- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/373/608
- Title:
- Early-type stars towards the Galactic Center. II.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/373/608
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We are searching for early-type stars towards the Galactic centre which are potentially young objects situated within the inner few kiloparsecs of the disk. Photographic photometry from the UK Schmidt Telescope has been used to identify the bluest candidates in nineteen Schmidt fields (centred close to the Galactic centre). We have previously obtained FLAIR low dispersion spectroscopy for three of these fields to estimate spectral types and here we present spectroscopy for an additional seven fields. Combining the results for all ten fields, 56 stars were initially classified as early-B type. Estimates of the equivalent widths of their Balmer and He I lines have been used to estimate atmospheric parameters and 32 targets have effective temperatures greater than or equal to 17000K (corresponding to a spectral type of B3 or earlier). The spectra of seven of these targets also have absorption lines due to O II and Si III and can be reliably classified as early-B type. Additionally 78 stars have estimated effective temperatures between 11000 and 16000K with a further 50 objects identified as late-B (or early-A) type. All but two of the early B-type candidates have magnitudes in the range 12.0<=V<=16.0, and our best estimates of their distance suggest that they could be close to (i.e. R_g_<3kpc), or even beyond the Galactic centre.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/139/231
- Title:
- Early-type stars towards the Galactic Centre
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/139/231
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have begun a search for early-type stars towards the galactic centre which are potentially young objects situated within the inner few kiloparsecs of the disk. U and V (or I) band photographic photometry from the UK Schmidt Telescope has been obtained to identify the bluest candidates in nineteen Schmidt fields (centred close to the galactic centre). We have spectroscopically observed these targets for three fields with the FLAIR multi-fibre system to determine their spectral types. In particular, ten early B-type stars have been identified and equivalent width measurements of their Balmer and HeI lines have been used to estimate atmospheric parameters. These early-type objects have magnitudes in the range 11.5=<V<=16.0, and our best estimates of their distance (given probable highly variable reddening in this direction together with errors in the plate photometry) suggest that some of them originated close to (i.e R_g_<3kpc), or even beyond the galactic centre. Future high-resolution spectroscopy of these stars will provide reliable atmospheric parameters and element abundances, in order to map the current chemical composition of the inner galaxy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/852/53
- Title:
- Early X-ray flares in GRBs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/852/53
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyze the early X-ray flares in the GRB "flare-plateau-afterglow" (FPA) phase observed by Swift-XRT. The FPA occurs only in one of the seven GRB subclasses: the binary-driven hypernovae (BdHNe). This subclass consists of long GRBs with a carbon-oxygen core and a neutron star (NS) binary companion as progenitors. The hypercritical accretion of the supernova (SN) ejecta onto the NS can lead to the gravitational collapse of the NS into a black hole. Consequently, one can observe a GRB emission with isotropic energy E_iso_>~10^52^erg, as well as the associated GeV emission and the FPA phase. Previous work had shown that gamma-ray spikes in the prompt emission occur at ~10^15^-10^17^cm with Lorentz Gamma factors {Gamma}~10^2^-10^3^. Using a novel data analysis, we show that the time of occurrence, duration, luminosity, and total energy of the X-ray flares correlate with Eiso. A crucial feature is the observation of thermal emission in the X-ray flares that we show occurs at radii ~10^12^cm with {Gamma}<~4. These model-independent observations cannot be explained by the "fireball" model, which postulates synchrotron and inverse-Compton radiation from a single ultrarelativistic jetted emission extending from the prompt to the late afterglow and GeV emission phases. We show that in BdHNe a collision between the GRB and the SN ejecta occurs at ~10^10^cm, reaching transparency at ~10^12^cm with {Gamma}<~4. The agreement between the thermal emission observations and these theoretically derived values validates our model and opens the possibility of testing each BdHN episode with the corresponding Lorentz Gamma factor.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/509/A3
- Title:
- Earth Orientation Catalog 4 (EOC-4)
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/509/A3
