- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/475/788
- Title:
- GAMA blue spheroids within 87 Mpc
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/475/788
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this paper, we test if nearby blue spheroid (BSph) galaxies may become the progenitors of star-forming spiral galaxies or passively evolving elliptical galaxies. Our sample comprises 428 galaxies of various morphologies in the redshift range 0.002<z<0.02 (8-87Mpc) with panchromatic data from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey. We find that BSph galaxies are structurally (mean effective surface brightness, effective radius) very similar to their passively evolving red counterparts. However, their star formation and other properties such as colour, age, and metallicity are more like star-forming spirals than spheroids (ellipticals and lenticulars). We show that BSph galaxies are statistically distinguishable from other spheroids as well as spirals in the multidimensional space mapped by luminosity-weighted age, metallicity, dust mass, and specific star formation rate. We use HI data to reveal that some of the BSphs are (further) developing their discs, hence their blue colours. They may eventually become spiral galaxies - if sufficient gas accretion occurs - or more likely fade into low-mass red galaxies.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/477/4116
- Title:
- GAMA. galaxy structure across green valley
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/477/4116
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using a sample of 472 local Universe (z<0.06) galaxies in the stellar mass range 10.25<logM*/M_{sun}_<10.75, we explore the variation in galaxy structure as a function of morphology and galaxy colour. Our sample of galaxies is sub-divided into red, green and blue colour groups and into elliptical and non-elliptical (disk-type) morphologies. Using KiDS and VIKING derived postage stamp images, a group of eight volunteers visually classified bars, rings, morphological lenses, tidal streams, shells and signs of merger activity for all systems. We find a significant surplus of rings (2.3{sigma}) and lenses (2.9{sigma}) in disk-type galaxies as they transition across the green valley. Combined, this implies a joint ring/lens green valley surplus significance of 3.3{sigma} relative to equivalent disk-types within either the blue cloud or the red sequence. We recover a bar fraction of ~44% which remains flat with colour, however, we find that the presence of a bar acts to modulate the incidence of rings and (to a lesser extent) lenses, with rings in barred disk-type galaxies more common by ~20-30 percentage points relative to their unbarred counterparts, regardless of colour. Additionally, green valley disk-type galaxies with a bar exhibit a significant 3.0{sigma} surplus of lenses relative to their blue/red analogues. The existence of such structures rules out violent transformative events as the primary end-of-life evolutionary mechanism, with a more passive scenario the favoured candidate for the majority of galaxies rapidly transitioning across the green valley.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/491/3586
- Title:
- 611 {gamma} Doradus stars Kepler data
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/491/3586
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report our survey of {gamma} Dor stars from the 4-yr Kepler mission. These stars pulsate mainly in g modes and r modes, showing period-spacing patterns in the amplitude spectra. The period-spacing patterns are sensitive to the chemical composition gradients and the near-core rotation, hence they are essential for understanding the stellar interior. We identified period-spacing patterns in 611 {gamma} Dor stars. Almost every star pulsates in dipole g modes, while about 30 per cent of stars also show clear patterns for quadrupole g modes and 16 per cent of stars present r-mode patterns. We measure periods, period spacings, and the gradient of the period spacings. These three observables guide the mode identifications and can be used to estimate the near-core rotation rate. We find many stars are hotter and show longer period-spacing patterns than theory. Using the traditional approximation of rotation (TAR), we inferred the asymptotic spacings, the near-core rotation rates, and the radial orders of the g and r modes. Most stars have a near-core rotation rate around 1d^-1^ and an asymptotic spacing around 4000s. We also find that many stars rotate more slowly than predicted by theory for unclear reasons. 11 stars show rotational splittings with fast rotation rates. We compared the observed slope-rotation relation with the theory and find a large spread. We detected rotational modulations in 58 stars and used them to derive the core-to-surface rotation ratios. The interiors rotate faster than the cores in most stars, but by no more than 5 per cent.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/556/A52
- Title:
- {gamma} Dor stars from Kepler
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/556/A52
