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1501. Blanco Cosmology Survey (BCS) new reduction
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/216/20
Title:
Blanco Cosmology Survey (BCS) new reduction
Short Name:
J/ApJS/216/20
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The Blanco Cosmology Survey is a four-band (griz) optical-imaging survey of ~80deg^2^ of the southern sky. The survey consists of two fields centered approximately at (RA,DE)=(23h,-55{deg}) and (5h30m,-53{deg}) with imaging sufficient for the detection of L_*_ galaxies at redshift z<=1. In this paper, we present our reduction of the survey data and describe a new technique for the separation of stars and galaxies. We search the calibrated source catalogs for galaxy clusters at z<=0.75 by identifying spatial over-densities of red-sequence galaxies and report the coordinates, redshifts, and optical richnesses, {lambda}, for 764 galaxy clusters at z<=0.75. This sample, >85% of which are new discoveries, has a median redshift of z=0.52 and median richness {lambda}(0.4L_*_)=16.4.
1502. Blanco survey of the lens BCS J2352-5452
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/742/48
Title:
Blanco survey of the lens BCS J2352-5452
Short Name:
J/ApJ/742/48
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We report on the serendipitous discovery in the Blanco Cosmology Survey (BCS) imaging data of a z=0.9057 galaxy that is being strongly lensed by a massive galaxy cluster at a redshift of z=0.3838. The lens (BCS J2352-5452) was discovered while examining i- and z-band images being acquired in 2006 October during a BCS observing run. Follow-up spectroscopic observations with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph instrument on the Gemini-South 8m telescope confirmed the lensing nature of this system. Using weak-plus-strong lensing, velocity dispersion, cluster richness N_200_, and fitting to a Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) cluster mass density profile, we have made three independent estimates of the mass M_200_ which are all very consistent with each other. The combination of the results from the three methods gives M_200_=(5.1+/-1.3)x10^14^M_{sun}_, which is fully consistent with the individual measurements. The final NFW concentration c_200_ from the combined fit is c_200_=5.4^+1.4^_-1.1_. We have compared our measurements of M_200_ and c_200_ with predictions for (1) clusters from {Lambda}CDM simulations, (2) lensing-selected clusters from simulations, and (3) a real sample of cluster lenses.
1503. Blank-field SCUBA surveys
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/370/1057
Title:
Blank-field SCUBA surveys
Short Name:
J/MNRAS/370/1057
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Since the advent of Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), a series of complementary surveys has resolved the bulk of the far-infrared extragalactic background into discrete sources. This has revealed a population of heavily dust-obscured sources at high redshift (z>1) undergoing an intense period of massive star-forming activity with inferred star formation rates of several hundred to several thousand solar masses per year. Taken together, these existing surveys cover a total area of 460arcmin^2^ to a range of depths, but combining the results has hitherto been complicated by the fact that different survey groups have used different methods of data reduction and source extraction. In this paper, we re-reduce and re-analyse all of the blank-field surveys to date in an almost identical manner to that employed in the 'SCUBA 8-mJy Survey'. Comparative source catalogues are given which include a number of new significant source detections as well as failing to confirm some of those objects previously published. These new source catalogues have been combined to produce the most accurate number counts to date from 2 to 12.5mJy.
1504. BLAST 2005: a 10deg^2^ survey in Cygnus X
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/727/114
Title:
BLAST 2005: a 10deg^2^ survey in Cygnus X
Short Name:
J/ApJ/727/114
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present Cygnus X in a new multi-wavelength perspective based on an unbiased BLAST survey at 250, 350, and 500um, combined with rich data sets for this well-studied region. Our primary goal is to investigate the early stages of high-mass star formation. We have detected 184 compact sources in various stages of evolution across all three BLAST bands. From their well-constrained spectral energy distributions, we obtain the physical properties mass, surface density, bolometric luminosity, and dust temperature. Some of the bright sources reaching 40K contain well-known compact HII regions. We relate these to other sources at earlier stages of evolution via the energetics as deduced from their position in the luminosity-mass (L-M) diagram. The BLAST spectral coverage, near the peak of the spectral energy distribution of the dust, reveals fainter sources too cool (~10K) to be seen by earlier shorter-wavelength surveys like IRAS. We detect thermal emission from infrared dark clouds and investigate the phenomenon of cold "starless cores" more generally. Spitzer images of these cold sources often show stellar nurseries, but these potential sites for massive star formation are "starless" in the sense that to date there is no massive protostar in a vigorous accretion phase.
1505. BLAST observations of the SEP field
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/191/222
Title:
BLAST observations of the SEP field
Short Name:
J/ApJS/191/222
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present results from a survey carried out by the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) on a 9deg^2^ field near the South Ecliptic Pole at 250, 350, and 500um. The median 1{sigma} depths of the maps are 36.0, 26.4, and 18.4mJy, respectively. We apply a statistical method to estimate submillimeter galaxy number counts and find that they are in agreement with other measurements made with the same instrument and with the more recent results from Herschel/SPIRE. Thanks to the large field observed, the new measurements give additional constraints on the bright end of the counts. We identify 132, 89, and 61 sources with S/N>=4 at 250, 350, 500um, respectively and provide a multi-wavelength combined catalog of 232 sources with a significance >=4{sigma} in at least one BLAST band.
1506. BLAST sources at 250, 350 and 500um
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/Nat/458.737
Title:
BLAST sources at 250, 350 and 500um
Short Name:
J/other/Nat/458.
