- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/230/9
- Title:
- Improved multi-band photometry from SERVS
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/230/9
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We apply The Tractor image modeling code to improve upon existing multi-band photometry for the Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (SERVS). SERVS consists of post-cryogenic Spitzer observations at 3.6 and 4.5{mu}m over five well-studied deep fields spanning 18deg^2^. In concert with data from ground-based near-infrared (NIR) and optical surveys, SERVS aims to provide a census of the properties of massive galaxies out to z~5. To accomplish this, we are using The Tractor to perform "forced photometry." This technique employs prior measurements of source positions and surface brightness profiles from a high-resolution fiducial band from the VISTA Deep Extragalactic Observations survey to model and fit the fluxes at lower-resolution bands. We discuss our implementation of The Tractor over a square-degree test region within the XMM Large Scale Structure field with deep imaging in 12 NIR/optical bands. Our new multi-band source catalogs offer a number of advantages over traditional position-matched catalogs, including (G1) consistent source cross-identification between bands, (2) de-blending of sources that are clearly resolved in the fiducial band but blended in the lower resolution SERVS data, (3) a higher source detection fraction in each band, (4) a larger number of candidate galaxies in the redshift range 5<z<6, and (5) a statistically significant improvement in the photometric redshift accuracy as evidenced by the significant decrease in the fraction of outliers compared to spectroscopic redshifts. Thus, forced photometry using The Tractor offers a means of improving the accuracy of multi-band extragalactic surveys designed for galaxy evolution studies. We will extend our application of this technique to the full SERVS footprint in the future.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/119/1448
- Title:
- Improved properties for cool stars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/119/1448
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present new grids of colors and bolometric corrections for F-K stars having 4000 K {<=} Teff {<=} 6500 K, 0.0 {<=} log(g) {<=} 4.5, and -3.0 {<=} [Fe/H] {<=} 0.0. Colors are tabulated for Johnson U-V and B-V, Cousins V-R and V-I, Johnson-Glass V-K, J-K, and H-K, and CIT/CTIO V-K, J-K, H-K, and CO. We have developed these color-temperature relations by convolving synthetic spectra with the best-determined, photometric filter transmission profiles. The synthetic spectra have been computed with the SSG spectral synthesis code (Bell & Gustafsson 1978; Gustafsson & Bell 1979) using MARCS stellar atmosphere models (Gustafsson et al. 1975; Bell et al. 1976) as input. Both of these codes have been improved substantially, especially at low temperatures, through the incorporation of new opacity data. The resulting synthetic colors have been put onto the observational systems by applying color calibrations derived from models and photometry of field stars that have effective temperatures determined by the infrared flux method. These color calibrations have zero points that change most of the original synthetic colors by less than 0.02 mag, and the corresponding slopes generally alter the colors by less than 5%.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/842/42
- Title:
- Improved reddenings for 59 Galactic Cepheids
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/842/42
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a new photometric method by which improved high-precision reddenings and true distance moduli can be determined to individual Galactic Cepheids once distance measurements are available. We illustrate that the relative positioning of stars in the Cepheid period-luminosity (PL) relation (Leavitt law) is preserved as a function of wavelength. This information then provides a powerful constraint for determining reddenings to individual Cepheids, as well as their distances. As a first step, we apply this method to the 59 Cepheids in the compilation of Fouque et al. Updated reddenings, distance moduli (or parallaxes), and absolute magnitudes in seven (optical through near-infrared) bands are given. From these intrinsic quantities, multiwavelength PL and color-color relations are derived. We find that the V-band period-luminosity-color relation has an rms scatter of only 0.06mag, so that individual Cepheid distances can be measured to 3%, compared with dispersions of 6 to 13% for the one-parameter K through B PL relations, respectively. This method will be especially useful in conjunction with the new accurate parallax sample upcoming from Gaia.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/405/2302
- Title:
- Improved redshifts for SDSS quasar spectra
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/405/2302
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A systematic investigation of the relationship between different redshift estimation schemes for more than 91000 quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 6 is presented. The publicly available SDSS quasar redshifts are shown to possess systematic biases of {Delta}z/(1+z)>=0.002 (600km/s) over both small ({delta}z~=0.1) and large ({delta}z~=1) redshift intervals. Empirical relationships between redshifts based on (i) CaII H&K host galaxy absorption, (ii) quasar [OII] {lambda}{lambda}3728, (iii) [OIII] {lambda}{lambda} 4960, 5008 emission and (iv) cross-correlation (with a master-quasar template) that includes, at increasing quasar redshift, the prominent MgII {lambda}{lambda} 2799, CIII] {lambda}{lambda} 1908 and CIV {lambda}{lambda} 1549 emission lines are established as a function of quasar redshift and luminosity. New redshifts in the resulting catalogue possess systematic biases, a factor of ~=20 lower compared to the SDSS redshift values; systematic effects are reduced to the level of {Delta}z/(1+z) (30km/s) per unit redshift or <=2.5x10^-5^ per unit absolute magnitude. Redshift errors, including components due both to internal reproducibility and to the intrinsic quasar-to-quasar variation among the population, are available for all quasars in the catalogue. The improved redshifts and their associated errors have wide applicability in areas such as quasar absorption outflows, quasar clustering, quasar-galaxy clustering and proximity-effect determinations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/767/95
