- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/830/17
- Title:
- Galactic Center secondary IR astrometric standards
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/830/17
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present new, more precise measurements of the mass and distance of our Galaxy's central supermassive black hole, Sgr A*. These results stem from a new analysis that more than doubles the time baseline for astrometry of faint stars orbiting Sgr A*, combining 2 decades of speckle imaging and adaptive optics data. Specifically, we improve our analysis of the speckle images by using information about a star's orbit from the deep adaptive optics data (2005-2013) to inform the search for the star in the speckle years (1995-2005). When this new analysis technique is combined with the first complete re-reduction of Keck Galactic Center speckle images using speckle holography, we are able to track the short-period star S0-38 (K-band magnitude=17, orbital period=19yr) through the speckle years. We use the kinematic measurements from speckle holography and adaptive optics to estimate the orbits of S0-38 and S0-2 and thereby improve our constraints of the mass (M_bh_) and distance (R_o_) of SgrA*: M_bh_=(4.02+/-0.16+/-0.04)x10^6^M_{sun}_ and 7.86+/-0.14+/-0.04kpc. The uncertainties in M_bh_ and R_o_ as determined by the combined orbital fit of S0-2 and S0-38 are improved by a factor of 2 and 2.5, respectively, compared to an orbital fit of S0-2 alone and a factor of ~2.5 compared to previous results from stellar orbits. This analysis also limits the extended dark mass within 0.01 pc to less than 0.13x10^6^M_{sun}_ at 99.7% confidence, a factor of 3 lower compared to prior work.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/181/110
- Title:
- Galactic center X-ray sources
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/181/110
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalog of 9017 X-ray sources identified in Chandra observations of a 2{deg}x0.8{deg} field around the Galactic center. This enlarges the number of known X-ray sources in the region by a factor of 2.5. The catalog incorporates all of the ACIS-I observations as of 2007 August, which total 2.25Ms of exposure. At the distance to the Galactic center (8kpc), we are sensitive to sources with luminosities of 4x10^32^erg/s (0.5-8.0keV; 90% confidence) over an area of 1deg^2^, and up to an order of magnitude more sensitive in the deepest exposure (1.0Ms) around Sgr A*. The positions of 60% of our sources are accurate to <1" (95% confidence), and 20% have positions accurate to <0.5". We search for variable sources, and find that 3% exhibit flux variations within an observation, and 10% exhibit variations from observation-to-observation. We also find one source, CXOUGC J174622.7-285218, with a periodic 1745s signal (1.4% chance probability), which is probably a magnetically accreting cataclysmic variable. We compare the spatial distribution of X-ray sources to a model for the stellar distribution, and find 2.8{sigma} evidence for excesses in the numbers of X-ray sources in the region of recent star formation encompassed by the Arches, Quintuplet, and Galactic center star clusters. These excess sources are also seen in the luminosity distribution of the X-ray sources, which is flatter near the Arches and Quintuplet than elsewhere in the field. These excess point sources, along with a similar longitudinal asymmetry in the distribution of diffuse iron emission that has been reported by other authors, probably have their origin in the young stars that are prominent at l~0.1{deg}.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/381/32
- Title:
- Galactic Cepheid abundances
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/381/32
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- File table1 contains information about the program stars and spectra . Note that we also added to our sample two distant Cepheids (TV Cam and YZ Aur) which were previously analyzed by Harris & Pilachowski (1984ApJ...282..655H). File table2 contains relative-to-solar averaged elemental abundances (i.e. [El/H]) for program stars. First column gives the name of the star, other columns list the abundance data for all investigated elements. File tablea1 contains an Appendix table with elemental abundances from individual ions (ions are listed in the first column). For each star the following information is given: relative-to-solar abundance of a given ion (i.e. [M/H]), sigma-value, number of the lines used in analysis, absolute abundance of a given ion (M/H) in the scale where logA(H)=12.00.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/142/51
- Title:
- Galactic Cepheids abundance variations
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/142/51
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This paper reports on the spectroscopic investigation of 101 Cepheids in the Carina region. These Cepheids extend previous samples by about 35% in number and increase the amount of the Galactic disk coverage especially in the direction of l~~270{deg}. The new Cepheids do not add much information to the radial gradient, but provide a substantial increase in azimuthal coverage. We find no azimuthal dependence in abundance over an 80{deg} angle from the Galactic center in an annulus of 1kpc depth centered on the Sun. A simple linear fit to the Cepheid data yields a gradient d[Fe/H]/dR_G_=-0.055+/-0.003dex/kpc which is somewhat shallower than found from our previous, smaller Cepheid sample.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/623/A116
- Title:
- Galactic Cepheids and RR Lyrae multiplicity. I.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/623/A116
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Classical Cepheids (CCs) and RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) are important classes of variable stars used as standard candles to estimate galactic and extragalactic distances. Their multiplicity is imperfectly known, particularly for RRLs. Astoundingly, only one RRL is convincingly demonstrated to be a binary as of today, TU UMa, out of tens of thousands of known RRLs. We aim at detecting the binary and multiple stars present in a sample of Milky Way CCs and RRLs. In the present article, we combine the Hipparcos and Gaia DR2 positions to determine the mean proper motion of the targets, and we search for proper motion anomalies (PMa) caused by close-in orbiting companions. We identify 57 CC binaries from PMa out of 254 tested stars, and 75 additional candidates, confirming the high binary fraction of these massive stars. For 28 binary CCs, we determine the companion mass by combining their spectroscopic orbital parameters and astrometric PMa. We detect 13 RRLs showing a significant PMa out of 198 tested stars, and 61 additional candidates. We determine that the binarity fraction of CCs is likely above 80%, while that of RRLs is at least 7%. The newly detected systems will be useful to improve our understanding of their evolutionary states. The discovery of a significant number of RRLs in binary systems also resolves the long-standing mystery of their extremely low apparent binarity fraction.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/623/A117
