- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/VII/85A
- Title:
- Hickson Compact Groups of Galaxies
- Short Name:
- VII/85A
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The catalog is a list of 100 compact groups of galaxies identified by a systematic search of the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey red prints. Each group contains four or more galaxies, has an estimated mean surface brightness brighter than 26.0 magnitude per arcsec and satisfies an isolation criterion. The catalog includes running numbers, equatorial coordinates, group types according to the two brightest members, number of galaxies in the group, angular diameters of the smallest circles containing the geometric centers of all group members, total magnitudes (red) of those galaxies counted as group members, estimated red magnitudes of the brightest galaxies in the groups, corrected redshifts of the brightest galaxies, and other designations of the groups.
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- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/hcg
- Title:
- Hickson Compact Groups of Galaxies (HCG) Catalog
- Short Name:
- Hickson Group
- Date:
- 27 Sep 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The HCG database table is based on the Hickson Catalog, which is a list of 100 compact groups of galaxies that were identified by a systematic search of the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey red prints. Each group contains four or more galaxies, has an estimated mean surface brightness brighter than 26.0 magnitude per arcsec<sup>2</sup> and satisfies an isolation criterion. Dynamical parameters which were derived for 92 of the 100 groups are also included in the database. (Note that the Hubble constant was assumed to be Ho = 100 km/s/Mpc.) This database table essentially contains the information given in Table 1 of Hickson, P. (1982, ApJ, 255, 382) and Table 3 of Hickson, P. et al. (1992, ApJ, 399, 353). Consequently, the information on individual galaxies in the Hickson groups that is also given in these references, e.g., in Table 2 of Hickson, P. et al. (1992, ApJ, 399, 353), is not in the HCG database table; however, the latter data can be found in the related HEASARC database table HCGGALAXY. This online catalog was created by the HEASARC in August, 1999, based on machine-readable tables obtained from the ADC/CDS data centers (<a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/VII/213:">CDS catalog VII/213:</a> files groups.dat and dynamics.dat). The HEASARC refined the coordinates, corrected the dynamics_flag values, and updated the table's metadata in August, 2005. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/hcggalaxy
- Title:
- Hickson Compact Groups of Galaxies (HCG) Individual Galaxies Data
- Short Name:
- Hickson(Gal)
- Date:
- 27 Sep 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The HCGGALAXY database table is based on the Hickson Catalog of Compact Groups, and contains data on 463 galaxies in 100 compact groups of galaxies that were identified by a systematic search of the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey red prints. Each group contains four or more galaxies, has an estimated mean surface brightness brighter than 26.0 magnitude per arcsec<sup>2</sup> and satisfies an isolation criterion. Astrometry, photometry, and morphological types, derived from CCD images, are presented for the 463 galaxies. Radial velocities are given for 457 of the 463 galaxies: more than 84% of the galaxies measured have radial velocities that are within 1000 km/s of the group median velocity. Morphological information derived from either an isophotal analysis or from a visual inspection of images is given for 210 of the 463 galaxies. This database table essentially contains the information given in Table 2 of Hickson, P. et al. (1989, ApJS, 70, 687), Table 2 of Hickson, P. et al. (1992, ApJ, 399, 353), and Table 2 of Mendes de Oliveira, C. and Hickson, P. (1994, ApJ, 427, 684). Consequently, the information on the properties of the Hickson Compact Groups as units that is also given in some of these references, e.g., in Table 3 of Hickson, P. et al. (1992, ApJ, 399, 353), is not in the HCGGALXY database table; however, the latter data can be found in the related HEASARC database table HCG. This database table was created by the HEASARC in August, 1999, based on machine-readable tables obtained from the ADC/CDS data centers (<a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/VII/213">CDS catalog VII/213</a>, files galaxies.dat and morpho.dat). The HEASARC added Galactic coordinates and updated the table's metadata in August, 2005. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/VII/213
- Title:
- Hickson's Compact groups of Galaxies
- Short Name:
- VII/213
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The catalog of groups (file "groups.dat") is a list of 100 compact groups of galaxies identified by a systematic search of the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey red prints. Each group contains four or more galaxies, has an estimated mean surface brightness brighter than 26.0 magnitude per arcsec^2^ and satisfies an isolation criterion. Dynamical parameters were derived for 92 of the 100 groups, which are listed in file "dynamics.dat"; the Hubble constant was assumed to be Ho=100km/s/Mpc. Data about individual galaxies in these groups are merged into the "galaxies.dat" file; these data include photometric parameters, morphology, redshifts and absolute magnitudes originally published in four different papers. They result from CCD observations at CFHT (Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope) in 1983-1985. Redshifts were observed at the 1.5m telescope of the F.L. Whipple Observatory on Mt. Hopkins, Arizona, over the period 1984-1986, in wavelength range 470-710nm; the remaining fainter galaxies were observed with the CFHT.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/770/L4
- Title:
- HI clouds around the Galactic Center
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/770/L4
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We describe a population of small, high-velocity, atomic hydrogen clouds, loops, and filaments found above and below the disk near the Galactic center. The objects have a mean radius of 15pc, velocity widths of ~14km/s, and are observed at |z| heights up to 700pc. The velocity distribution of the clouds shows no signature of Galactic rotation. We propose a scenario where the clouds are associated with an outflow from a central star-forming region at the Galactic center. We discuss the clouds as entrained material traveling at ~200km/s in a Galactic wind.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/157/241
- Title:
- HI clouds in LITTLE THINGS dwarf irregular galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/157/241