- Title:
- Improved stellar parameters of smallest KIC stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/767/95
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use the optical and near-infrared photometry from the Kepler Input Catalog to provide improved estimates of the stellar characteristics of the smallest stars in the Kepler target list. We find 3897 dwarfs with temperatures below 4000K, including 64 planet candidate host stars orbited by 95 transiting planet candidates. We refit the transit events in the Kepler light curves for these planet candidates and combine the revised planet/star radius ratios with our improved stellar radii to revise the radii of the planet candidates orbiting the cool target stars. We then compare the number of observed planet candidates to the number of stars around which such planets could have been detected in order to estimate the planet occurrence rate around cool stars. We find that the occurrence rate of 0.5-4R_{oplus}_ planets with orbital periods shorter than 50 days is 0.90_0.03_^0.04^ planets per star. The occurrence rate of Earth-size (0.5-1.4R_{oplus}_) planets is constant across the temperature range of our sample at 0.51_0.05_^0.06^ Earth-size planets per star, but the occurrence of 1.4-4R_{oplus}_ planets decreases significantly at cooler temperatures. Our sample includes two Earth-size planet candidates in the habitable zone, allowing us to estimate that the mean number of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone is 0.15_0.06_^0.13^ planets per cool star. Our 95% confidence lower limit on the occurrence rate of Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of cool stars is 0.04 planets per star. With 95% confidence, the nearest transiting Earth-size planet in the habitable zone of a cool star is within 21pc. Moreover, the nearest non-transiting planet in the habitable zone is within 5pc with 95% confidence.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/646/A104
- Title:
- Improving the open cluster census. I.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/646/A104
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The census of open clusters in the Milky Way is in a never-before seen state of flux. Recent works have reported hundreds of new open clusters thanks to the incredible astrometric quality of the Gaia satellite, but other works have also reported that many open clusters discovered in the pre Gaia era may be associations. We aim to conduct a comparison of clustering algorithms used to detect open clusters, attempting to statistically quantify their strengths and weaknesses by deriving the sensitivity, specificity, and precision of each as well as their true positive rate against a larger sample. We selected DBSCAN, HDBSCAN, and Gaussian mixture models for further study, owing to their speed and appropriateness for use with Gaia data. We developed a preprocessing pipeline for Gaia data and developed the algorithms further for the specific application to open clusters. We derived detection rates for all 1385 open clusters in the fields in our study as well as more detailed performance statistics for 100 of these open clusters. DBSCAN was sensitive to 50%-62% of the true positive open clusters in our sample, with generally very good specificity and precision. HDBSCAN traded precision for a higher sensitivity of up to 82%, especially across different distances and scales of open clusters. Gaussian mixture models were slow and only sensitive to 33% of open clusters in our sample, which tended to be larger objects. Additionally, we report on 41 new open cluster candidates detected by HDBSCAN, three of which are closer than 500pc. When used with additional post-processing to mitigate its false positives, we have found that HDBSCAN is the most sensitive and effective algorithm for recovering open clusters in Gaia data. Our results suggest that many more new and already reported open clusters have yet to be detected in Gaia data.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/645/A124
- Title:
- Inclinations for RGBs from Kepler asteroseismology
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/645/A124
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Measuring stellar inclinations is fundamental to understand planetary formation and dynamics as well as physical conditions during star formation. Oscillation spectra of red giant stars exhibit mixed modes that have both a gravity component from the radiative interior and a pressure component from the convective envelope. Gravity-dominated (g-m) mixed modes split by rotation are well separated inside frequency spectra, making possible accurate measurements of stellar inclinations. This work aims at developing an automated and general approach to measure stellar inclinations, that can be applied to any solar-type pulsator for which oscillation modes are identified, and at validating it using red giant branch stars observed by Kepler. The stellar inclination impacts the visibility of oscillation modes with azimuthal orders m=(-1,0,+1). We use the mean height-to-background ratio of dipole mixed modes with different azimuthal orders to measure stellar