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Submillimetre surveys during the past decade have discovered a population of luminous, high-redshift, dusty starburst galaxies. In the redshift range 1 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 4, these massive submillimetre galaxies go through a phase characterized by optically obscured star formation at rates several hundred times that in the local Universe. Half of the starlight from this highly energetic process is absorbed and thermally re-radiated by clouds of dust at temperatures near 30K with spectral energy distributions peaking at 100um in the rest frame. At 1 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 4, the peak is redshifted to wavelengths between 200 and 500um. The cumulative effect of these galaxies is to yield extragalactic optical and far-infrared backgrounds with approximately equal energy densities. Since the initial detection of the far-infrared background (FIRB), higher-resolution experiments have sought to decompose this integrated radiation into the contributions from individual galaxies. Here we report the results of an extragalactic survey at 250, 350 and 500um. Combining our results at 500 mum with those at 24um, we determine that all of the FIRB comes from individual galaxies, with galaxies at z greater than or equal to 1.2 accounting for 70% of it. As expected, at the longest wavelengths the signal is dominated by ultraluminous galaxies at z&gt;1.
1507. BLAST sources in Galactic plane survey
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/681/428
Title:
BLAST sources in Galactic plane survey
Short Name:
J/ApJ/681/428
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present the first results from a new 250, 350, and 500um Galactic plane survey taken with the Balloon-borne Large-Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) in 2005. This survey's primary goal is to identify and characterize high-mass protostellar objects (HMPOs). The region studied here covers 4{deg}^2^ near the open cluster NGC 6823 in the constellation Vulpecula (l=59{deg}). We find 60 compact sources (<60" diameter) detected simultaneously in all three bands. Their SEDs are constrained through BLAST, IRAS, Spitzer MIPS, and MSX photometry, with inferred dust temperatures spanning ~12-40K assuming a dust emissivity index {beta}=1.5. The luminosity-to-mass ratio, a distance-independ ent quantity, spans ~0.2-130L_{sun}_/M_{sun}_. Distances are estimated from coincident ^13^CO(1-0) velocities combined with a variety of other velocity and morphological data in the literature. In total, 49 sources are associated with a molecular cloud complex encompassing NGC 6823 (distance ~2.3kpc), 10 objects with the Perseus arm (~8.5kpc), and one object is probably in the outer Galaxy (~14kpc). Near NGC 6823, the inferred luminosities and masses of BLAST sources span ~40-10^4^L_{sun}_ and ~15-700M_{sun}_, respectively. The mass spectrum is compatible with molecular gas masses in other high-mass star-forming regions. Several luminous sources appear to be ultracompact H II regions powered by early B stars. However, many of the objects are cool, massive gravitationally bound clumps with no obvious internal radiation from a protostar, and hence excellent HMPO candidates.
1508. BLAST survey in Vela-D
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/707/1836
Title:
BLAST survey in Vela-D
Short Name:
J/ApJ/707/1836
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The Balloon-borne Large-Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) carried out a 250, 350, and 500um survey of the Galactic plane encompassing the Vela Molecular Ridge, with the primary goal of identifying the coldest dense cores possibly associated with the earliest stages of star formation. Here, we present the results from observations of the Vela-D region, covering about 4deg^2^, in which we find 141 BLAST cores. We exploit existing data taken with the Spitzer MIPS, IRAC, and SEST-SIMBA instruments to constrain their (single-temperature) spectral energy distributions, assuming a dust emissivity index {beta}=2.0. This combination of data allows us to determine the temperature, luminosity, and mass of each BLAST core, and also enables us to separate starless from protostellar sources. We also analyze the effects that the uncertainties on the derived physical parameters of the individual sources have on the overall physical properties of starless and protostellar cores, and we find that there appear to be a smooth transition from the pre- to the protostellar phase. In particular, for protostellar cores we find a correlation between the MIPS24 flux, associated with the central protostar, and the temperature of the dust envelope. We also find that the core mass function of the Vela-D cores has a slope consistent with other similar (sub)millimeter surveys.
1509. BLAST: the redshift survey
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/707/1779
Title:
BLAST: the redshift survey
Short Name:
J/ApJ/707/1779
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) has recently surveyed ~8.7deg^2^ centered on Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-South at 250, 350, and 500um. In Dye et al. (2009, Cat. J/ApJ/703/285), we presented the catalog of sources detected at 5{sigma} in at least one band in this field and the probable counterparts to these sources in other wavebands. In this paper, we present the results of a redshift survey in which we succeeded in measuring redshifts for 82 of these counterparts. The spectra show that the BLAST counterparts are mostly star-forming galaxies but not extreme ones when compared to those found in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Roughly one quarter of the BLAST counterparts contain an active nucleus. We have also investigated the cases where there are two possible counterparts to the BLAST source, finding that in at least half of these there is evidence that the two galaxies are physically associated, either because they are interacting or because they are in the same large-scale structure. Finally, we have made the first direct measurements of the luminosity function in the three BLAST bands.
1510. BLAST Vela sources
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/707/1824
Title:
BLAST Vela sources
Short Name:
J/ApJ/707/1824
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present first results from an unbiased 50deg^2^ submillimeter Galactic survey at 250, 350, and 500um from the 2006 flight of the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope. The map has resolution ranging from 36" to 60" in the three submillimeter bands spanning the thermal emission peak of cold starless cores. We determine the temperature, luminosity, and mass of more than 1000 compact sources in a range of evolutionary stages and an unbiased statistical characterization of the population. From comparison with C^18^O data, we find the dust opacity per gas mass, {kappa}r=0.16cm^2^/g at 250um, for cold clumps. We find that 2% of the mass of the molecular gas over this diverse region is in cores colder than 14K, and that the mass function for these cold cores is consistent with a power law with index {alpha}=-3.22+/-0.14 over the mass range 14M_{sun}_<M<80M_{sun}_.

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