- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/186/427
- Title:
- Detailed morphology of SDSS galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/186/427
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalog of detailed visual classifications for 14034 galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 4 (DR4, Cat. <II/267>). Our sample includes nearly all spectroscopically targeted galaxies in the redshift range 0.01<z<0.1 down to an apparent extinction-corrected limit of g<16mag. In addition to T-Types, we record the existence of bars, rings, lenses, tails, warps, dust lanes, arm flocculence, and multiplicity. This sample defines a comprehensive local galaxy sample which we will use in future papers to study low-redshift morphology. It will also prove useful for calibrating automated galaxy classification algorithms. In this paper, we describe the classification methodology used, detail the systematics and biases of our sample, and summarize the overall statistical properties of the sample, noting the most obvious trends that are relevant for general comparisons of our catalog with previously published work.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/478/1763
- Title:
- Detectability of radio emission from exoplanets
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/478/1763
- Date:
- 19 Jan 2022 00:23:37
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Like the magnetized planets in our Solar system, magnetized exoplanets should emit strongly at radio wavelengths. Radio emission directly traces the planetary magnetic fields and radio detections can place constraints on the physical parameters of these features. Large comparative studies of predicted radio emission characteristics for the known population of exoplanets help to identify what physical parameters could be the key for producing bright, observable radio emission. Since the last comparative study, many thousands of exoplanets have been discovered. We report new estimates for the radio flux densities and maximum emission frequencies for the current population of known exoplanets orbiting pre-main-sequence and main-sequence stars with spectral types F-M. The set of exoplanets predicted to produce observable radio emission are Hot Jupiters orbiting young stars. The youth of these systems predicts strong stellar magnetic fields and/or dense winds, which are the key for producing bright, observable radio emission. We use a new all-sky circular polarization Murchison Widefield Array survey to place sensitive limits on 200MHz emission from exoplanets, with 3{sigma} values ranging from 4.0 to 45.0mJy. Using a targeted Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observing campaign, we also report a 3{sigma} upper limit of 4.5mJy on the radio emission from V830 Tau b, the first Hot Jupiter to be discovered orbiting a pre-main-sequence star. Our limit is the first to be reported for the low-frequency radio emission from this source.
3703. Detected CH_2_ spectra
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/647/A42
- Title:
- Detected CH_2_ spectra
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/647/A42
- Date:
- 19 Jan 2022 13:29:47
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The N_KaKc_=4_04_-3_13_ transitions of ortho-CH_2_ between 68 and 71GHz were first detected toward the Orion-KL and W51 Main star-forming regions. Given their high upper level energies (225K) above the ground state, they were naturally thought to arise in dense, hot molecular cores near newly formed stars. However, this has not been confirmed by further observations of these lines and their origin has remained unclear. Quite in general, only a paucity of observational data exist for CH_2_ and, while astrochemically an important compound, its actual occurrence in astronomical sources is poorly constrained. In this work, we aim to investigate the nature of the elusive CH_2_ emission and address its association with hot cores and examine alternative possibilities for its origin. Owing to its importance in carbon chemistry, we also extend the search for CH_2_ lines by observing an assortment of regions guided by the hypothesis that the observed CH_2_ emission likely arises from the hot gas environment of photodissociation regions (PDRs). We carried out observations using, first, the Kitt Peak 12m telescope to verify the original detection of CH_2_ toward different positions in the central region of Orion Molecular Cloud 1. These were followed-up by deep integrations using the higher angular resolution of the Onsala 20 m telescope. We have also searched for the N_KaKc_=2_12_-3_03_ transitions of para-CH_2_ between 440-445GHz toward the Orion giant molecular cloud complex using the APEX 12m telescope. We also obtained auxiliary data for carbon recombination lines with the Effelsberg 100m telescope and employed archival far infrared data. Our and other recent observations of the Orion region reported here, rule out an association with hot and dense gas. We find that the distribution of the CH_2_ emission follows closely that of the [CII] 158 um emission while CH_2_ is undetected toward the hot core itself. The observations suggest that its extended emission rather arises from hot but dilute layers of PDRs, but not from the denser parts of such regions, in particular the Orion Bar. This hypothesis was corroborated by comparisons of the observed CH_2_ line profiles with those of carbon radio recombination lines (CRRLs), well known PDR tracers. In addition, we report the detection of the 70GHz fine-, and hyperfine structure