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The astrometric ground-based observations of latitude / universal time variations, covering the interval 1899.7-2003.0, were used in combination with Hipparcos / Tycho positions and some older ground-based catalogs to construct a family of catalogs, tailored for long-term Earth rotation studies. These catalogs, called Earth Orientation Catalogs (EOC-1 through EOC-3) yielded more accurate proper motions than the original Hipparcos Catalogue, and its latest version, EOC-3, even periodic motions for a large portion of the stars. About 4.5 million observations made at 33 observatories are combined with the catalogs ARIHIP, TYCHO-2 etc... in order to obtain EOC-4. Spectral analysis of ground-based data and comparison with the USNO Sixth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars are used to discover which of the observed objects display periodic motions, and improved combination procedures are used. The catalog contains 4418 different objects (i.e., stars, components of double stars, photocenters), out of which 599 have significant orbital motions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/235/5
- Title:
- EA-type eclipsing binaries observed by LAMOST
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/235/5
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- About 3196 EA-type binaries (EAs) were observed by LAMOST by 2017 June 16 and their spectral types were derived. Meanwhile, the stellar atmospheric parameters of 2020 EAs were determined. In this paper, those EAs are cataloged and their physical properties and evolutionary states are investigated. The period distribution of EAs suggests that the period limit of tidal locking for the close binaries is about 6 days. It is found that the metallicity of EAs is higher than that of EW-type binaries (EWs), indicating that EAs are generally younger than EWs and they are the progenitors of EWs. The metallicities of long-period EWs (0.4<P<1 days) are the same as those of EAs with the same periods, while their values of Log (g) are usually smaller than those of EAs. These support the evolutionary process that EAs evolve into long-period EWs through the combination of angular momentum loss (AML) via magnetic braking and case A mass transfer. For short-period EWs, their metallicities are lower than those of EAs, while their gravitational accelerations are higher. These reveal that they may be formed from cool short-period EAs through AML via magnetic braking with little mass transfer. For some EWs with high metallicities, they may be contaminated by material from the evolution of unseen neutron stars and black holes or they have third bodies that may help them to form rapidly through a short timescale of pre-contact evolution. The present investigation suggests that the modern EW populations may have formed through a combination of these mechanisms.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/585/A41
- Title:
- EBHIS spectra and HI column density maps
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/585/A41
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Effelsberg-Bonn HI Survey (EBHIS) is a new 21-cm survey performed with the 100-m telescope at Effelsberg. It covers the whole northern sky out to a redshift of z~0.07 and comprises HI line emission from the Milky Way and the Local Volume. We aim to substitute the northern-hemisphere part of the Leiden/Argentine/Bonn Milky Way HI survey (LAB) with this first EBHIS data release, which presents the HI gas in the Milky Way regime. The use of a seven-beam L-band array made it feasible to perform this all-sky survey with a 100-m class telescope in a reasonable amount of observing time. State-of-the-art fast-Fourier-transform spectrometers provide the necessary data read-out speed, dynamic range, and spectral resolution to apply software radio-frequency interference mitigation. EBHIS is corrected for stray radiation and employs frequency-dependent flux-density calibration and sophisticated baseline-removal techniques to ensure the highest possible data quality. Detailed analyses of the resulting data products show that EBHIS is not only outperforming LAB in terms of sensitivity and angular resolution, but also matches the intensity-scale of LAB extremely well, allowing EBHIS to be used as a drop-in replacement for LAB. Data products are made available to the public in a variety of forms. Most important, we provide a properly gridded Milky Way HI column density map in HEALPix representation. To maximize the usefulness of EBHIS data, we estimate uncertainties in the HI column density and brightness temperature distributions, accounting for systematic effects.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/626/A119
- Title:
- EBLM J2349-32 photometry, RV and spectra
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/626/A119
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Some M-dwarfs around F-/G-type stars have been measured to be hotter and larger than predicted by stellar evolution models. Inconsistencies between observations and models need to be addressed with more mass, radius, and luminosity measurements of low-mass stars to test and refine evolutionary models. Our aim is to measure the masses, radii and ages of the stars in five low-mass eclipsing binary systems discovered by the WASP survey. We used WASP photometry to establish eclipse-time ephemerides and to obtain initial estimates for the transit depth and width. Radial velocity measurements were simultaneously fitted with follow-up photometry to find the best-fitting orbital solution. This solution was combined with measurements of atmospheric parameters to interpolate evolutionary models and estimate the mass of the primary star, and the mass and radius of the M-dwarf companion. We assess how the best fitting orbital solution changes if an alternative limb-darkening law is used and quantify the systematic effects of unresolved companions. We also