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The launches of the MOST, CoRoT, and Kepler missions opened up a new era in asteroseismology, the study of stellar interiors via interpretation of pulsation patterns observed at the surfaces of large groups of stars. These space missions deliver a huge amount of high-quality photometric data suitable to study numerous pulsating stars. Our ultimate goal is a detection and analysis of an extended sample of {gamma} Dor-type pulsating stars with the aim to search for observational evidence of non-uniform period spacings and rotational splittings of gravity modes in main-sequence stars typically twice as massive as the Sun. This kind of diagnostic can be used to deduce the internal rotation law and to estimate the amount of rotational mixing in the near core regions. We applied an automated supervised photometric classification method to select a sample of 69 Gamma Doradus ({gamma} Dor) candidate stars. We used an advanced method to extract the Kepler light curves from the pixel data information using custom masks. For 36 of the stars, we obtained high-resolution spectroscopy with the HERMES spectrograph installed at the Mercator telescope. The spectroscopic data are analysed to determine the fundamental parameters like Teff, log g, vsini, and [M/H]. We find that all stars for which spectroscopic estimates of Teff and log g are available fall into the region of the HR diagram, where the {gamma} Dor and {delta} Sct instability strips overlap. The stars cluster in a 700 K window in effective temperature; log g measurements suggest luminosity class IV-V, i.e. sub-giant or main-sequence stars. From the Kepler photometry, we identify 45 {gamma} Dor-type pulsators, 14 {gamma} Dor/{delta} Sct hybrids, and 10 stars, which are classified as "possibly {gamma} Dor/{delta} Sct hybrid pulsators". We find a clear correlation between the spectroscopically derived vsini and the frequencies of independent pulsation modes.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/458/2307
- Title:
- gamma Dor stars spectroscopic survey
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/458/2307
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a spectroscopic survey of known and candidate {gamma} Doradus stars. The high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra of 52 objects were collected by five different spectrographs. The spectral classification, atmospheric parameters (T_eff_, logg, {xi}), vsini and chemical composition of the stars were derived. The stellar spectral and luminosity classes were found between G0-A7 and IV-V, respectively. The initial values for T_eff_ and logg were determined from the photometric indices and spectral energy distribution. Those parameters were improved by the analysis of hydrogen lines. The final values of T_eff_, logg and {xi} were derived from the iron lines analysis. The T_eff_ values were found between 6000K and 7900K, while log g values range from 3.8 to 4.5dex. Chemical abundances and vsin i values were derived by the spectrum synthesis method. The vsini values were found between 5 and 240km/s. The chemical abundance pattern of {gamma} Doradus stars were compared with the pattern of non-pulsating stars. It turned out that there is no significant difference in abundance patterns between these two groups. Additionally, the relations between the atmospheric parameters and the pulsation quantities were checked. A strong correlation between the vsini and the pulsation periods of {gamma} Doradus variables was obtained. The accurate positions of the analysed stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram have been shown. Most of our objects are located inside or close to the blue edge of the theoretical instability strip of {gamma} Doradus.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/428/220
- Title:
- Gamma-ray AGN type determination
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/428/220
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) is producing the most detailed inventory of the gamma-ray sky to date. Despite tremendous achievements approximately 25 per cent of all Fermi extragalactic sources in the Second Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalogue (2FGL) are listed as active galactic nuclei (AGN) of uncertain type. Typically, these are suspected blazar candidates without a conclusive optical spectrum or lacking spectroscopic observations. Here, we explore the use of machine-learning algorithms - random forests and support vector machines - to predict specific AGN subclass based on observed gamma-ray spectral properties. After training and testing on identified/associated AGN from the 2FGL we find that 235 out of 269 AGN of uncertain type have properties compatible with gamma-ray BL Lacertae and flat-spectrum radio quasars with accuracy rates of 85 per cent. Additionally, direct comparison of our results with class predictions made after following the infrared colour-colour space of Massaro et al. shows that the agreement rate is over four-fifths for 54 overlapping sources, providing independent cross-validation. These results can help tailor follow-up spectroscopic programmes and inform future pointed surveys with ground-based Cherenkov telescopes.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/626/95
- Title:
- Gamma-ray blazar candidates
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/626/95
