- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/612/652
- Title:
- Dimensionless coordinate distances to supernovae
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/612/652
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Understanding the nature of dark energy, which appears to drive the expansion of the universe, is one of the central problems of physical cosmology today. In an earlier paper (Daly & Djorgovski, 2003ApJ...597....9D) we proposed a novel method to determine the expansion rate E(z) and the deceleration parameter q(z) in a largely model-independent way, directly from the data on coordinate distances y(z). Here we expand this methodology to include measurements of the pressure of dark energy p(z), its normalized energy density fraction f(z), and the equation-of-state parameter w(z). We then apply this methodology to a new, combined data set of distances to supernovae and radio galaxies.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/625/A49
- Title:
- Dimming event of RW Aurigae A
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/625/A49
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- RW Aur A is a classical T Tauri star that has suddenly undergone three major dimming events since 2010. The reason for these dimming events is still not clear. The two epochs of observations uploaded here are on the deep dimming events (2015) and immediate after the dimmin event (2016).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/122/1383
- Title:
- DIRECT BVI photometry in M31
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/122/1383
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- DIRECT is a project to directly obtain the distances to two important galaxies in the cosmological distance ladder, M31 and M33, using detached eclipsing binaries and Cepheids. As part of our search for these variables, we have obtained photometry and positions for thousands of stellar objects within the monitored fields, covering an area of 557.8arcmin^2^. Here we present the equatorial coordinates and BVI photometry for 26,712 stars in the M31 galaxy, along the eastern arm and in the vicinity of the star-forming region NGC 206.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PASP/122/162
- Title:
- Direct imaging of exoplanets
- Short Name:
- J/PASP/122/162
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- High-contrast imaging can find and characterize gas giant planets around nearby young stars and the closest M stars, complementing radial velocity and astrometric searches by exploring orbital separations inaccessible to indirect methods. Ground-based coronagraphs are already probing within 25AU of nearby young stars to find objects as small as 3M_{Jup}_. This paper contrasts near-term and future ground-based capabilities with high-contrast imaging modes of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Monte Carlo modeling reveals that JWST can detect planets with masses as small as 0.2M_{Jup}_ across a broad range of orbital separations. We present new calculations for planet brightness as a function of mass and age for specific JWST filters and extending to 0.1M_{Jup}_.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/601/A76
- Title:
- DIRECT lightcurves of 21 luminous YSGs in M33
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/601/A76
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The evolution of massive stars surviving the red supergiant (RSG) stage remains unexplored due to the rarity of such objects. The yellow hypergiants (YHGs) appear to be the warm counterparts of post-RSG classes located near the Humphreys-Davidson upper luminosity limit, which are characterized by atmospheric instability and high mass-loss rates. We aim to increase the number of YHGs in M33 and thus to contribute to a better understanding of the pre-supernova evolution of massive stars. Optical spectroscopy of five dust-enshrouded YSGs selected from mid-IR criteria was obtained with the goal of detecting evidence of extensive atmospheres. We also analyzed BVIc photometry for 21 of the most luminous YSGs in M33 to identify changes in the spectral type. To explore the properties of circumstellar dust, we performed SED-fitting of multi-band photometry of the 21 YSGs. We find three luminous YSGs in our sample to be YHG candidates, as they are surrounded by hot dust and are enshrouded within extended, cold dusty envelopes. Our spectroscopy of star 2 shows emission of more than one H{alpha} component, as well as emission of CaII, implying an extended atmospheric structure. In addition, the long-term monitoring of the star reveals a dimming in the visual light curve of amplitude larger than 0.5mag that caused an apparent drop in the temperature that exceeded 500K. We suggest the observed variability to be analogous to that of the Galactic YHG {rho} Cas. Five less luminous YSGs are suggested as post-RSG candidates showing evidence of hot or/and cool dust emission. We demonstrate that mid-IR photometry, combined with optical spectroscopy and time-series photometry, provide a robust method for identifying candidate YHGs. Future discovery of YHGs in Local Group galaxies is critical for the study of the late evolution of intermediate-mass massive stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/121/2032