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We identify 814 discrete H I clouds in 40 dwarf irregular galaxies from the LITTLE THINGS survey using an automated cloud-finding algorithm. The cloud masses range from ~10^3^ to 10^7^ M_{sun}_, have a surface density averaged over all of the clouds of ~9.65 M_{sun}_/pc^2^, and constitute 2%-53% of the total H I mass of the host galaxy. For individual clouds, the mass including He varies with cloud radius as logM_gas_=(2.11+/-0.04)xlogR_cl_+(0.78+/-0.08) and the internal velocity dispersion varies as logV_disp_=0.5xlogR_cl_-0.57+/-0.21. The H I clouds tend to be in the outer regions of the galaxies, with 72% of the galaxies having more than 70% of their clouds outside one disk scale length and 32% of the galaxies having more than 50% of their clouds outside the radius encircling the H II emission. Thirty-six percent of the clouds are essentially non-self-gravitating from H I alone, with a virial parameter that exceeds {alpha}_vir_~10, and 5% have {alpha}_vir_=<2. We estimate the missing molecular mass, based on the total star formation rate and a typical molecular consumption time of 2 Gyr, as observed in CO-rich galaxies. The resulting molecular fraction has a value averaged over the galaxies of 0.23 and correlates with both the surface density of star formation and the fraction of H I clouds in the outer regions. We conclude that a significant fraction of the inner parts of these dwarf galaxy disks is in the form of dark molecular gas, and that this fraction could be high enough to make the inner disks mildly gravitationally unstable as a precursor to star formation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/722/367
- Title:
- HI clouds in Quadrant I of the Milky Way
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/722/367
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using 21cm HI observations from the Parkes Radio Telescope's Galactic All-Sky Survey, we measure 255 HI clouds in the lower Galactic halo that are located near the tangent points at 16.9<=l<=35.3{deg} and |b|<~20{deg}. The clouds have a median mass of 700M_{sun}_ and a median distance from the Galactic plane of 660pc.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/626/887
- Title:
- HI clouds in Southern Galactic Plane Survey
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/626/887
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an automated routine to search for HI self-absorption features within the Southern Galactic Plane Survey (SGPS). The data were taken with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Parkes Radio Telescope and encompass 3{deg}x105{deg} of sky in the Galactic plane. We apply our routine to this entire region and derive spin temperatures and column densities for 70 of the larger HISA complexes, finding spin temperatures ranging from 6 to 41K with HI number densities of a few cm^-3^. These "missing link" clouds fill in the spin temperature and density gaps between dense molecular clouds and diffuse atomic clouds. We compare the HI emission with ^12^CO emission and find that 60% of detected HI self-absorption is correlated in space and in velocity with a molecular counterpart. This is potentially due to a molecular/atomic gas transition. We also compare HI self-absorption with Galactic spiral arms and discuss the possibility of using it as a spiral arm tracer.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/462/4197
- Title:
- HI 21-cm absorption in redshifted galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/462/4197
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The star-forming reservoir in the distant Universe can be detected through HI 21-cm absorption arising from either cool gas associated with a radio source or from within a galaxy intervening the sightline to the continuum source. In order to test whether the nature of the absorber can be predicted from the profile shape, we have compiled and analysed all of the known redshifted (z>=0.1) HI 21-cm absorption profiles. Although between individual spectra there is too much variation to assign a typical spectral profile, we confirm that associated absorption profiles are, on average, wider than their intervening counterparts. It is widely hypothesized that this is due to high-velocity nuclear gas feeding the central engine, absent in the more quiescent intervening absorbers. Modelling the column density distribution of the mean associated and intervening spectra, we confirm that the additional low optical depth, wide dispersion component, typical of associated absorbers, arises from gas within the inner parsec. With regard to the potential of predicting the absorber type in the absence of optical spectroscopy, we have implemented machine learning techniques to the 55 associated and 43 intervening spectra, with each of the tested models giving a >=80 per cent accuracy in the prediction of the absorber type. Given the impracticability of follow-up optical spectroscopy of the large number of 21-cm detections expected from the next generation of large radio telescopes, this could provide a powerful new technique with which to determine the nature of the absorbing galaxy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/465/588
- Title:
- HI 21-cm absorption survey of QSO-galaxy pairs
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/465/588
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results from our survey of HI 21-cm absorption, using Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, Very Large Array and Westerbork Radio Synthesis Telescope, in a sample of 55 z<0.4 galaxies towards radio sources with impact parameters (b) in the range ~0-35kpc. In our primary sample (defined for statistical analyses) of 40 quasar-galaxy pairs, probed by 45 sightlines, we have found seven HI 21-cm absorption detections, two of which are reported here for the first time. Combining our primary sample with measurements having similar optical depth sensitivity ({int}{tau}dv<=0.3km/s) from the literature, we find a weak anti-correlation (rank correlation coefficient =-0.20 at 2.42{sigma} level) between {int}{tau}dv and b, consistent with previous literature results. The covering factor of HI 21-cm absorbers (C21) is estimated to be 0.24^+0.12^_-0.08_ at b<=15kpc and 0.06^+0.09^_-0.04_ at b=15-35kpc. {int}{tau}dv and C_21_ show similar declining trend with radial distance along the galaxy's major axis and distances scaled with the effective HI radius. There is also tentative indication that most of the HI 21-cm absorbers could be co-planar with the extended HI discs. No significant dependence of {int}{tau}dv and C_21_ on galaxy luminosity, stellar mass, colour and star formation rate is found, though the HI 21-cm absorbing gas cross-section may be larger for the luminous galaxies. The higher detection rate (by a factor of ~4) of HI 21-cm absorption in z<1 damped Lyman-{alpha} systems compared to the quasar-galaxy pairs indicates towards small covering factor and patchy distribution of cold gas clouds around low-z galaxies.