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571. AGN short time-scale optical variability
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/476/2501
Title:
AGN short time-scale optical variability
Short Name:
J/MNRAS/476/2501
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present the first short time-scale (~ hours to days) optical variability study of a large sample of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) observed with the Kepler/K2 mission. The sample contains 252 AGN observed over four campaigns with ~30 min cadence selected from the Million Quasar Catalogue with R magnitude <19. We performed time series analysis to determine their variability properties by means of the power spectral densities (PSDs) and applied Monte Carlo techniques to find the best model parameters that fit the observed power spectra. A power-law model is sufficient to describe all the PSDs of our sample. A variety of power-law slopes were found indicating that there is not a universal slope for all AGNs. We find that the rest-frame amplitude variability in the frequency range of 6x10^-6^-10^-4^Hz varies from 1 to 10 per cent with an average of 1.7 per cent. We explore correlations between the variability amplitude and key parameters of the AGN, finding a significant correlation of rest-frame short-term variability amplitude with redshift. We attribute this effect to the known 'bluer when brighter' variability of quasars combined with the fixed bandpass of Kepler data. This study also enables us to distinguish between Seyferts and blazars and confirm AGN candidates. For our study, we have compared results obtained from light curves extracted using different aperture sizes and with and without detrending. We find that limited detrending of the optimal photometric precision light curve is the best approach, although some systematic effects still remain present.
572. AGNs in LSB galaxies
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/RAA/9.269
Title:
AGNs in LSB galaxies
Short Name:
J/other/RAA/9.26
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) have received little attention in previous studies. We present a detailed spectral analysis of 194 LSBGs from the Impey et al. (1996, Cat. J/ApJS/105/209) APM LSBG sample which has been observed spectroscopically by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5 (SDSS DR5). Our elaborate spectral analysis enables us to carry out, for the first time, reliable spectral classification of nuclear processes in LSBGs based on the standard emission line diagnostic diagrams in a rigorous way. Star-forming galaxies are common, as found in about 52% of LSBGs.We find that, contrary to some previous claims, the fraction of galaxies that contain AGNs is significantly lower than that found in nearby normal galaxies of high surface brightness. This is qualitatively in line with the finding of Impey et al. This result holds true even within each morphological type from Sa to Sc. LSBGs that have larger central stellar velocity dispersions or larger physical sizes tend to have a higher chance of harboring an AGN. For three AGNs with broad emission lines, the black hole masses estimated from the emission lines are broadly consistent with the well known M-{sigma}* relation established for normal galaxies and AGNs.
573. AGNs in nuclear star clusters
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/678/116
Title:
AGNs in nuclear star clusters
Short Name:
J/ApJ/678/116
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We study galaxies that host both nuclear star clusters and AGNs, implying the presence of a massive black hole. We select a sample of 176 galaxies with previously detected nuclear star clusters that range from ellipticals to late-type spirals. We search for AGNs in this sample using optical spectroscopy and archival radio and X-ray data. We find galaxies of all Hubble types and with a wide range of masses (10^9^-10^11^M_{sun}_) hosting both AGNs and nuclear star clusters. From the optical spectra, we classify 10% of the galaxies as AGN and an additional 15% as composite, indicating a mix of AGN and star formation spectra. The fraction of nucleated galaxies with AGNs increases strongly as a function of galaxy and nuclear star cluster mass. For galaxies with both a nuclear star cluster and a black hole, we find that the masses of these two objects are quite similar. However, nondetections of black holes in Local Group nuclear star clusters show that not all clusters host black holes of similar masses. We discuss the implications of our results for the formation of nuclear star clusters and massive black holes.
574. AGNs in submm-selected Lockman Hole galaxies
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/514/A10
Title:
AGNs in submm-selected Lockman Hole galaxies
Short Name:
J/A+A/514/A10
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present a comparison of the SCUBA half degree extragalactic survey (SHADES) at 450{mu}m, 850{mu}m and 1100{mu}m with deep guaranteed time 15{mu}m AKARI FU-HYU survey data and Spitzer guaranteed time data at 3.6-24{mu}m in the Lockman hole east. The AKARI data was analysed using bespoke software based in part on the drizzling and minimum-variance matched filtering developed for SHADES, and was cross-calibrated against ISO fluxes.