- Title:
- Direct variables in M33A field
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/121/2032
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- DIRECT is a project to directly obtain the distances to two Local Group galaxies, M31 and M33, which occupy a crucial position near the bottom of the cosmological distance ladder. As the first step of the DIRECT project, we have searched for detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs) and new Cepheids in the M31 and M33 galaxies with 1 m class telescopes. In this paper, we present a catalog of variable stars discovered in the data from the follow-up observations of the DEB system D33J013346.2+304439.9 in field M33A (RA=23.55{deg}, DE=30.72{deg}; J2000.0), collected with the Kitt Peak National Observatory's 2.1 m telescope. In our search covering an area of 108arcmin^2^, we have found 434 variable stars: 63 eclipsing binaries, 305 Cepheids, and 66 other periodic, possible long-period, or nonperiodic variables. Of these variables, 280 are newly discovered, mainly short-period and/or faint Cepheids. Their light curves were extracted using the ISIS image subtraction package. For 85% of the variables, we present light curves in standard V and B magnitudes, with the remaining 15% expressed in units of differential flux. We have discovered a population of first-overtone Cepheid candidates, and for eight of them we present strong arguments in favor of this interpretation. We also report on the detection of a nonlinearity in the KPNO T2KA and T1KA cameras.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/122/2477
- Title:
- DIRECT variables in M33B field
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/122/2477
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- DIRECT is a project to obtain directly the distances to two Local Group galaxies, M31 and M33, which occupy a crucial position near the bottom of the cosmological distance ladder. As the first step of the DIRECT project we have searched for detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs) and new Cepheids in the M31 and M33 galaxies with 1m class telescopes. In this eighth paper we present a catalog of variable stars discovered in the data from the follow-up observations of DEB system D33J013337.0+303032.8 in field M33B [(RA,DE)=(23.48{deg}, 30.57{deg}), J2000.0], collected with the Kitt Peak National Observatory 2.1m telescope. In our search covering an area of 108arcmin^2^ we have found 895 variable stars: 96 eclipsing binaries, 349 Cepheids, and 450 other periodic, possibly long-period or nonperiodic variables. Of these variables 612 are newly discovered. Their light curves were extracted using the ISIS image subtraction package. For 77% of the variables we present light curves in standard V and B magnitudes, with the remaining 23% expressed in units of differential flux. We have discovered a population of first-overtone Cepheid candidates, and for six of them we present strong arguments in favor of this interpretation. The catalog of variables, as well as their photometry (about 9.2x10^4^ BV measurements) and finding charts, is available electronically via anonymous ftp and the World Wide Web. The complete set of the CCD frames is available upon request.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/596/A25
- Title:
- Disc breaks across masses and wavelengths
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/596/A25
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Breaks in the surface brightness profiles in the outer regions of galactic discs are thought to have formed by various internal (e.g. bar resonances) and external (e.g. galaxy merging) processes. By studying the disc breaks we aim to better understand what processes are responsible for the evolution of the outer discs of galaxies, and galaxies in general. We use a large well-defined sample to study how common the disc breaks are, and whether their properties depend on galaxy mass. By using both optical and infrared data we study whether the observed wavelength affects the break features as a function of galaxy mass and Hubble type. We studied the properties of galaxy discs using radial surface brightness profiles of 753 galaxies, obtained from the 3.6um images of the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G), and the Ks-band data from the Near InfraRed S0-Sa galaxy Survey (NIRS0S), covering a wide range of galaxy morphologies (-2<=T<=9) and stellar masses (8.5<~log10 (M*/M_{sun}_)<~11). In addition, optical Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) or Liverpool telescope data was used for 480 of these galaxies. We find that in low-mass galaxies the single exponential