gauge how the best-fitting evolutionary model changes if different values are used for the mixing length parameter and helium enhancement. We report the mass and radius of five M-dwarfs and find little evidence of inflation with respect to evolutionary models. The primary stars in two systems are near the "blue hook" stage of their post sequence evolution, resulting in two possible solutions for mass and age. We find that choices in helium enhancement and mixing-length parameter can introduce an additional 3-5% uncertainty in measured M-dwarf mass. Unresolved companions can introduce an additional 3-8% uncertainty in the radius of an M-dwarf, while the choice of limb-darkening law can introduce up to an additional 2% uncertainty. The choices in orbital fitting and evolutionary models can introduce significant uncertainties in measurements of physical properties of such systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/506/306
- Title:
- EBLM project. VIII.43 M-dwarf light curve
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/506/306
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The accuracy of theoretical mass, radius and effective temperature values for M-dwarf stars is an active topic of debate. Differences between observed and theoretical values have raised the possibility that current theoretical stellar structure and evolution models are inaccurate towards the low-mass end of the main sequence. To explore this issue we use the CHEOPS satellite to obtain high-precision light curves of eclipsing binaries with low mass stellar companions. We use these light curves combined with the spectroscopic orbit for the solar-type companion to measure the mass, radius and effective temperature of the M-dwarf star. Here we present the analysis of three eclipsing binaries. We use the pycheops data analysis software to fit the observed transit and eclipse events of each system. Two of our systems were also observed by the TESS satellite - we similarly analyse these light curves for comparison. We find consistent results between CHEOPS and TESS, presenting three stellar radii and two stellar effective temperature values of low-mass stellar objects. These initial results from our on-going observing programme with CHEOPS show that we can expect to have ~24 new mass, radius and effective temperature measurements for very low mass stars within the next few years.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/578/A45
- Title:
- E-BOSS. II. Catalogue second release
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/578/A45
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Stellar bow shocks have been studied not only observationally, but also theoretically since the late 1980s. Only a few catalogues of them exist. The bow shocks show emission along all the electromagnetic spectrum, but they are detected more easily in infrared wavelengths. The release of new and high-quality infrared data eases the discovery and subsequent study of new objects. We search stellar bow-shock candidates associated with nearby runaway stars, and gather them together with those found elsewhere, to enlarge the list of the E-BOSS first release. We aim to characterize the bow-shock candidates and provide a database suitable for statistical studies. We investigate the low-frequency radio emission at the position of the bow-shock features, that can contribute to further studies of high-energy emission from these objects. We considered samples from different literature sources and searched for bow-shaped structures associated with stars in the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) images. We looked for each bow-shock candidate on centimeter radio surveys. We reunited 45 bow-shock candidates and generated composed WISE images to show the emission in different infrared bands. Among them there are new sources, previously studied objects, and bow shocks found serendipitously. Five bow shocks show evidence of radio emission. Stellar bow shocks constitute an active field with open questions and enormous amounts of data to be analyzed. Future research at all wavelengths databases, and use of instruments like Gaia, will provide a more complete picture of these objects. For instance, infrared spectral energy distributions can give information about physical parameters of the bow shock matter. In addition, dedicated high-sensitivity radio observations can help to understand the radio-{gamma} connection.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/453/1879
- Title:
- EC Blue Object survey. -40{deg}>b>-50{deg}
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/453/1879
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Results for Zone 3 of the Edinburgh-Cape (EC) Blue Object survey are presented. This zone covers that part of the South Galactic Cap between 40{deg} and 50{deg} from the Galactic plane and south of about -12.3{deg} of declination. EC Zone 3 contains 53 UK Schmidt Telescope fields covering about 1400 deg2 in which we find some 534 blue objects, including hot subdwarfs (~39 percent), white dwarfs (~21 percent), cataclysmic variables (~2 percent) and some star-like galaxies (~9 percent). A further 178 cooler stars observed in the survey, including low-metallicity F- and G-type stars, are also listed. Both low-dispersion spectroscopic classification and UBV photometry are presented for almost all of the hot objects and either spectroscopy or photometry (sometimes both) for the cooler ones.