inclinations. The underlying statistical distribution of inclinations is recovered in an unbiased way using a probability density function for the stellar inclination angle. We derive stellar inclination measurements for 1140 stars on the red giant branch, for which Gehan et al. (2018A&A...616A..24G, Cat. J/A+A/616/A24) have identified the azimuthal order of dipole g-m mixed modes. Raw measured inclinations exhibit strong deviation with respect to isotropy which is expected for random inclinations over the sky. When taking uncertainties into account, the reconstructed distribution of inclinations actually follows the expected isotropic distribution of the rotational axis. This work highlights the biases that affect inclination measurements and provides the way to infer their underlying statistical distribution. When the star is seen either pole-on or equator-on, measurements are challenging and result in a biased distribution. Correcting biases that appear at the low- and high inclination regimes allows us to recover the underlying inclination distribution.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/523/A17
- Title:
- Individual stars in Fornax dSph center
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/523/A17
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- For the first time we show the detailed, late-stage, chemical evolution history of a small nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxy in the Local Group. We present the results of a high-resolution (R~20000, {lambda}=5340-5620; 6120-6701) FLAMES/GIRAFFE abundance study at ESO/VLT of 81 photometrically selected, red giant branch stars in the central 25' of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy. We also carried out a detailed comparison of the effects of recent developments in abundance analysis (e.g., spherical models vs. plane-parallel) and the automation that is required to efficiently deal with such large data sets. We present abundances of alpha-elements (Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti), iron-peak elements (Fe, Ni, and Cr), and heavy elements (Y, Ba, La, Nd, and Eu).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/499/6053
- Title:
- Indiv. opt. variability of AGNs from MEXSAS2
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/499/6053
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- At present, most of the variability studies of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are based on ensemble analyses. Nevertheless, it is interesting to provide estimates of the individual variability properties of each AGN, in order to relate them with intrinsic physical quantities. A useful dataset is provided by the Catalina Surveys Data Release 2 (CSDR2), which encompasses almost a decade of photometric measurements of ~500 million objects repeatedly observed hundreds of times.We aim to investigate the individual optical variability properties of 795 AGNs originally included in the Multi-Epoch XMMSerendipitous AGN Sample 2 (MEXSAS2). Our goals consist in: (i) searching for correlations between variability and AGN physical quantities; (ii) extending our knowledge of the variability features of MEXSAS2 from the X-ray to the optical.We use the structure function (SF) to analyse AGN flux variations. We model the SF as a power-law, SF(tau)=A(tau/tau_0)^gamma^, and we compute its variability parameters. We introduce the V-correction as a simple tool to correctly quantify the amount of variability in the rest frame of each source.We find a significant decrease of variability amplitude with increasing bolometric, optical and X-ray luminosity. We obtain the indication of an intrinsically weak positive correlation between variability amplitude and redshift, z. Variability amplitude also appears to be positively correlated with alpha_{ox}.The slope of the power-law SF, gamma, is weakly correlated with the bolometric luminosity L_{bol} and/or with the black hole mass M_{BH}. When comparing optical to X-ray variability properties, we find that X-ray variability amplitude is approximately the same for those AGNs with larger or smaller variability amplitude in the optical.On the contrary, AGNs with steeper SF in the optical do present steeper SF in the X-ray, and vice versa.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/152/251
- Title:
- Indo-US library of coude feed stellar spectra
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/152/251
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have obtained spectra for 1273 stars using the 0.9m coude feed telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. This telescope feeds the coude spectrograph of the 2.1m telescope. The spectra have been obtained with the No.5 camera of the coude spectrograph and a Loral 3Kx1K CCD. Two gratings have been used to provide spectral coverage from 3460 to 9464{AA}, at a resolution of ~1{AA} FWHM and at an original dispersion of 0.44{AA}/pix. For 885 stars we have complete spectra over the entire 3460 to 9464{AA} wavelength region (neglecting small gaps of less than 50{AA}), and partial spectral coverage for the remaining stars. The 1273 stars have been selected to provide broad coverage of the atmospheric parameters T_eff_, logg, and [Fe/H], as well as spectral type. The goal of the project is to provide a comprehensive library of stellar spectra for use in the automated classification of stellar and galaxy spectra and in galaxy population synthesis. In this paper we discuss the characteristics of the spectral library, viz., details of the observations, data reduction procedures, and selection of stars. We also present a few illustrations of the quality and information available in the spectra. The first version of the complete spectral library is now publicly available from the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) via ftp and http, at http://www.noao.edu/cflib .