575. AGNs in the Extended Groth Strip Survey
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/137/179
Title:
AGNs in the Extended Groth Strip Survey
Short Name:
J/AJ/137/179
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We have employed a reliable technique of classification of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on the fit of well sampled spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with a complete set of AGN and starburst galaxy templates. We have compiled UV, optical, and IR data for a sample of 116 AGNs originally selected for their X-ray and mid-IR emissions (96 with single detections and 20 with double optical counterparts). This is the most complete compilation of multiwavelength data for such a large sample of AGN in the Extended Groth Strip. Through these SEDs, we are able to obtain highly reliable photometric redshifts and to distinguish between pure and host-dominated AGNs.
576. AGNs in the MIR using AllWISE data
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/221/12
Title:
AGNs in the MIR using AllWISE data
Short Name:
J/ApJS/221/12
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present an all-sky sample of ~1.4 million active galactic nuclei (AGNs) meeting a two-color infrared photometric selection criteria for AGNs as applied to sources from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer final catalog release (AllWISE). We assess the spatial distribution and optical properties of our sample and find that the results are consistent with expectations for AGNs. These sources have a mean density of ~38 AGNs per square degree on the sky, and their apparent magnitude distribution peaks at g~20, extending to objects as faint as g~26. We test the AGN selection criteria against a large sample of optically identified stars and determine the "leakage" (that is, the probability that a star detected in an optical survey will be misidentified as a quasi-stellar object (QSO) in our sample) rate to be <=4.0x10^-5^. We conclude that our sample contains almost no optically identified stars (<=0.041%), making this sample highly promising for future celestial reference frame work as it significantly increases the number of all-sky, compact extragalactic objects. We further compare our sample to catalogs of known AGNs/QSOs and find a completeness value of >~84% (that is, the probability of correctly identifying a known AGN/QSO is at least 84%) for AGNs brighter than a limiting magnitude of R<~19. Our sample includes approximately 1.1 million previously uncataloged AGNs.
577. AGNs rest-frame UV and optical parameters
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/815/128
Title:
AGNs rest-frame UV and optical parameters
Short Name:
J/ApJ/815/128
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The ability to accurately derive black hole (BH) masses at progressively higher redshifts and over a wide range of continuum luminosities has become indispensable in the era of large-area extragalactic spectroscopic surveys. In this paper, we present an extension of existing comparisons between rest-frame UV and optical virial BH mass estimators to intermediate redshifts and luminosities comparable to the local H{beta} reverberation-mapped active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We focus on the Mg II, C IV, and C III] broad emission lines and compare them to both H{alpha} and H{beta}. We use newly acquired near-infrared spectra from the Fiber-fed Multi-object Spectrograph instrument on the Subaru telescope for 89 broad-lined AGNs at redshifts between 0.3 and 3.5, complemented by data from the AGES survey. We employ two different prescriptions for measuring the emission line widths and compare the results. We confirm that Mg II shows a tight correlation with H{alpha} and H{beta}, with a scatter of ~0.25 dex. The C IV and C III] estimators, while showing larger scatter, are viable virial mass estimators after accounting for a trend with the UV-to-optical luminosity ratio. We find an intrinsic scatter of ~0.37 dex between Balmer and carbon virial estimators by combining our data set with previous high redshift measurements. This updated comparison spans a total of three decades in BH mass. We calculate a virial factor for C IV/C III] logf_C IV/C III]_=0.87 with an estimated systematic uncertainty of ~0.4 dex and find excellent agreement between the local reverberation mapped AGN sample and our high-z sample.
578. AGNs with double-peaked [OIII] lines
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/705/L76
Title:
AGNs with double-peaked [OIII] lines
Short Name:
J/ApJ/705/L76
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Double-peaked [OIII] profiles in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) may provide evidence for the existence of dual AGNs, but a good diagnostic for selecting them is currently lacking. Starting from ~7000 active galaxies in Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7, we assemble a sample of 87 type 2 AGNs with double-peaked [OIII] profiles. The nuclear obscuration in the type 2 AGNs allows us to determine redshifts of host galaxies through stellar absorption lines. We typically find that one peak is redshifted and another is blueshifted relative to the host galaxy. We find a strong correlation between the ratios of the shifts and the double peak fluxes. The correlation can be naturally explained by the Keplerian relation predicted by models of co-rotating dual AGNs. The current sample statistically favors that most of the [OIII] double-peaked sources are dual AGNs and disfavors other explanations, such as rotating disk and outflows. These dual AGNs have a separation distance at ~1kpc scale, showing an intermediate phase of merging systems. The appearance of dual AGNs is about ~10^-2^, impacting on the current observational deficit of binary supermassive black holes with a probability of ~10^-4^ (Boroson & Lauer, 2009Natur.458...53B).
