exhibit infrared color excesses typical of T Tauri stars, Herbig Ae/Be stars, and protostars. Several display the characteristics of massive stars. We calculate histograms of the K'-magnitude and [H-K'] color for all sources, as well as two-color and color-magnitude diagrams. The stellar populations inside and outside the clusters are similar, suggesting that these systems are rather evolved. Shock-driven H_2_ emission knots are also detected, which may be related to evident subclusters in an earlier evolutionary stage.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/140/1214
- Title:
- Near-IR spectroscopic survey of class I YSOs
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/140/1214
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a near-IR spectroscopic survey of 110 Class I protostars observed from 0.80um to 2.43um at a spectroscopic resolution of R=1200. This survey is unique in its selection of targets from the whole sky, its sample size, wavelength coverage, depth, and sample selection.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/135/2496
- Title:
- Near-IR survey of Class I protostars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/135/2496
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the observational results of a near-infrared survey of a large sample of Class I protostars designed to determine the Class I binary separation distribution from ~100AU to ~5000AU. We have selected targets from a new sample of 267 nearby candidate Class I objects. This sample is well understood, consists of mostly Class I young stellar objects (YSOs) within 1kpc, has targets selected from the whole sky, and is not biased by previous studies of star formation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/206/9
- Title:
- New EGOs from Spitzer GLIMPSE II survey. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/206/9
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have produced a catalog containing 98 newly identified massive young stellar object (MYSO) candidates associated with ongoing outflows (known as extended green objects, or EGOs). These have been identified from the Spitzer Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE) II data set and our new identifications increase the number of known EGOs to ~400 in our Galaxy, adding to the ~300 previously identified EGOs reported by Cyganowski et al. (2008, Cat. J/AJ/136/2391) from the GLIMPSE I survey. The high detection rate (~70%) of 95 GHz class I methanol masers achieved in a survey toward 57 of these new EGOs with the Mopra 22m radio telescope demonstrates that the new EGOs are associated with outflows. Investigations of the mid-infrared properties and physical associations with other star formation tracers (e.g., infrared dark clouds, class I and II methanol masers, and millimeter Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey sources) reveal that the newly identified EGOs are very similar in nature to those in the sample of Cyganowski et al. All of the observational evidence supports the hypothesis that EGOs correspond to MYSOs at the earliest evolutionary stage, with ongoing outflow activity, and active rapid accretion.