- Title:
- Galactic Cepheids and RR Lyrae multiplicity. II
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/623/A117
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The multiplicity of Classical Cepheids (CCs) and RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) is still imperfectly known, particularly for RRLs. In order to complement the close-in short orbital period systems presented in Paper I (Kervella et al., 2019, Cat. J/A+A/623/A16), we aim at detecting the wide, spatially resolved companions of the targets of our reference samples of Galactic CCs and RRLs. Angularly resolved common proper motion pairs are detected using a simple progressive selection algorithm to separate the most probable candidate companions from the unrelated field stars. We detect 27 resolved, high probability gravitationally bound systems with CCs out of 456 examined stars, and one unbound star embedded in the circumstellar dusty nebula of the long-period Cepheid RS Pup. We find 7 spatially resolved, probable bound systems with RRL primaries out of 789 investigated stars, and 22 additional candidate pairs. We report in particular new companions of three bright RRLs: OV And (companion of F4V spectral type), RR Leo (M0V) and SS Oct (K2V). In addition, we discovered resolved companions of 14 stars of various variability classes that were misclassified as RRLs. The detection of resolved common proper motion companions around CCs and RRLs facilitates the validation of their GDR2 parallaxes. The possibility to conduct a detailed analysis of the resolved coeval companions of CCs and old population RRLs will also be valuable to progress on our understanding of their evolutionary path.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/143/211
- Title:
- Galactic Cepheids BVRI photometry
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/143/211
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report a new version of the catalogue of distances and light-curve parameters for Galactic classical Cepheids. The catalogue lists amplitudes, magnitudes at maximum light, and intensity means for 455 stars in BVRI filters of the Johnson system and (RI)_C_ filters of the Cron-Cousins system. The distances are based on our new multicolour set of Period/Luminosity relations and on our Cepheid-based solution for interstellar extinction law parameters and are referred to an LMC distance modulus of 18.25.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/779/79
- Title:
- Galactic CHaMP. II. Dense gas clumps.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/779/79
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Census of High- and Medium-mass Protostars (CHaMP) is the first large-scale (280{deg}<l<300{deg}, -4{deg}<b<2{deg}), unbiased, subparsec resolution survey of Galactic molecular clumps and their embedded stars. Barnes et al. (Paper I, 2011, J/ApJS/196/12) presented the source catalog of ~300 clumps based on HCO^+^(1-0) emission, used to estimate masses M. Here we use archival midinfrared-to-millimeter continuum data to construct spectral energy distributions. Fitting two-temperature gray-body models, we derive bolometric luminosities, L. We find that the clumps have 10<~L/L_{sun}_<~10^6.5^ and 0.1<~L/M/[L_{sun}_/M_{sun}_]<~10^3^, consistent with a clump population spanning a range of instantaneous star-formation efficiencies from 0 to ~50%. We thus expect L/M to be a useful, strongly varying indicator of clump evolution during the star cluster formation process.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/831/67
- Title:
- Galactic CHaMP. III. ^12^CO dense clump properties
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/831/67
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the second complete molecular line data release from the Census of High- and Medium-mass Protostars (CHaMP), a large-scale, unbiased, uniform mapping survey at sub-parsec resolution, of millimeter-wave line emission from 303 massive, dense molecular clumps in the Milky Way. This release is for all ^12^CO J=1->0 emission associated with the dense gas, the first from Phase II of the survey, which includes ^12^CO, ^13^CO, and C^18^O. The observed clump emission traced by both ^12^CO and HCO^+^ (from Phase I) shows very similar morphology, indicating that, for dense molecular clouds and complexes of all sizes, parsec-scale clumps contain {Xi}~75% of the mass, while only 25% of the mass lies in extended (>~10pc) or "low density" components in these same areas. The mass fraction of all gas above a density of 10^9^m^-3^ is {xi}_9_>~50%. This suggests that parsec-scale clumps may be the basic building blocks of the molecular interstellar medium, rather than the standard giant molecular cloud (GMC) concept. Using ^12^CO emission, we derive physical properties of these clumps in their entirety, and compare them to properties from HCO^+^, tracing their denser interiors. We compare the standard X-factor converting I_^12^CO_ to N_H2_ with alternative conversions, and show that only the latter give whole-clump properties that are physically consistent with those of their interiors. We infer that the clump population is systematically closer to virial equilibrium than when considering only their interiors, with perhaps half being long-lived (10s of Myr), pressure-confined entities that only terminally engage in vigorous massive star formation, supporting other evidence along these lines that was previously published.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PAZh/39/942
- Title:
- Galactic classical Cepheids properties
- Short Name:
- J/PAZh/39/942
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Based on our compiled catalogue of positions, velocities, ages, and abundances of nine chemical elements for 221 classical Cepheids, we analyze the dependences of the relative abundances of alpha-elements as well as rapid and slow neutron capture elements on metallicity, space velocity components, and Galactocentric distance.