profiles (Type I) are most common, and that their fraction decreases with increasing galaxy stellar mass. The fraction of down-bending (Type II) profiles increases with stellar mass, possibly due to more common occurrence of bar resonance structures. The up-bending (Type III) profiles are also more common in massive galaxies. The observed wavelength affects the scalelength of the disc of every profile type. Especially the scalelength of the inner disc (h_i_) of Type II profiles increases from infrared to u-band on average by a factor of ~2.2. Consistent with the previous studies, but with a higher statistical significance, we find that Type II outer disc scalelengths (h_o_) in late-type and low mass galaxies (T>4, log10(M*/M_{sun}_)<~10.5) are shorter in bluer wavelengths, possibly due to stellar radial migration populating the outer discs with older stars. In Type III profiles h_o are larger in the u band, hinting to the presence of young stellar population in the outer disc. While the observed wavelength affects the disc parameters, it does not significantly affect the profile type classification in our sample. Our results indicate that the observed wavelength is a significant factor when determining the profile types in very low mass dwarf galaxies, for which more Type II profiles have been previously found using optical data.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/647/A76
- Title:
- Disc galaxies baryonic specific ang. mom.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/647/A76
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Specific angular momentum (the angular momentum per unit mass, j=J/M) is one of the key parameters that control the evolution of galaxies, and it is closely related with the coupling between dark and visible matter. In this work, we aim to derive the baryonic (stars plus atomic gas) specific angular momentum of disc galaxies and study its relation with the dark matter specific angular momentum. Using a combination of high-quality HI rotation curves, HI surface densities, and near-infrared surface brightness profiles, we homogeneously measure the stellar (j*) and gas (jgas) specific angular momenta for a large sample of nearby disc galaxies. This allows us to determine the baryonic specific angular momentum (jbar) with high accuracy and across a very wide range of masses. We confirm that the j*-M* relation is an unbroken power-law from 7<~log(M*/M_{sun}_)<~11.5, with a slope 0.54+/-0.02, setting a stronger constraint at dwarf galaxy scales than previous determinations. Concerning the gas component, we find that the jgas-Mgas relation is also an unbroken power-law from 6<~log(Mgas/M_{sun}_)<~11, with a steeper slope of 1.01+/-0.04. Regarding the baryonic relation, our data support a correlation characterized by a single power-law with a slope 0.58+/-0.02. Our analysis shows that our most massive spirals and smallest dwarfs lie along the same jbar-Mbar sequence. While the relations are tight and unbroken, we find internal correlations inside them: At fixed M, galaxies with larger j have larger disc scale lengths, and at fixed Mbar, gas-poor galaxies have lower jbar than expected. We estimate the retained fraction of baryonic specific angular momentum, f_jbar_, finding it constant across our entire mass range with a value of 0.7, indicating that the baryonic specific angular momentum of present-day disc galaxies is comparable to the initial specific angular momentum of their dark matter haloes. In general, these results set important constraints for hydrodynamical simulations and semi-analytical models that aim to reproduce galaxies with realistic specific angular momenta.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/158/182
- Title:
- Discoveries from the NEOWISE proper motion survey
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/158/182
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present low-resolution near-infrared spectra of discoveries from an all-sky proper motion search conducted using multi-epoch data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. Using the data from NEOWISE, along with the AllWISE catalog, Schneider et al. (2016, J/ApJ/817/112) conducted an all-sky proper motion survey to search for nearby objects with high proper motions. Here, we present a follow-up spectroscopic survey of 65 of their discoveries, which focused primarily on potentially nearby objects (d<25 pc), candidate late-type brown dwarfs (>=L7), and subdwarf candidates. We found 31 new M dwarfs, 18 new L dwarfs, and 11 new T dwarfs. Of these, 13 are subdwarfs, including one new sdL1 and two new sdL7s. Eleven of these discoveries, with spectral types ranging from M7 to T7 (including one subdwarf) are predicted to be within 25 pc, adding to the number of known objects in the solar neighborhood. We also discovered three new early-type T subdwarf candidates, one sdT1, one sdT2, and one sdT3, which would increase the number of known early-type T subdwarfs from two to five.