components of ortho-CH_2_ toward the W51 E, W51 M, W51 N, W49 N, W43, W75 N, DR21, and S140 star-forming regions, and three of the N_KaKc_=4_04_-3_13_ fine- and hyperfine structure transitions between 68-71GHz toward W3 IRS5. While we have no information on CH_2_'s spatial distribution in these regions, except for W51, we again see a correspondence of the profiles of CH_2_ lines with those of CRRLs. We see stronger CH_2_ emission toward the extended HII region W51 M than toward the much more massive and denser W51 E and N regions, strongly supporting an origin of CH_2_ in extended dilute gas. We also report the non-detection of the 2_12_-3_03_ transitions of para-CH_2_ toward Orion. Furthermore, using a non-LTE radiative transfer analysis, we can constrain the gas temperatures and H_2_ density to (163+/-26)K and (3.4+/-0.3)x10^3^cm^-3^, respectively, for the 68-71GHz ortho-CH_2_ transitions toward W3 IRS5, for which we have the highest quality data set. This analysis confirms our hypothesis that CH_2_ originates in warm and dilute PDR layers. Our analysis suggests that for the excitation conditions under the physical conditions that prevail in such an environment, these lines are masering, with weak level inversion. The resulting amplification of the lines' spontaneous emission greatly aides their detection.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/Sci/330.653
- Title:
- Detected planets in the Eta-Earth Survey
- Short Name:
- J/other/Sci/330.
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The questions of how planets form and how common Earth-like planets are can be addressed by measuring the distribution of exoplanet masses and orbital periods. We report the occurrence rate of close-in planets (with orbital periods less than 50 days), based on precise Doppler measurements of 166 Sun-like stars. We measured increasing planet occurrence with decreasing planet mass (M). Extrapolation of a power-law mass distribution fitted to our measurements, df/dlogM=0.39M^-0.48^, predicts that 23% of stars harbor a close-in Earth-mass planet (ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 Earth masses). Theoretical models of planet formation predict a deficit of planets in the domain from 5 to 30 Earth masses and with orbital periods less than 50 days. This region of parameter space is in fact well populated, implying that such models need substantial revision.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/372/85
- Title:
- Detected sources at 12{mu}m in 47 Tuc
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/372/85
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The present paper investigates the properties of the dust mass loss in stars populating the giant branch of the globular cluster 47 Tuc, by combining ISOCAM and DENIS data. Raster maps of 5 fields covering areas ranging from 4x4 to 15x15arcmin^2^ at different distances from the center of the cluster have been obtained with ISOCAM at 11.5{mu}m (LW10 filter). The covered fields include most of the red variables known in this cluster. A detection threshold of about 0.2 mJy is achieved, allowing us to detect giant stars at 11.5{mu}m all the way down to the horizontal branch. No dust-enshrouded asymptotic giant branch stars have been found in the observed fields, contrary to the situation encountered in LMC/SMC globular clusters with larger turnoff masses. The color index [12]-[2] (based on the ISO 11.5{mu}m flux and on the DENIS K_S_ magnitude) is used as a diagnostic of dust emission (and hence dust mass loss). Its evolution with luminosity along the giant branch reveals that dust mass loss is only present in V3 (the only cluster Mira variable observed in the present study) and in V18, a star presenting intermittent variability. This conclusion confirms the importance of stellar pulsations in the dust formation and ensuing mass loss.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/472/1850
- Title:
- Detecting damped Ly{alpha} absorbers
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/472/1850
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We develop an automated technique for detecting damped Ly{alpha} absorbers (DLAs) along spectroscopic lines of sight to quasi-stellar objects (QSOs or quasars). The detection of DLAs in large-scale spectroscopic surveys such as SDSS III sheds light on galaxy formation at high redshift, showing the nucleation of galaxies from diffuse gas. We use nearly 50000 QSO spectra to learn a novel tailored Gaussian process model for quasar emission spectra, which we apply to the DLA detection problem via Bayesian model selection. We propose models for identifying an arbitrary number of DLAs along a given line of sight. We demonstrate our method's effectiveness using a large-scale validation experiment, with excellent performance. We also provide a catalogue of our results applied to 162858 spectra from SDSS-III data release 12.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/593/A30
- Title:
- Detection of fast HI outflow in Mrk231
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/593/A30