579. AGN Torus model comparison of AGN in the CDFS
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/564/A125
Title:
AGN Torus model comparison of AGN in the CDFS
Short Name:
J/A+A/564/A125
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Active Galactic Nuclei are known to have complex X-ray spectra that depend on both the properties of the accreting supermassive black hole (e.g. mass, accretion rate) and the distribution of obscuring material in its vicinity (i.e. the "torus"). Often however, simple and even unphysical models are adopted to represent the X-ray spectra of AGN, which do not capture the complexity and diversity of the observations. In the case of blank field surveys in particular, this should have an impact on e.g. the determination of the AGN luminosity function, the inferred accretion history of the Universe and also on our understanding of the relation between AGN and their host galaxies. We develop a Bayesian framework for model comparison and parameter estimation of X-ray spectra. We take into account uncertainties associated with both the Poisson nature of X-ray data and the determination of source redshift using photometric methods. We also demonstrate how Bayesian model comparison can be used to select among ten different physically motivated X-ray spectral models the one that provides a better representation of the observations. This methodology is applied to X-ray AGN in the 4 Ms Chandra Deep Field South. For the ~350 AGN in that field, our analysis identifies four components needed to represent the diversity of the observed X-ray spectra: (1) an intrinsic power law, (2) a cold obscurer which reprocesses the radiation due to photo-electric absorption, Compton scattering and Fe-K fluorescence, (3) an unabsorbed power law associated with Thomson scattering off ionised clouds, and (4) Compton reflection, most noticeable from a stronger-than-expected Fe-K line. Simpler models, such as a photo-electrically absorbed power law with a Thomson scattering component, are ruled out with decisive evidence (B>100). We also find that ignoring the Thomson scattering component results in underestimation of the inferred column density, N_H_, of the obscurer. Regarding the geometry of the obscurer, there is strong evidence against both a completely closed (e.g. sphere), or entirely open (e.g. blob of material along the line of sight), toroidal geometry in favour of an intermediate case. Despite the use of low-count spectra, our methodology is able to draw strong inferences on the geometry of the torus. Simpler models are ruled out in favour of a geometrically extended structure with significant Compton scattering. We confirm the presence of a soft component, possibly associated with Thomson scattering off ionised clouds in the opening angle of the torus. The additional Compton reflection required by data over that predicted by toroidal geometry models, may be a sign of a density gradient in the torus or reflection off the accretion disk. Finally, we release a catalogue of AGN in the CDFS with estimated parameters such as the accretion luminosity in the 2-10keV band and the column density, N_H_, of the obscurer.
580. AGN vs. host galaxy properties in COSMOS field
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/602/A123
Title:
AGN vs. host galaxy properties in COSMOS field
Short Name:
J/A+A/602/A123
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The coeval AGN and galaxy evolution and the observed local relations between SMBHs and galaxy properties suggest some connection or feedback between SMBH growth and galaxy build-up. We looked for correlations between properties of X-ray detected AGN and their FIR detected host galaxies, to find quantitative evidences for this connection, highly debated in the latest years. We exploit the rich multi-wavelength data set available in the COSMOS field for a large sample (692 sources) of AGN and their hosts, in the redshift range 0.1<z<4. We use X-ray data to select AGN and determine their properties (intrinsic luminosity and nuclear obscuration), and broad-band SED fitting to derive host galaxy properties (stellar mass M* and star formation rate SFR). We find that the AGN 2-10keV luminosity (LX) and the host 8-1000um star formation luminosity (LSFIR) are significantly correlated. However, the average host LSFIR has a flat distribution in bins of AGN LX, while the average AGN LX increases in bins of host LSFIR, with logarithmic slope of ~0.7, in the redshifts range 0.4<z<1.2. We also discuss the comparison between the distribution of these two quantities and the predictions from hydro-dynamical simulations. Finally we find that the average column density (NH) shows a positive correlation with the host M*, at all redshifts, but not with the SFR (or LSFIR). This translates into a negative correlation with specific SFR. Our results are in agreement with the idea that BH accretion and SF rates are correlated, but occur with different variability time scales. The presence of a positive correlation between NH and host M* suggests that the X-ray NH is not entirely due to the circum-nuclear obscuring torus, but may also include a contribution from the host galaxy.

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