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In preparation for the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), we have compiled a sample of blazar candidates to increase the pool of well-studied active galactic nuclei from which GLAST counterparts will be drawn.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/590/109
- Title:
- Gamma-ray blazar in northern sky
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/590/109
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using survey data, we have re-evaluated the correlation of flat-spectrum radio sources with EGRET sources in the northern sky. An analysis incorporating the radio and X-ray properties and the gamma-ray source localization is used to gauge the reliability of associations and to search for counterparts of previously unidentified EGRET sources. Above |b|=10{deg}, where the classification is complete, we find that 70% of the northern EGRET sources have counterparts similar to the bright EGRET blazars. For several of these we identify known blazar counterparts more likely than the earlier proposed 3EG association; for ~20 we have new identifications. Spectroscopic confirmation of these candidates is in progress, and we have found flat-spectrum radio quasars and BL Lacertae counterparts with redshifts as high as 4. We also find strong evidence for a set of 28 objects with no plausible counterpart like the known EGRET blazars. These thus represent either a new extragalactic population or a population of Galactic objects with a large scale height. The survey has been extended into the plane, where we find several new blazar candidates; the bulk of the sources are, however, Galactic. Looking ahead to the GLAST era, we predict that several of the present 3EG sources are composite and that higher resolution data will break these into multiple blazar identifications.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/833/77
- Title:
- gamma-ray bright blazars optical polarization
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/833/77
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Blazars are highly variable active galactic nuclei that emit radiation at all wavelengths from radio to gamma rays. Polarized radiation from blazars is one key piece of evidence for synchrotron radiation at low energies, and it also varies dramatically. The polarization of blazars is of interest for understanding the origin, confinement, and propagation of jets. However, even though numerous measurements have been performed, the mechanisms behind jet creation, composition, and variability are still debated. We performed simultaneous gamma-ray and optical photopolarimetry observations of 45 blazars between 2008 July and 2014 December to investigate the mechanisms of variability and search for a basic relation between the several subclasses of blazars. We identify a correlation between the maximum degree of optical linear polarization and the gamma-ray luminosity or the ratio of gamma-ray to optical fluxes. Since the maximum polarization degree depends on the condition of the magnetic field (chaotic or ordered), this result implies a systematic difference in the intrinsic alignment of magnetic fields in parsec-scale relativistic jets between different types of blazars (flat-spectrum radio quasars vs. BL Lacs) and consequently between different types of radio galaxies (FR I versus FR II).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/789/135
- Title:
- Gamma-ray bright blazars spectrophotometry
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/789/135
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present {gamma}-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared light curves of 33 {gamma}-ray bright blazars over 4 years that we have been monitoring since 2008 August with multiple optical, ground-based telescopes and the Swift satellite, and augmented by data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and other publicly available data from Swift. The sample consists of 21 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and 12 BL Lac objects (BL Lacs). We identify quiescent and active states of the sources based on their {gamma}-ray behavior. We derive {gamma}-ray, X-ray, and optical spectral indices, {alpha}_{gamma}_, {alpha}_X_, and {alpha}_o_, respectively (F_{nu}_{prop.to}{nu}^{alpha}^), and construct spectral energy distributions during quiescent and active states. We analyze the relationships between different spectral indices, blazar classes, and activity states. We find (1) significantly steeper {gamma}-ray spectra of FSRQs than for BL Lacs during quiescent states, but a flattening of the spectra for FSRQs during active states while the BL Lacs show no significant change; (2) a small difference of {alpha}_X_ within each class between states, with BL Lac X-ray spectra significantly steeper than in FSRQs; (3) a highly peaked distribution of X-ray spectral slopes of FSRQs at ~ -0.60, but a very broad distribution of {alpha}_X_of BL Lacs during active states; (4) flattening of the optical spectra of FSRQs during quiescent states, but no statistically significant change of {alpha}_o_ of BL Lacs between states; and (5) a positive correlation between optical and {gamma}-ray spectral slopes of BL Lacs, with similar values of the slopes. We discuss the findings with respect to the relative prominence of different components of high-energy and optical emission as the flux state changes.