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the detection, performed with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) and the Karl Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), of a fast HI 21-cm outflow in the ultra-luminous infrared galaxy Mrk 231. The outflow is observed as shallow HI absorption blueshifted ~1300 km/s with respect to the systemic velocity and located against the inner kpc of the radio source. The outflowing gas has an estimated column density between 5 and 15x10^18^Tspin.cm^-2^. We derive the Tspin to lie in the range 400-2000 K and the corresponding HI densities are n_HI_~10-100cm^-3^. We also obtained deeper continuum images than previously available. They confirm the complex structure of the radio continuum originating both from the AGN and star formation. At the resolution obtained with the VLA (~1-arcsec) we do not see a kpc-scale jet. Instead, we detect a plateau of emission, likely due to star formation, surrounding the bright nuclear region. We also detect a poorly collimated bridge which may represent the channel feeding the southern lobe. The unprecedented depth of the low-resolution WSRT image reveals radio emission extending 50-arcsec (43kpc) to the south and 20arcsec (17kpc) to the north.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/788/114
- Title:
- Detection of Kepler multiple M-star systems
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/788/114
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have searched the Kepler light curves of ~3900 M-star targets for evidence of periodicities that indicate, by means of the effects of starspots, rapid stellar rotation. Several analysis techniques, including Fourier transforms, inspection of folded light curves, "sonograms", and phase tracking of individual modulation cycles, were applied in order to distinguish the periodicities due to rapid rotation from those due to stellar pulsations, eclipsing binaries, or transiting planets. We find 178 Kepler M-star targets with rotation periods, P_rot_<2 days, and 110 with P_rot_<1 day. Some 30 of the 178 systems exhibit two or more independent short periods within the same Kepler photometric aperture, while several have 3 or more short periods. Adaptive optics imaging and modeling of the Kepler pixel response function for a subset of our sample support the conclusion that the targets with multiple periods are highly likely to be relatively young physical binary, triple, and even quadruple M star systems. We explore in detail the one object with four incommensurate periods all less than 1.2 days, and show that two of the periods arise from one of a close pair of stars, while the other two arise from the second star, which itself is probably a visual binary. If most of these M-star systems with multiple periods turn out to be bound M-stars, this could prove a valuable way discovering young hierarchical M-star systems; the same approach may also be applicable to G and K stars. The ~5% occurrence rate of rapid rotation among the ~3900 M star targets is consistent with spin evolution models that include an initial contraction phase followed by magnetic braking, wherein a typical M star can spend several hundred Myr before spinning down to periods longer than 2 days.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/791/35
- Title:
- Detection of 715 Kepler planet candidates host stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/791/35
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Robo-AO Kepler Planetary Candidate Survey is observing every Kepler planet candidate host star with laser adaptive optics imaging to search for blended nearby stars, which may be physically associated companions and/or responsible for transit false positives. In this paper, we present the results from the 2012 observing season, searching for stars close to 715 Kepler planet candidate hosts. We find 53 companions, 43 of which are new discoveries. We detail the Robo-AO survey data reduction methods including a method of using the large ensemble of target observations as mutual point-spread-function references, along with a new automated companion-detection algorithm designed for large adaptive optics surveys. Our survey is sensitive to objects from ~ 0.15'' to 2.5'' separation, with magnitude differences up to {Delta}m ~ 6. We measure an overall nearby-star probability for Kepler planet candidates of 7.4%+/-1.0%, and calculate the effects of each detected nearby star on the Kepler-measured planetary radius. We discuss several Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) of particular interest, including KOI-191 and KOI-1151, which are both multi-planet systems with detected stellar companions whose unusual planetary system architecture might be best explained if they are "coincident multiple" systems, with several transiting planets shared between the two stars. Finally, we find 98% confidence evidence that short-period giant planets are two to three times more likely than longer-period planets to be found in wide stellar binaries.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/373/576
- Title:
- Detection of Tycho variables stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/373/576
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an original way to detect variable stars in the Tycho photometric observations. A modified Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test has been constructed, based on a model of most of the satellite's parameters, leading to the dispersion in the measurements. This allows us to build a treatment taking into account truncated detections and censored measurements, and to search for variability in the faint part of the catalogue. The selection threshold of variable stars has been calibrated to minimize false alarm rate. Reliable results were thus obtained for stars as faint as 11 mag. One thousand and ninety-one suspected variable stars have been listed, 407 of which are already known in Hipparcos, GCVS or NSV, and 684 of which are suspected variable stars to be identified soon.